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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The welfare of the child.

The interests or welfare of the child are rightly central to any discussion of the ethics of reproduction. The problematic nature of this legitimate concern is seldom, if ever, noticed or if it is, it is misunderstood. A prominent example of this sort of misunderstanding occurs in the Department of Health's recent and important 'Surrogacy Review' chaired by Margaret Brazier (The Brazier Report) and the same misunderstanding makes nonsense of at least one provision of the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act 1990. (The HFE Act). This paper explores and hopefully resolves this misunderstanding and sets out the ways in which the idea of the interests of the child can legitimately function in bioethics.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Babies, child bearers and commodification: Anderson, Brazier et al., and the political economy of commercial surrogate motherhood.

It is argued by Anderson and also in the Brazier Report that Commercial Surrogate Motherhood (C.S.M.) contracts and agencies should be illegal on the grounds that C.S.M. involves the commodification of both mothers and babies. This paper takes issue with this view and argues that C.S.M. is not inconsistent with the proper respect for, and treatment of, children and women. A case for the legalization of C.S.M. is made.

Commerce↗
PubMed1988

Decelerative treatment practices with persons who have mental retardation: a review of five years of the literature.

The literature from 1981 through 1985 in seven major journals on the treatment of behavior problems in persons with mental retardation was reviewed. We included all studies designed to decrease a target behavior that included formal pre- and posttreatment data. Behavior problems were categorized into seven classes. Treatment procedures were grouped into three levels by degree of restrictiveness according to the model proposed by Brazier and MacDonald (1981). We reported the problems treated with various procedures and the frequencies and effectiveness values for all the problem--procedure combinations. Differential reinforcement and overcorrection were the two most widely used procedures. We drew conclusions about treatment of specific classes of problem behaviors based on the results of this review.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The use of QALY and non-QALY measures of health-related quality of life. Assessing the state of the art.

There are now a large number of instruments available for assessing health-related quality of life, many of which are used within economic evaluations. When considering the use of quality-of-life instruments, meaningful questions need to be asked to determine whether an instrument has been used judiciously. Such questions should consider whether the instrument is valid and suitable for the particular study question, whether the instrument is compatible with the economic evaluation framework used, and subsequently whether the conclusions presented in the study are legitimate. In order to illustrate the value of these questions we have applied them to a number of economic evaluations. The studies used were identified via a systematic review of the health economics literature. In our assessment of a sample of published material, we found that reporting is frequently unhelpful and that the inappropriate use of instruments and techniques casts doubt on the conclusions of economic evaluations. Furthermore, our systematic review of the health economics literature has shown that the general format of reported economic evaluations falls short of the commonly accepted ideal. We examined the health economics literature for 1995 and only identified a handful of studies which satisfied the economic evaluation criteria as accepted by most economists. It is hoped that raising awareness of these issues will urge evaluators, referees and publishers not to lose sight of the needs of the decision-maker when considering the detail which should be present in a reported evaluation.

Economics↗
PubMed1983

Ocular sympathetic denervation associated with ocular hypertension: a case report.

The exact function of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of intraocular pressure remains unclear. Many observers have noted reduced intraocular pressure in eyes whose sympathetic supply has been interrupted. A case of ocular sympathetic denervation associated with ocular hypertension is reported. Reports on the relationship between intraocular pressure and sympathetic denervation are reviewed and their relevance to this case discussed.

Ganglia, Sympathetic↗
PubMed2003

Ecstasy related periodontitis and mucosal ulceration -- a case report.

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) more commonly known as 'Ecstasy' is a widely used recreational drug. The oral and systemic effects associated with its use have been well documented. This paper highlights a previously unreported complication of MDMA use on the oral mucosa. MDMA periodontitis is illustrated with a case report and the local oral and systemic effects of MDMA use outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Auto-immune neutropenia in an infant.

A case of neutropenia in an infant is described, associated with repeated minor infections which responded to treatment with antibiotics. A granulocyte agglutinin was detected in the serum. Following treatment with prednisolone the neutropenia remitted, the antibody disappeared and the infections ceased. Treatment was discontinued after three months and the child remained well five months later. Reports of similar cases are reviewed and the significance of the antibody discussed.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed2000

Elder abuse. Using clinical tools to identify clues of mistreatment.

Elder abuse occurs most commonly in residential rather than institutional settings, and the most likely perpetrators are known by the victim. Although a defined set of risk factors has not been developed, careful questioning and assessment can help determine whether a patient is at increased risk. The common types of elder maltreatment include caregiver and self-neglect, emotional and psychological abuse, fiduciary exploitation, and physical abuse. Assessment consists of comprehensive physical examination, including scrutiny of the musculoskelatal and genitourinary systems, neurologic and cognitive testing, and detailed social and sexual histories. Clues that cannot be explained medically may signal elder abuse. To properly intervene, clinicians should be familiar with state laws governing reporting procedures and patient privacy.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a rare benign and usually self-limited condition of unknown aetiology. Four cases are presented that illustrate how the MRI features may support a diagnosis suggested on clinical grounds. The MRI findings include diffuse symmetric smooth dural thickening and enhancement, not only at the cranial level, but also involving the cervical spinal dura, subdural effusions and downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Gallium-67 citrate localization in disseminated sporotrichosis.

A 25-year-old woman demonstrated Ga-67 citrate accumulation within a facial cutaneous lesion and two subcutaneous nodules within the right lower extremity. Cultures of the facial lesion and one of the subcutaneous nodules grew Sporothrix schenckii. Ga-67 citrate uptake has not been reported previously with this fungal infection. Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy was helpful in defining the extent of the disease, following its course, and determining the response to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Endoscopic treatment of a pancreatic-pleural fistula. Apropos of a case].

Pancreaticopleural fistula is a rare complication of pancreatic diseases. It results from communication between a pancreatic duct and the pleural space, either directly, or through a pseudocyst. The treatment is medical or surgical. We report a case of pancreaticopleural fistula occurring in a man suffering from chronic pancreatitis, and treated by endoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Aortic thrombosis and ulcerative colitis.

Arterial thrombotic accidents in the course of inflammatory bowel disease are rare. They generally affect young adults whose disease is active. We observed a case of aortic and renal arterial thrombosis in a 40-year-old woman who was suffering from ulcerative colitis. Surgical thrombectomy ensured good postoperative results, without any ischemic or renal sequelae. Six days later the patient presented with distal thrombosis of the splenic artery, which receded under anticoagulant treatment. The physiopathology of thromboembolic events in the course of inflammatory bowel disease is uncertain. Such events result from a state of hypercoagulability of various mechanisms, which can be observed in active inflammatory bowel disease. This possibility of serious arterial thrombosis argues in favor of long-term anticoagulant treatment when inflammatory bowel disease is active.

Adult↗