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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Preliminary investigation of the simultaneous detection of sugars, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and sodium benzoate in non-alcoholic beverages by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) was used for the simultaneous detection of sugars, ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium and/or potassium benzoate in non-alcoholic beverages, with meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (MW 974) as a matrix. Using potassium hydroxide as dopant, fructose/glucose was detected as the potassiated molecule at m/z 219, whereas potassiated sucrose, [Sucrose. K](+), was detected at m/z 381. Using sodium hydroxide as dopant, the fructose and sucrose ions were detected at m/z 203 and 365, respectively. Citric acid generated multiple ions at m/z 269, 307, and 345, which were assigned to [Citricbond;H+2K](+), [Citricbond;2H+3K](+), and [Citricbond;3H+4K](+), respectively. However, a stored methanolic solution of citric acid produced additional ions at m/z 283, 297, and 321, which were attributed to [Citricbond;2H+CH(3)+2K](+), [Citricbond;3H+2CH(3)+2K](+), and [Citricbond;3H+CH(3)+3K](+), respectively, due to esterification that took place during storage. The limits of detection in water were: ascorbic acid, 0.30 wt%; citric acid, 0.5 wt%; and sodium benzoate, 0.001 wt%. In the beverage formulations, the limits of detection were: ascorbic acid 0.3 wt%, citric acid 0.3 wt%, and sodium benzoate 0.02 wt%. Spiking a water or beverage solution that contained ascorbic and/or citric acid with less than 0.6 wt% of tartaric acid lowered the detection limits of ascorbic and citric acids to 0.2 wt%. This study demonstrates the potential for using MALDI-TOFMS in the quality control analyses of non-alcoholic beverages, particularly with regard to the detection of low molecular weight organic acids in commercial beverage formulations.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human seminal biochemistry: fructose, ascorbic acid, citric acid, acid phosphatase and their relationship with sperm count.

Seminal concentration of fructose, ascorbic acid, citric acid and acid phosphatase were measured in azoospermic, oligozoospermic and control males. No significant differences were found among the groups evaluated. The data obtained in the present study suggest that in the absence of infection and androgen deficiency, the failure of the germinal line of the testis is not correlated with alterations of the adnexal glands.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Combined effects of L-ascorbic acid, citric acid or their sodium salts on tumor induction by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine or N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in the rat urinary bladder.

L-Ascorbic acid, citric acid or their sodium salts (at levels equivalent to 5% sodium L-ascorbate) were fed in the diet simultaneously with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) or N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (EHBN) (0.025% BBN or 0.021% EHBN) in the drinking water to male F344 rats for 20 weeks to determine whether urinary pH changes affect the carcinogenicity of BBN or EHBN. In the urine, pH was decreased in rats fed the acidic chemicals and increased in rats fed their corresponding sodium salts. Histopathologically, the incidences and numbers of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in groups treated with each test chemical were not different from those in control groups except for sodium citrate-treated groups in which induction of carcinomas was higher, resulting from increased intake of either carcinogen and also from increased urinary excretion of main carcinogenic metabolites. These results show that the test chemicals do not affect the carcinogenicity of BBN or EHBN on the rat urinary bladder when simultaneously administered despite significant differences in urinary pH.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The effect of acetic acid, citric acid, and trisodium citrate in combination with different levels of water activity on the growth of Arcobacter butzleri in culture.

The influence of weak organic acids and trisodium citrate in combination with a high or a reduced water activity (aw) was investigated when a population of Arcobacter butzleri was exposed to a low concentration of acetic or citric acid, and trisodium citrate combined with high (0.993) and reduced (0.977) aw in culture broth at 30 degrees C. Regardless of water activity, acetic and citric acid (> 0.2%) inhibited the growth of A. butzleri with no viable cells detected after 4-5 h of incubation. Enhanced survival was found at reduced aw with addition of acetic acid. In contrast, after exposure to citric acid in combination with reduced aw inactivation was more rapid than that after being exposed to high water activity. Incorporation of trisodium citrate in combination with reduced aw (0.977) would probably not confer any extra protection. Concentrations of organic acid widely used in meat decontamination processing represent feasible tools for reducing A. butzleri contamination and hence the risk of Arcobacter infection.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Inactivation of foot and mouth disease virus in skimmed milk with propionic acid, citric acid and hydrogen peroxide.

In order to protect farm animals from infections such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) and tuberculosis, the pasteurisation of milk and milk products designated for the feeding of animals is compulsory in Switzerland. Nowadays, milk products are often treated chemically with acids or with hydrogen peroxide in order to keep bacterial contamination low. The capacity of these chemical treatments to inactivate FMD virus in skimmed milk within 6 h at 5 degrees C was tested in this study. The results indicated that the addition of 0.1%-0.3% of consumable acids, such as citric acid or propionic acid, could not guarantee the complete inactivation of FMD virus in skimmed milk. Similar results were obtained both with FMD virus deliberately added to skimmed milk and with skimmed milk obtained from naturally infected cows. Hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of 0.1%-0.3% was also an ineffective means of controlling the risk of FMD virus transmission from contaminated milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Improvement of iron nutrition in developing countries: comparison of adding meat, soy protein, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and ferrous sulphate on iron absorption from a simple Latin American-type of meal.

A study in 49 subjects compared different methods for increasing the absorption of iron from a simple Latin American-type meal composed of maize, rice, and black beans. The addition of meat (75 g) increased the nonheme iron absorption from 0.17 to 0.45 mg; soy protein in an amount corresponding to the protein content of the meat increased the absorption to 0.51 mg (due to the high iron content of soy flour); cauliflower as a source of ascorbic acid (65 mg) increased the absorption to 0.58 mg, pure ascorbic acid (50 mg) to 0.41 mg, and ferrous sulphate mixed into the meal in an amount (6 mg) corresponding to the iron content of the soy flour increased the absorption to 0.64 mg. The addition of citric acid (1 g) reduced the absorption to 0.06 mg (to about one-third). We conclude that several methods are available for increasing iron absorption from a Latin American meal and that the choice of method depends on several factors, particularly cost.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Electrokinetic energy conversion by aqueous oxalic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, hippuric acid, and acetyl salicylic acid across urinary bladder membranes.

Efficiency of energy conversion for electro-osmosis and streaming potential and the degree of coupling of acids across urinary bladder membranes of goat have been computed using non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory. The energy conversion maxima and degree of coupling for acids responsible for the formation of urinary calculi are found to be much low as compared to urea and urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Blood-reduced glutathione, pyruvic acid, citric acid, ceruloplasmin oxidase activity and certain mineral changes in diabetes mellitus before and after treatment.

In maturity onset diabetes the blood levels of total blood keto acids in terms of pyruvic, serum citric, calcium are significantly higher than in normal adults, while there is a decrease in reduced-blood glutathione, serum zinc, potassium and sodium levels. There were no significant differences between diabetes and normal adults in the serum levels of copper, ceruloplasmin oxidase activity, iron and magnesium.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The long-term effect of various hormonal contraceptives on the excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, uric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, sulfate and lysozyme in the 24 hour urine].

The influence of a long-term application of 4 different hormonal contraceptives on the excretion of various constituents of the urine was examined. A reverse effect after stoppage of the medication is to be established in none of the other parameters with the exception of calcium.

Calcium↗
PubMed2006

Effect of CHX on the decalcifying effect of 10% citric acid, 20% citric acid, or 17% EDTA.

The objective of this study was to measure the demineralization capacity of 10% and 20% citric acid and 17% EDTA after three time periods and to determine whether it was modified by the addition of 1% of commercial chlorhexidine (CHX). Three slices of 2-mm thickness were cut from the cervical third of the root of ten bovine incisors and sectioned into two equal parts, obtaining six specimens per tooth. Specimens were assigned to one of six groups (n = 10) for immersion in 25 ml of the above mentioned solutions or 25 ml of these same solutions plus 1% CHX (Hibimax). At 3, 10, and 15 min of immersion, the concentration of Ca2+ was measured by atomic absorption spectrophometry. The demineralization effect of all solutions was time-dependent (F = 158,448; p < 0.001), without significant differences among them (p = 0.783). Addition of 1% CHX did not modify the demineralizing capacity of these solutions. In the first three minutes, significantly more [Ca2+] was obtained when 17% EDTA was used in comparison with the other solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The pulpal response to topically applied citric acid.

Citric acid is currently being used to aid in the reattachment of periodontal tissues to tooth roots which have become separated as a result of periodontitis. The present study examines the effect of topically applied citric acid on the dental pulp. Citric acid, pH 1, was applied for 3 minutes on instrumented premolar teeth in six dogs. As a control, saline solution was applied on similarly instrumented premolars. The teeth were removed 1, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 144 hours after citric acid application. After histologic preparation, the pulps were examined for inflammatory cell infiltrates, odontoblast displacement into the dentinal tubules, hyperemic capillaries in the odontoblast layer, hemorrhage, abscess formation, irregular dentin, and the thickness of the dentin remaining beneath the treated area. There was no statistically significant response to the citric acid over the saline controls. Nor was the pulpal response, as examined above, correlated to the thickness of the remaining dentin. The results suggest that citric acid, pH 1, when applied to tooth roots during surgical reattachment therapy, does not adversely affect the pulp.

Administration, Topical↗