PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Brazilian population”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Correlation of pathologic features with clinical outcome in pediatric adrenocortical neoplasia. A study of a Brazilian population. Brazilian Group for Treatment of Childhood Adrenocortical Tumors.

Although the relationship between pathologic features and clinical outcome is well established in adult adrenocortical neoplasms, the prognostic value of these features in pediatric adrenocortical neoplasms (PACN) is unclear. In a series of PACNs from 54 Brazilian children, the authors retrospectively investigated the prognostic value of histologic classification, ploidy, proliferative index, and size (as tumor weight or greater diameter). Histologic classification was most predictive of clinical behavior: there were no failures in 11 adenomas, 5 failures in 27 low-grade carcinomas, and 9 failures in 16 high-grade carcinomas (P = .0003). Tumor weight was predictive of failure in tumors weighing > or = 100 versus < 100 g (P = .04), and a trend was found toward failure among tumors measuring > or = 5 cm, as opposed to those < 5 cm (P = .07). Proliferative index was marginally related to failure (P = .05 at < 11% vs. > or = 11% and .07 at < 10% vs. > or = 10%), and ploidy was not significantly predictive of outcome (P = .25). Histologic type and tumor weight were the most reliable predictors of outcome in PACN.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Weight gain in adulthood and risk of developing glucose tolerance disturbance: a study of a Japanese-Brazilian population. Japanese-Brazilian Diabetes Study Group.

We examined the data from 530 subjects enrolled in a survey on the prevalence of diabetes in a Japanese-Brazilian population aged 40-79 years. Past self-reported and current weight values were analysed. Student t test was used to compare anthropometric measures between subjects with and without disturbance of glucose tolerance (DGT), hypertension and dyslipidemia. Point and interval estimates of the weight at 20 years-, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were obtained by logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between these diseases and the percent weight gain. Subjects with DGT, hypertension or dyslipidemia tended to have higher BMI during adulthood and to gain more weight in a shorter interval of time. Also, they presented higher waist-to-hip ratio and plasma glucose and worse lipid profile. OR were consistent with associations between chronic diseases and percent weight gain. Trend test of OR indicated that the risk of developing DGT alone or combined with hypertension and abdominal obesity increased 2% and 15% by percent unit of gained weight, respectively, as compared with those subjects with stable weight. Weight gain and the rate by which this occurs during lifetime may confer increased risk of chronic diseases. We suggested that preventive measures against obesity, i.e. the maintenance of healthy body weight lifelong, are necessary to minimize the occurrence of these diseases, also among migrant populations such as the Japanese-Brazilians.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Validation of fetal cerebellar volume by three-dimensional ultrasonography in Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: To validate the prediction equation of the volume of fetal cerebellum by three-dimensional ultrasonography determined for Taiwan's population in Brazilian population. METHODS: A longitudinal prospective study was performed with 52 normal pregnant women between 20 and 32 weeks. The measurement of fetal cerebellar volume was done by virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) method, with a rotation angle of 30 degrees. To establish the correlation of fetal cerebellar volume with gestational age, a polynomial regression analysis was performed, with cerebellar volume as dependent variable and gestational age as independent variable. To compare the prediction equation of the volume of fetal cerebellum in Taiwan's population and the equation established in this study, with the values obtained from Brazilian population (referential), we used the intraclass correlation coefficient, with the averages compared by paired Student's t test. RESULTS: The volume of fetal cerebellum was highly correlated with gestational age, and the best prediction equation obtained was of the second degree. The equation established in this study predicted cerebellar volumes more accurately than the equation established for Taiwan's population, since the average values of fetal cerebellar volume were more similar to the average values of reference. CONCLUSIONS: The equation established for Taiwan's population presented less accuracy in Brazilian population, possibly due to the strong ethnical differences between both populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Multicenter study of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the urban Brazilian population aged 30-69 yr. The Brazilian Cooperative Group on the Study of Diabetes Prevalence.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of diabetes and IGT in the urban adult Brazilian population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used a two-stage, multicenter, cross-sectional survey in a random sample of 21,847 individuals aged 30-69 yr from nine large cities. Subjects were first screened by FCG. All positive screenees (FCG > or = 5.6 mM/L) and every sixth consecutive negative screenee were administered a 75 g OGTT and classified as diabetic, IGT, or normal (nondiabetic) according to WHO recommendations. OGTT findings from the negative screenees were extrapolated to all negative screenees after adjustments for potential biases. RESULTS: The overall rates were 7.6 and 7.8% for diabetes and IGT, respectively. Men (7.5%) and women (7.6%) had similar rates of diabetes. Similar rates resulted with whites (7.8%) and nonwhites (7.3%). Diabetes prevalence increased from 2.7% in the 30-39-yr age-group to 17.4% in the 60-69-yr age-group. Diabetes was more prevalent among less educated people, but this difference disappeared after adjusting for age. Family history of diabetes was associated with a twofold increase in diabetes prevalence (12.5 vs. 5.8%); the same increase occurred with obesity (11.6 vs. 5.2%). Undiagnosed diabetes accounted for 46% of the total prevalence. Among previously diagnosed cases, 22.3% were not under treatment, 7.9% were on insulin, 40.7% were on oral agents, and 29.1% were on dietary treatment only. Self-reported diabetes prevalence was 0.1, 3.2, and 11.6% in the age groups < 30, 30-69, and > 70 yr, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes in Brazil is comparable with that of more developed countries, where it is considered a major health problem.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Heterogeneity of the Y chromosome in Afro-Brazilian populations.

Sixteen biallelic markers (SRY10831a, SRY10831b, SRY4064, SRY2627, 92R7, P2, P3, M34, M9, M3, M2, YAP, M60, M89, M213, M216) located in the nonrecombinant region of the Y chromosome were analyzed in 209 individuals belonging to six Brazilian populations: four Afro-Brazilian populations, one population of white European descendants, and one population of Japanese descendants. The results showed that most of the Y chromosomes of the Afro-Brazilians were from sub-Saharan Africa and that the proportion of Y chromosomes of European origin was greater than that of Y chromosomes of Amerindian origin. No typical African or Amerindian haplogroup was detected among Japanese individuals, and only one white individual showed a typical African haplogroup. Haplogroup P-92R7, which is highly frequent in the Portuguese and Italian populations, was the most frequent among whites (54%), and haplogroup K-M9, which shows wide geographic distribution and is absent in Africa, was the most frequent among Japanese individuals (65.6%). The two semi-isolated Afro-Brazilian populations showed the highest and the lowest genetic diversity, respectively. These differences probably reflect the effect of greater or smaller gene flow between a small isolated group and other populations. These findings show that the process of admixture does not occur homogeneously, with a tendency toward preferential marriages within the ethnic group and a clear direction in unions between European men and Amerindian or African women in the past. The results agree with historical and social data about the formation of the Brazilian population and reveal some of the factors that contribute to its heterogeneity.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed2001

Primary ankylosing spondylitis: patterns of disease in a Brazilian population of 147 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze patterns of disease in a population of Brazilian patients with primary ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: Retrospective study (1988-98) analyzing 147 patients with a diagnosis of primary AS according to the modified New York criteria. Selected patients had complete clinical (initial symptom, axial and peripheral involvement, heel enthesitis, extraarticular manifestations) and radiological (sacroiliac, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine) investigations, and these data were compared with sex, race, age at onset, and HLA-B27. RESULTS: There was a predominance of men (84.4%), Caucasian race (75.5%), adult onset (> 16 years, 85%), and positive HLA-B27 (78.2%). Family history of AS was noted in 14.3% of the patients. Pure axial AS was observed in 37 patients (25.2%). The predominant initial symptoms were inflammatory low back pain (61.9%) and peripheral arthritis (22.4%). Thoracic and cervical spine involvement was noted in 70.1% of the patients; radiological findings included syndesmophytes in 46.9% and "bamboo spine" in 20.4% of patients. The extraaxial joints most frequently involved were: ankles (39.5%), hips (36.1%), knees (29.3%), shoulders (19%), and sternoclaviculars (14.3%); heel enthesitis was present in 22.4%. Acute anterior uveitis was noted in 14.3% of patients. Male sex was associated with involvement of thoracic spine (p = 0.002), cervical spine (p = 0.002), and hips (p = 0.042), whereas female sex was associated with sternoclavicular (p = 0.024) involvement. Caucasian race presented higher frequency of positive family history (p = 0.023); there was no statistical significance of clinical and radiological variables compared with African-Brazilians. Juvenile onset AS presented higher frequency of ankle (p = 0.012) and knee (p = 0.001) involvement, heel enthesitis (p = 0.001), and total hip replacement (p = 0.038), whereas adult onset was associated with thoracic (p = 0.026) and cervical spine (p = 0.026) involvement and positive family history (p = 0.044). Positive HLA-B27 was associated with ankle involvement (p = 0.007) and heel enthesitis (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: In this population women showed a milder axial involvement, Caucasian race presented axial and peripheral involvement similar to African-Brazilians, juvenile onset AS was associated with articular involvement of the lower limbs, and positive HLA-B27 was associated with ankle involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Group-specific component (GC) in Curiaú and Pacoval, two African-derived Brazilian populations.

The group-specific component (GC) system is of interest in anthropological genetic studies because the distribution of its subtypes distinguishes among major ethnic groups. The GC system was analyzed in Curiaú and Pacoval, two remnant Quilombo populations (African-derived populations) from the Brazilian Amazon. There was no significant statistical difference in allelic frequencies between the two populations or between them and three other African-derived Brazilian populations (Mimbó, Sítio Velho, and Gaucinha in Northeastern Brazil). These populations share similarities among themselves and with African populations (high frequencies of GC*1F and lower frequencies of GC*1S), which may reflect the influence of a high level of African contribution to their formation, but there is a clear difference between them and Europeans and South American Indians. It is suggested that the GC system is a useful marker for studying relationships between single populations and major ethnic groups, but does not discriminate between populations which share the same parental stock.

Africa↗
PubMed1998

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism: correlation with bone mineral density in a Brazilian population with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis. Among the genetic factors related to the development of osteoporosis, a possible association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and bone mineral density (BMD) has been described in some populations. We characterized the VDR gene polymorphism in a healthy adult Brazilian population and in a group of patients with IDDM and correlated these findings with densitometric values in both groups. The Brazilian population is characterized by an important racial heterogeneity and therefore is considered an ethnically heterogeneous population. We recruited 94 healthy adult Brazilian volunteers (63 women and 31 men), mean (+/- SD) age 32.4 +/- 6.5 years (range 18-49 years), and 78 patients with IDDM (33 women and 45 men) diagnosed before 18 years of age, mean (+/- SD) age 23.3 +/- 5.5 years (range 18-39 years). VDR genotype was assessed by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by BsmI digestion on DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Statistical analysis included Bonferroni t-test to compare densitometric values within different genotypes in both groups and multiple regression analysis of bone density adjusted for potential confounding factors. The IDDM group had a lower BMD compared with the control group. The VDR genotype distribution in the control group was 43 Bb (45.7%), 39 bb (41.5%) and 12 BB (12.8%). This distribution did not differ from that observed in the IDDM group: 39 Bb (50%), 26 bb (33.3%) and 13 BB (16.7%). In the IDDM group, patients with the Bb genotype had a higher body weight when compared with the BB genotype (p = 0.02). However, when diabetic patients were controlled for age, sex and body mass index, BB genotype was associated with a lower mean BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck than in Bb and bb patients. BB patients had a shorter duration of IDDM than bb and Bb patients. These findings suggest a small influence of VDR gene polymorphism on BMD of a racially heterogeneous population with IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Association of leprosy with HLA-DR2 in a Southern Brazilian population.

The association between HLA specificities and leprosy was investigated in a southern Brazilian population. One hundred and twenty-one patients and 147 controls were typed for HLA-A, B, Cw, DR and DQ. Patients were subdivided into the following subgroups, according to clinical, histological and immunological criteria: lepromatous (N = 55), tuberculoid (N = 32), dimorphous (N = 20), and indeterminate (N = 14). The frequencies of HLA specificities were compared between the total group of patients and controls, and between the same controls and each subgroup of patients. After correction of the probabilities, deviations, were not significant, except for the DR2 specificity, which presented a frequency of 44.2% in the total group of patients and 56.3% in the subgroup of individuals with the tuberculoid form of the disease, compared to 23.3% in the controls. Stratified analysis showed that the increased DR2 frequency in the total group of patients was due to the subgroups with tuberculoid and dimorphous forms. The relative risk of tuberculoid leprosy for DR2-positive individuals was 4.2, and the etiologic fraction of DR2 was 0.429. In conclusion, a positive association of the DR2 specificity with the tuberculoid form of leprosy, but not with the lepromatous, dimorphous, or indeterminate forms, was demonstrated in this Southern Brazilian population.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Association of HLA-DR7 with rheumatic fever in the Brazilian population.

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatic fever (RF) is a multisystem inflammatory disease that develops as a sequel of untreated throat infection by the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. As HLA antigens are known to be important in controlling immunological responsiveness, studies have investigated HLA antigen association with RF. Studies with Caucasians, Black Americans, and Indians showed associations with HLA-DR4, DR2, and DR3, respectively. One study on a Brazilian population suggested an association with HLA-DR7 and HLA-DR53. We investigated the association between RF and antigens HLA-DR7 and DR53 in the white Brazilian population. METHODS: Thirty-five patients and 209 healthy individuals living in the northern region of the state of Parana, Brazil, were used as test and control groups, respectively. Classical statistical methods were used to compare HLA frequencies between these groups. Results. Data confirmed positive association with HLA-DR7 (46.7 vs. 25.7%; p = 0.015), but not with HLA-DR53 (54.3 vs. 44.5%; p = 0.28). The relative risk and etiologic fractions were 2.4 and 0.27%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Positive association between HLA-DR7 specificity and RF was observed in the white Brazilian population by 2 independent studies, supporting the hypothesis of the involvement of genetic factors in susceptibility of rheumatic fever.

Brazil↗
PubMed1997

Evolutionary and anthropological implications of mitochondrial DNA variation in African Brazilian populations.

The genetic diversity in three African Brazilian populations was analyzed using the 360-nucleotide sequences of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Results from 42 individuals revealed 39 distinct lineages defined by 54 variable positions. Some of the sequence types were clearly African derived, but apparent Amerindian lineages also occurred. The lineage clusters did not show any association with place of residence of the individuals or with their morphological classification. Nucleotide diversity, however, seemed to be associated with degree of admixture. The mismatch distribution suggests a major human population expansion 60,000 years ago.

Africa↗
PubMed2001

First-trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities by fetal nuchal translucency in a Brazilian population.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities using nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in a Brazilian population. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 2996 singleton pregnancies with a live fetus at 10-14 weeks of gestation attending for routine antenatal care in a teaching hospital in Brazil. Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) and NT thickness were measured and the risks for trisomy 21 were calculated by a combination of maternal age and fetal NT with the use of software provided by The Fetal Medicine Foundation. Sensitivity and positive predictive values for different risk cut-offs were calculated. RESULTS: Chromosomal defects were diagnosed in 22 cases, including 10 cases of trisomy 21. The estimated risk based on maternal age and fetal NT was 1 in 300 or greater in 222 (7.4%) cases and these included nine of 10 (90.0%) pregnancies with trisomy 21 and nine of 12 (75.0%) pregnancies with other chromosomal defects. The NT was above the 95th centile in 5.8% of cases and this group included 70% of the trisomy 21 cases. CONCLUSION: A combination of maternal age and fetal NT provides an effective method of screening for chromosomal defects. The performance of the test in a Brazilian population is similar to that in Britain.

Brazil↗
PubMed2002

Population genetics of nine short tandem repeat loci: allele frequency distribution in a Brazilian population sample.

Gene and genotype frequencies in relation to the D3S1358, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820 loci were determined in a sample of 290 unrelated individuals (204 Caucasians and 86 mulattoes) living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The sex test Amelogenin was also performed in all subjects from our sample, revealing the expected sex in all instances. Allele frequency data obtained from the analysis of these samples were in the usual range of other population groups with similar racial background. In the sample of Caucasian individuals, panmictic proportions were ruled out in relation to TPOX and CSF1PO loci, but only in the latter was the overall frequency of heterozygotes significantly less than expected. In the sample of mulattoes, Hardy-Weinberg proportions were rejected in relation to FGA and CSF1PO loci, but in no instance were the overall numbers of heterozygotes different from the corresponding expected ones under panmixia. Taking into account all this and also the number of tests performed, the degree of genetic heterogeneity of Brazilian populations, and the critical level reached by the significant results (1% < alpha<5%), the departures from panmixia here observed can be considered to be negligible in altering significantly biologic relationship odds calculated under the assumption of random matings.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

[Incidence of dyslipidemia and its relation to coronary artery disease in Brazilian populations].

PURPOSE: To describe the incidence of dyslipidemia and its relation to coronary artery disease (CAD) in two brazilian populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 1.261 subjects were analyzed; 674, whose mean age was 53 years, came from a cardiology private office (population A) and 587, whose mean age was 37 years, were employees of an engineering company (population B). Cholesterol was determined by the enzymatic method Chod-pap and LDL calculated by the Friedwald's formula. RESULTS: CAD was present in 35.1% of population A and in 1.4% of population B. In population A total cholesterol and LDL were above the expected, in all age groups. About 70% of these patients had cholesterol greater than 200 mg% and LDL greater than 130 mg%, which are considered desirable levels; 28% of women and 44% of men had HDL less than 35 mg%. Conversely, in population B total cholesterol and LDL were slightly above normal only in patients greater than 45 years old. In addition, about 65% of population had cholesterol less than 200 mg% and LDL less than 130 mg%; even so, 28% of women and 48% of men had HDL less than 35 mg%. In population A, there were no significant differences between the percentages of patients with and without CAD, over a wide range of cholesterol values. Similarly, levels of LDL, HDL and triglycerides as well as the incidence of hypertension, smoking and diabetes did not differ between patients with and without CAD. CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of dyslipidemia in these brazilian populations, especially among patients from private office. Further, the isolated measurement of lipid fractions does not discriminate between patients with and without DAC, suggesting that other factors are involved in the genesis of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Odontogenic tumors: a study of 340 cases in a Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determinate the relative frequency of odontogenic tumors (OTs) in a Brazilian population and to compare this data with previous reports. METHODS: We reviewed the achieves of 19 123 specimens from oral pathology laboratory of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, from 1954 to 2004. Using the criteria of histologic typification published by the World Health Organization in 1992, we classified the OTs. RESULTS: A total of 340 OTs were found. The frequency of OTs comprises 1.78% of all pathologic specimens in our laboratory. The most frequent tumor was ameloblastoma (45.2%), followed by odontomas (24.91%), and myxomas (9.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Odontogenic tumors are uncommon lesions in this Brazilian population and malignant OTs are very rare. The relative frequency of various types of OTs, age, and gender distribution are similar to those reported in African, Asian but not to Chilean and North American series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Flavonoids in vegetable foods commonly consumed in Brazil and estimated ingestion by the Brazilian population.

The objective of this work was to quantify the flavonoids present in foods most commonly consumed by the Brazilian population. The predominant flavonoids found in largest abundance in all of the analyzed vegetables were glycosides of quercetin. In lettuce, a small amount of luteolin was also detected. In sweet pepper, quercetin and luteolin were both present. White onion [48-56 mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW), expressed as aglycon], red onion (40-100 mg/100 g of FW), red lettuce (67-67.2 mg/100 g of FW), arugula (41-118 mg/100 g of FW), and chicory (18-38 mg/100 g of FW) were highest in total flavonoids. In fruits, the highest concentrations of flavonoids were found in the peel (125-170 mg/100 g of FW) and pulp (35-44 mg/100 g of FW) of oranges and in some apple varieties (14-36 mg/100 g of FW). Variability in flavonoid content due to time of harvesting was high for leafy vegetables and red onions. The estimated ingestion by Brazilian population ranged from 60 to 106 mg/day.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

Criteria for central obesity in a Brazilian population: impact on metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and propose the optimal waist circumference cut-off points (WCp) for the diagnosis of central obesity (CO) in a Brazilian population, so as to compare these cut-off points with those recommended by the ATPIII (WC-ATPIII), and to estimate the difference in prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome (MS) using the two criteria. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a population subgroup of 1439 adults in the city of Salvador, Brazil. ROC curves of waist circumference (WC) were plotted to identify diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. ROC curve sensitivity and specificity values >60% and the closest to each other were used to define WCp. The prevalence of MS was estimated using WCp and WC-ATPIII. RESULTS: Eight hundred and twenty nine women comprised 57.7% of the sample. The WCp selected were 84 cm for women and 88 cm for men. These cut-off points detected DM with a 68.7% and 70% sensitivity, and a 66.2% and 68.3% specificity, respectively. For obesity, sensitivity and specificity were 79.8% and 77.6% in women and 64.3% and 71.6% in men, respectively. Using WC-ATPIII, 88 cm (for women) and 102 cm (for men), the sensitivity was 53.3% and 26.5%, respectively, to diagnose DM. For obesity, sensitivity was 66.5% (for women) and 28.6% (for men). The prevalence of MS using WCp was 23.7%, 95%CI (21.6-25.9), whereas using WC-ATPIII it was 19.0%, 95%CI (17.1-20.9), 1.2 times higher using WCp. CONCLUSION: WC-ATPIII were inappropriate and underestimated the prevalence of MS in the population studied, particularly among men. We suggest that the WC cut-off points > 84 cm for women and > 88 cm for men should be tested in other Brazilian populations.

Abdominal Wall↗