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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Vernal conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis compared and contrasted.

We compared quantitative histologic counts of ten subjects with vernal conjunctivitis to counts of 15 subjects with contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis and to counts of 15 normal subjects. Both vernal conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis subjects had abnormalities of mast cells in the epithelium, and eosinophils and basophils in epithelium and substantia propria. No normal individuals had these abnormalities. An additional 28 subjects with ocular inflammatory conditions had tissue evaluation for abnormalities of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. A few eosinophils were found in four subjects. The histologic abnormalities of vernal conjunctivitis are shared by contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis but not by conjunctival inflammation in general. Vernal conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis may represent different subtypes of a general category of conjunctival abnormality characterized by giant papillae.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Age differences in visual search for feature, conjunction, and triple-conjunction targets.

The authors examined the ability of younger and older adults to search for targets defined by single features (feature search), conjunctions of 2 features (conjunction search), and conjunctions of 3 features (triple-conjunction search). Feature search was relatively age-invariant, with both older and younger adults displaying shallow search slopes. However, older adults did show reduced search rates for many conjunction targets. Interestingly, both older and younger adults benefited equivalently when an extra feature was available to define the conjunction target. That is, the relative amount of improvement in search performance was similar for younger and older adults when the triple-conjunction search was compared to the conjunction search. These results are discussed in terms of age-related differences in the effectiveness of bottom-up and top-down mechanisms that support visual search.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Density of goblet cells in vernal conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Using light microscopy, the density of goblet epithelial cells was determined in the conjunctival epithelium of ten patients with vernal conjunctivitis, ten patients with contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis, and ten normal subjects. The median density was 13,000/cu mm for vernal conjunctivitis, 11,000/cu mm for giant papillary conjunctivitis, and 11,000/cu mm for normal subjects, a statistically insignificant difference. Increased mucus in vernal conjunctivitis and contact mucus in vernal conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis is not accounted for by an increased density of goblet cells per cubic millimeter. It is probably caused by the greater surface area and thickness of epithelium, with a concomitant increase in the total number of goblet cells and increased mucus from nongoblet epithelial cells.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Percentage of degranulated mast cells in vernal conjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact-lens wear.

Using light microscopy, we determined the percentage of granulated and degranulated mast cells in sections of tissue from ten persons with vernal conjunctivitis, ten with giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact-lens wear, and ten normal subjects. Tissues from both groups of patients had a significantly higher percentage of degranulated mast cells (greater than 80%) than did normal tissue (less than 25%). The fully granulated mast cells in the three groups did not appear morphologically different, nor did the degranulated mast cells in the three groups. The percentage of degranulated mast cells in vernal conjunctivitis did not differ significantly from that in giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact-lens wear. The histamine level in the tears of patients with vernal conjunctivitis, which is four times higher than that of normal subjects and that of patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact-lens wear, cannot be explained by a difference in the percentage of degranulated cells detectable by light microscopy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of topically administered azelastine, sodium cromoglycate and placebo in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and rhino-conjunctivitis.

OBJECTIVE AND SETTING: Azelastine (AZE) in a novel, eye drop, formulation, was compared with topically applied sodium cromoglycate (SCG) and placebo (PLA) in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhino-conjunctivitis in a multicentre, parallel group study. RESEARCH DESIGN: 144 subjects ranging in age from 16 to 65 years participated. All had at least a 2-year history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and were symptomatic at the time of inclusion. Medications were administered topically either twice daily (AZE/PLA) or four times daily (SCG) over a 2-week treatment period. Method and outcome measures: Azelastine and placebo were compared double-blind; the comparison versus SCG was carried out in an open manner. Itching, redness, flow of tears, eyelid swelling, foreign-body sensation, photophobia, soreness and discharge were scored on a 4-point severity scale. RESULTS: Results for the decrease of main conjunctivitis symptoms (itching, tearing and conjunctival redness) showed a marked effect for both active treatments on day 3 with a sustained improvement on days 7 and 14. A clear response to treatment (an improvement of sum scores for day 3 of >/=3 points compared to baseline) occurred in 85.4% of azelastine-treated patients, 83.0% of sodium cromoglycate patients and 56.3% of placebo patients. Response rates for both active treatments were statistically superior to those for placebo (azelastine p = 0.005; sodium cromoglycate p = 0.007). Global assessment of efficacy was at least 'satisfactory' for 90.0% of azelastine patients, 81.3% of sodium cromoglycate patients and 66.3% of placebo-treated patients. The most frequent adverse effects were transient application site reactions which tended to disappear with increasing duration of treatment, and, less frequently, taste perversion. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the therapeutic use of azelastine eye drops in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhino-conjunctivitis can be recommended.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1987

Relation of the outcome of conjunctivitis and the conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome to identifiable risk factors and oral antimicrobial therapy.

The epidemiology, microbiology and clinical outcome of the conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome (CJ-AOM) was investigated in a rural private practice concurrent to a double blind placebo-controlled study of orally administered amoxicillin for prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) secondary to conjunctivitis. Bacterial pathogens were isolated when greater than 15 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/high power field were observed on Gram-stained smear of conjunctival secretions. Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae biotype 2 predominated in CJ-AOM; however, Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated nearly as frequently as H. influenzae in conjunctivitis without AOM. Younger age (P = 0.001) and more episodes of AOM in the previous year (P = 0.006) were risk factors for CJ-AOM. Persistence of AOM was frequently observed in CJ-AOM. The frequency of AOM secondary to conjunctivitis was reduced (P = .01) in amoxicillin recipients (2 of 41) compared with placebo (11 of 42), but amoxicillin failed to eradicate nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae. More episodes of AOM per year (P less than 0.001) and day care (P less than 0.001) were found to be risk factors for AOM secondary to conjunctivitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

A double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate in the treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis. The Loteprednol Etabonate Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis Study Group I.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of loteprednol etabonate 0.5% ophthalmic suspension in reducing the ocular signs and symptoms accompanying contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. METHODS: In a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study conducted at 14 academic or private practice clinics, 223 adults with contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis received either loteprednol or the loteprednol vehicle (placebo), one drop, four times daily for 6 weeks. Papillae, itching, contact lens intolerance, other signs and symptoms of giant papillary conjunctivitis (O-to-3 or O-to-4 grade scales), and intraocular pressure were measured. RESULTS: The proportion of patients treated with loteprednol who at final visit demonstrated an improvement in papillae of at least one grade (78%, 85/109) was significantly greater than the proportion of those treated with placebo (51%, 56/110; P = .001). A treatment difference favoring loteprednol was seen with improvement in itching (95% vs 81%, 104/109 vs 89/110; P < .001) and lens intolerance (87% vs 77%, 95/109 vs 85/110; P = .053). Eight of 109 patients (7%, all taking loteprednol) had an intraocular pressure increase of 10 mm Hg or more on at least one visit during treatment. After discontinuation of loteprednol, intraocular pressure returned to normal levels. Both treatments were well tolerated, and no serious unexpected treatment-related medical events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid therapeutic response combined with the low incidence and transient nature of any intraocular pressure increase suggests that loteprednol is an appropriate treatment for giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Characteristics of an adenovirus type 19 conjunctivitis isolate and evidence for a subgroup associated with epidemic conjunctivitis.

Although adneovirus type 19 (Ad19) was first described in 1955, this virus was not associated with disease until its isolation from outbreaks of conjunctivitis in 1973. A strain of Ad19 isolated from a case of conjunctivitis in Seattle in 1974 was compared with the reference strain (3911). Plaque number and size were enhanced by 30 mM MgCl2. Low pH and chloroform treatment had no effect on either strain's activity, but the two strains were sensitive to pH 8. Growth curves were characteristic of adenoviruses, but differences were seen in the amount of virus released. The ratios of particles to plaque-forming units (approximately 10,000:1) were similar for both. Both virus preparations contained high concentrations of group-specific complement-fixing antigen. Cross-reactions were seen by hemagglutination inhibition and immunoelectron microscopy between antisera to Ad8, Ad9, and Ad10 versus both strains of Ad19, but were not seen by neutralization. We would like to suggest, based on exclusive conjunctivitis association and cross-reactions, that the four cross-reacting serotypes, Ad8, Ad9, Ad10, and Ad19, represent a subgroup of adenoviruses specfically associated with conjunctivitis.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1996

[Clinical evaluation of Spersallerg preparation for non-infectious conjunctivitis and infectious conjunctivitis with a hyperergic component].

PURPOSE: To estimate the efficacy of "Spersallerg" eye drops from "CIBA-Vision" in conjunctivitis without any acute exogenic infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material consisted of 47 eyes, including 14 eyes with papillary conjunctivitis, 4 eyes with vermal conjunctivitis, 1 eye with giant papillary inflammation caused by wearing contact lens, 8 eyes with blepharitis and conjunctival allergic component, 6 eyes with allergy on cosmetics, 4 eyes with allergy on local anaesthetics and 10 eyes with postoperative, non-allergic conjunctival irritation. The method of evaluation was based on individual patient's opinion on his subjective symptoms and on slit-lamp examination of conjunctival, palpebral and corneal sings, typical for this type of inflammation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that "Spersallerg" is clinically useful in most of allergic conjunctivitis cases, and in other inflammations with hyperergic component. It proved to be efficient as the support for causal treatment minimizing subjective and objective signs of the disease.

Anesthetics, Local↗

PubMed1981

Mast cell ultrastructure. Comparison in contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis.

Mast cells from the upper tarsal conjunctiva of six normal subjects, seven persons with contact lens-associated persons with contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis (CL-GPC), and six persons with vernal conjunctivitis were examined by electron microscopy. Most mast cells from normal subjects were fully granulated and showed granule forms previously reported for conjunctiva. All mast cells from patients with CL-GPC had some degree of degranulation. The number of granules in approximately 30% of mast cells from patients with CL-GPC was sufficiently reduced that the cells probably would not have been recognized as mast cells using light microscopy. Mast cells from vernal conjunctivitis patients had the most extensive degranulation. The vast majority of these cells, at least 80%, had so few granules that it is unlikely they would have been recognized as mast cells if light microscopy alone were used.

Conjunctiva↗

PubMed1997

A controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate in the prophylactic treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Loteprednol Allergic Conjunctivitis Study Group.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate 0.5% as prophylactic treatment for the ocular signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS: In this randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel study, 293 adults with history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis were treated with either loteprednol etabonate or vehicle (placebo) four times daily, beginning before the onset of the allergy season and continuing for 6 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was a primary composite score (sum of itching and bulbar conjunctival injection scores). Supportive efficacy measures were the investigator global assessment and a secondary composite score (sum of tearing, erythema, chemosis, and discomfort scores), all calculated during the 21-day peak pollen season. RESULTS: The proportion of patients who never developed moderate or severe signs and symptoms of allergy during the peak pollen season in the loteprednol etabonate treatment group was greater than that in the placebo group. For the primary composite score, this efficacy criterion was reached by 94% of patients (136/145) in the loteprednol etabonate group and 78% of patients (111/143) in the placebo group (P = .001). The magnitude of effect was similar for the investigator global assessment (86% [118/138] vs 64% [87/137]; P < .001) and, although not statistically significant, the secondary composite score (77% [112/145] vs 68% [97/143]; P = .092). None of the loteprednol etabonate-treated patients had an intraocular pressure increase of 10 mm Hg or more, whereas two placebo patients did. CONCLUSIONS: Loteprednol etabonate is generally effective in prophylaxis of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and has an acceptable safety profile.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Human conjunctival mast cells: distribution of MCT and MCTC in vernal conjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis.

The distribution and concentration of human tryptase-positive, chymase-negative mast cells (MCTS) and tryptase-positive, chymase-positive mast cells (MCTCS) were examined in conjunctival biopsy specimens from subjects with active vernal conjunctivitis (VC; n = 7), giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC; n = 6), and allergic conjunctivitis (AC; n = 5), and from asymptomatic soft-contact lens wearers (SCL; n = 6) and normal control individuals (n = 19). Carnoy's fixed tissue sections were stained by a double immunohistochemical method using a biotinylated mouse monoclonal antichymase antibody with immunoperoxidase, followed by an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated mouse monoclonal antitryptase antibody. Epithelial mast cells (MCs) were found in all VC specimens (96% MCTCs) and in three GPC specimens (100% MCTCS) but in none of the other groups. In the substantia propria, MCTCS were the predominant type of MC observed in all specimens, accounting for 95% of the total MCs in the normal control group and 100% of the total MCs in the subjects with GPC, AC, and SCL. No significant differences were found in the total MC concentration of the substantia propria among the normal control subjects (11,054 +/- 6327 MCs per cubic millimeter), subjects in the SCL group (13,168 +/- 4685 MCs per cubic millimeter), subjects with GPC (17,313 +/- 8500 MCs per cubic millimeter), and subjects with AC (15,380 +/- 5660 MCs per cubic millimeter). In subjects with VC, the percentage of MCTs (18% +/- 13%) and the total MC concentration (24,689 +/- 18,978 MCs per cubic millimeter) in the substantia propria were significantly increased as compared to the normal control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biopsy↗

PubMed2000

A signal detection model predicts the effects of set size on visual search accuracy for feature, conjunction, triple conjunction, and disjunction displays.

Recently, quantitative models based on signal detection theory have been successfully applied to the prediction of human accuracy in visual search for a target that differs from distractors along a single attribute (feature search). The present paper extends these models for visual search accuracy to multidimensional search displays in which the target differs from the distractors along more than one feature dimension (conjunction, disjunction, and triple conjunction displays). The model assumes that each element in the display elicits a noisy representation for each of the relevant feature dimensions. The observer combines the representations across feature dimensions to obtain a single decision variable, and the stimulus with the maximum value determines the response. The model accurately predicts human experimental data on visual search accuracy in conjunctions and disjunctions of contrast and orientation. The model accounts for performance degradation without resorting to a limited-capacity spatially localized and temporally serial mechanism by which to bind information across feature dimensions.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis. An outbreak during an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Ten patients with gonococcal conjunctivitis were examined during an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). Eye cultures in all cases demonstrated Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and seven also had isolates of N gonorrhoeae in genital specimens. All patients responded well to antimicrobial therapy. The patients had used a folk remedy in which they had applied urine to their eyes to treat the symptoms of AHC.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tear lysozyme and lactoferrin levels in giant papillary conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis.

We measured tear lysozyme by a radial immunodiffusion assay in patients with contact lens induced giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) and in patients with vernal conjunctivitis (VC). The VC and GPC patients had normal levels of tear lysozyme when compared to control individuals who did not have eye disease and to normal individuals who wore contact lenses without difficulty. In contrast, the tear concentration of lactoferrin (another important tear protein produced by the lacrimal glands) was reduced both in VC and GPC patients. Normal levels of tear lysozyme in the presence of reduced tear concentrations of lactoferrin may be a unique pattern in these two ocular conditions. The reduced tear levels of lactoferrin are probably not related to lacrimal gland dysfunction but to other factor(s) important in the pathogenesis of these two ocular disorders.

Conjunctivitis, Allergic↗

PubMed1986

Perennial allergic conjunctivitis: definition, clinical characteristics and prevalence. A comparison with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) is a perennial form of seasonal allergic (hay fever) conjunctivitis (SAC). Fourteen subjects with PAC were compared with 25 subjects with SAC. All patients met the same criteria for the diagnosis of a Type 1 ocular allergy. In a study of ophthalmic morbidity at an inner city health centre during the summer months the 3-month period prevalence of PAC was 3.5:10,000. In PAC symptoms are present throughout the year although seasonal exacerbations occurred in 79 per cent. Many similarities were found with SAC. PAC showed the same age range, length of history and symptoms as SAC although SAC was more severe. In both, conjunctival cytology showed eosinophils (PAC 43 per cent; SAC 25 per cent) and total IgE levels were raised in the tears (PAC 100 per cent; SAC 96 per cent) and serum (PAC 79 per cent; SAC 78 per cent). However, PAC differed from SAC in several respects: a history of exacerbation on exposure to house dust (PAC 42 per cent; SAC none) and an association with perennial rhinitis (PAC 75 per cent; SAC 12 per cent) were more common in PAC. The largest response on skin prick testing to a panel of antigens was to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and this was more frequent in PAC (PAC 71 per cent; SAC 4 per cent). Dust mite antigen specific IgE was present in the tears of 78 per cent of cases of PAC, in higher levels than in serum indicating local production of IgE, whereas in SAC there were no detectable levels in any of the tears tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Histological study of allergic conjunctivitis--1. Study on the adhesion molecules to allergic conjunctivitis].

We performed an immunohistochemical study on the relationship between inflammatory cells and adhesion molecules to investigate inflammatory reaction in allergic conjunctivitis. Guinea pigs were sensitized with an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin with hydroxyalminium. Ovalbumin was applied topically to the conjunctiva 3 weeks after the initial treatment. Then the cornea, conjunctiva and lacrymal gland were taken and processed for frozen sections. The specimens were stained with acid Giemsa for inflammatory cells and enzyme-labelled antibody for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Neutrophils were dominantly observed 6 hours after the challenge with the antigen, eosinophils at 12 hours, and eosinophils and lymphocytes at 24 hours, respectively. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were detected at 6 and 24 hours in the vascular tissue in the subconjunctival tissue and lacrymal gland. There results suggest that adhesion molecules play a role in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in allergic conjunctivitis.

Animals↗

PubMed1973

Effect of polycations, polyanions and neuraminidase on the infectivity of trachoma-inclusin conjunctivitis and lymphogranuloma venereum organisms HeLa cells: sialic acid residues as possible receptors for trachoma-inclusion conjunction.

The infectivity of trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) organisms (TW-5) was enhanced by pretreatment of HeLa cell monolayers before inoculation with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran (30 mug/ml) and poly-l-lysine (10 mug/ml) and inhibited by dextran sulphate (250 mug/ml), fetuin (4%), ovomucoid (5%), N-acetyl neuraminic acid (0.5%), and Cholera vibrio neuraminidase (100 U/ml). The infectivity of lymphogranuloma venereum organisms (434) was not affected by DEAE-dextran, fetuin, and neuraminidase, was slightly inhibited by poly-l-lysine, and was inhibited by dextran-sulphate, ovomucoid, and N-acetyl neuraminic acid. The study suggested that sialic acid residues on the cell surface may be specific receptors for TRIC organisms. The receptors for TRIC organisms (TW-5 and TW-3) could be specifically blocked with inactivated (56 C for 30 min) TRIC organisms at the ratio of one live to 100 inactivated TRIC organisms, but not by inactivated lymphogranuloma venereum (434) or influenza virus (A(2)/Jap 305).

Binding Sites↗