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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Beyond the CO-FT regulatory module: E1 and PHYA emerge as players in photoperiodic regulation of flowering in legumes.

The legume family (Fabaceae) is the third largest in plants and includes several crop species that are able to fix nitrogen, promote soil health, and contribute to food security worldwide. Recent progress in legume genetics and genomics allowed the identification of photoperiod-dependent flowering loci, which were incorporated into specific signalling networks. Functional characterization of these regulators revealed new roles for known photoreceptors such as phytochrome A, and it also identified legume-specific B3 domain transcriptional factors (E1 and E1-like proteins). This suggests some diversification from the traditional CONSTANS-FLOWERING LOCUS T module present in other angiosperms. Although most of the findings discussed herein pertain to species from the two main legume clades, the Galegoids (e.g. alfalfa, clover, and pea) and the Phaseoloids (e.g. common bean, soybean, cowpea, and pigeon pea), research on flowering regulation in the basal Genistoid clade (e.g. lupins) will also be addressed. We propose that functional diversification of photoperiod-dependent flowering strategies in the different legume species could have contributed to their environmental adaptation and allowed their geographical expansion and success worldwide.

Photoperiod↗
PubMed2026

Photoperiod and UV-B orchestrate ICR1 to control seed isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean.

Being sessile, plants optimize their physiological and metabolic processes in response to ambient environmental cues, such as light. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying environmental regulation of seed isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean remain largely elusive. Here, our genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies Isoflavone Content Regulator 1 (ICR1), encoding a Regulator of Chromosome Condensation (RCC1) family protein, as a positive regulator of seed isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean. The CONSTANS (CO) homolog GmCOL2b directly suppresses ICR1 transcription by binding to a CORE cis-element. Notably, nature variations flanking the CORE sequence influence GmCOL2b binding affinity, thereby modulating ICR1 transcription and seed isoflavone content. We further demonstrate that photoperiod significantly affects seed isoflavone content, with short-day (SD) conditions promoting isoflavonoid accumulation by relieving GmCOL2b-mediated repression of ICR1, while UV-B radiation facilitates ICR1 protein accumulation. Subsequently, ICR1 interacts with GmMYB12B2 to enhance seed isoflavonoid biosynthesis. Our findings elucidate how soybean integrates environmental light signals, including photoperiod and UV-B signaling that vary across seasons or latitudes, to coordinate seed isoflavonoid biosynthesis, providing a valuable genetic resource for improving soybean nutritional quality.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Mul-PheG2P: decoupled learning and prediction-space fusion enables robust and interpretable multi-phenotype genomic prediction.

Genomic prediction of multiple phenotypes is crucial in modern plant breeding; however, existing methods struggle with negative transfer and lack interpretability, particularly across high-dimensional small-sample data and diverse species. To address this, we propose Mul-PheG2P, a novel paradigm based on decoupled learning and predictive space fusion. It employs a two-stage design: first training phenotype-specific encoders using genetic data, then decoupling phenotype-specific learning from cross-phenotype aggregation via an interpretable prediction layer. Mul-PheG2P outperforms existing methods across diverse crop datasets, including maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). It provides a multi-scale interpretability chain: at the macro level, it quantifies phenotypic contributions via attention-based weighting; at the micro level, Integrated Gradients reveal the genetic basis of predictions. Notably, the model successfully identified the CCT (CONSTANS, CO-like, and TOC) motif regulating photoperiodism and the SQUAMOSA (SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein) promoter for inflorescence development, confirming its ability to capture functional biological mechanisms. These results highlight the high performance and interpretability of Mul-PheG2P, showcasing its value for low-cost, large-scale screening to advance precision breeding.

Phenotype↗
PubMed1979

Group-specific component (Gc) 'subtypes' of Gc1 by isoelectric focusing in US blacks and whites.

Isoelectric focusing was applied to the Gc polymorphism. In agreement with Constans et al., we found two common 'subtypes' of Gc1 that could not be identified by conventional electrophoretic procedures. They are labeled Gc1F and Gc1S. Gc1F has a slightly lower isoelectric point than Gc1S. In groups of US blacks the allele frequencies were for Gc1F; 0.732 and for Gc1S; 0.147. In whites these figures were 0.149 and 0.572. We also found GcAb in blacks with a frequency of 0.015. The concentrations in serum of Gc protein as measured by radial immunodiffusion did not differ according to phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the conformation of nucleotides, oligonucleotides and their analogs. III. The sin-anti-equibrium in the solution of cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine].

The method for determination of apparent rotation correlation time (tau c) on the basis of measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation rates of H(1') of the pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides both ribo- and deoxy-series after exchange of H(5) and H(6) on deuterium has been proposed. The recently suggested simple method of tau c calculation from H(5) relaxation rate was shown to lead to correct results. For cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine the sin-anti-equilibrium constans in aqueous solutions were obtained. The anti-states were favorable in both cases. The long range coupling constant 5J1'5 corroborated the quantitative appreciation from the spin-lattice relaxation rates. The correction properties of the apparent rotation correlation time calculated by the proposed method are discussed.

Cytidine↗
PubMed1976

[Avidity criteria in assessing the functional activity of antigens, antibodies and non-specific serum inhibitors on a model of the kinetic reaction of hemagglutination suppression with arboviruses].

The functional activity of some arboviruses of groups A and B, of the antibodies and serum inhibitors was studied on a model of the kinetic hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) by different avidity criteria (velocity, completeness and stability of formation of a neutral complex). The avidity indices of the antigens, antibodies and the inhibitors proved to depend on the group, species and strain peculiarities of the arboviruses, the method of preparation of the antigen, the biological species of the donor of the immune and normal blood sera, the method of treatment of the sera and a number of other factors. There proved to be no constan-correlation between the avidity of the strain and the avidity of the serum immune to it. Inhibitors of the normal rabbit and human sera were not less effective in comparison with the specific antibodies to a number of viral strains of tick-borne encephalitis and Japanese encephaliti or even exceeded them by the avidity indices to the antigens in the HAI test. The most active (functionally) strains can be recommended for obtaining high-quality viral (antigenic and serum) preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Aspartate aminotransferase of Pediococcus cerevisiae.

A five-step procedure is described for preparing highly purified aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC.2.6.1.1) from cell-freee enzyme extracts of Pediococcus cerevisiae. An overall purification of 130-fold was achieved. Some of P. cerevisiae aspartate aminotransferase properties were studied, i.s. pH optimum (7.8--8.0), optimum of temperature (37 degrees), Michaelis constans for 4 enzyme substrates and substrate specificity of enzyme. The enzyme is very thermolabile. During purification the enzyme was stabilizated by 2-oxoglutarate. The highly purified preparation was stored in the solution containing ammonium sulphate. The obtained aspartate aminotransferase preparation was free of alanine and aromatic amino acids aminotransferase activites and did not reveal malate dehydrogenase activity.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1978

Analysis of the Gc polymorphism in human populations by isoelectrofocusing on polyacrylamide gels. Demonstration of subtypes of the Gc allele and of additional Gc variants.

For the study of the group-specific component (Gc) system, serum samples were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by a newly developed immunofixation isoelectrofocusing procedure. Thereby, a greater extent of polymorphic variation was revealed than was known previously. The allele Gc1 could be subdivided into the alleles Gc1F and Gc1S. The distribution of Gc1 subtypes was very different in three populations (Pygmies, Amerindians, and Pyreneans) examined. New variants of the Gc1 and Gc2 genes were also described in the Amerindians and in the Pygmy population, respectively.

Alleles↗
PubMed1975

The excretion of proinsulin and insulin in urine.

Proinsulin-like components (PLC) and insulin have been measured in 24 hr urine samples from 8 healthy subjects. The mean excretion of PLC was 45.8 ng and that of insulin 314 ng; the PLC: insulin ratio was 0.14. Urinary PLC was increased 3.5 fold in a patient with a pancreatic islet cell tumor and the PLC: insulin ratio was 0.35. The urinary PLC: insulin ratio is lower than that of serum, presumably because of the relatively lower urinary clearance of the larger molecular weight PLC.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1975

Lead. Possible toxicity in urban vs rural rats.

The degree of lead poisoning in wild rats from two environments has been studied. Wild rats captured in an urban area had markedly elevated tissue lead compared with values in rural rats. This elevation may have been caused by differences in factors affecting absorption of ingested lead or an elevated respiratory exposure to airborne lead, or both, and lead in precipitated dust. Changes in several biologic indexes (depression of delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase in kidney and red blood cells, presence of renal intranuclear inclusion bodies, and increased kidney weight) confirmed lead-poisoning in urban rats.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

GcT (Toulouse): a fast variant of the groupspecific system in an Pyrenean family.

In the course of a genetic investigation carried out in a Pyrenean population, a family with a new allele of the Gc system was found. Electrophoretic analysis revealed a faster migrating variant with a double band pattern. Presumably, this variant represents a mutant of the Gc1 allele. The variant is transmitted as an autosomal codominant trait. This additional allele at the Gc locus is named GcT (TcToulouse).

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed2025

Characterization of FLOWERING LOCUS T-related genes and their putative gene regulatory network in semi-winter Brassica napus cultivar Zhongshaung11.

In many species, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like genes promote the floral transition by integrating environmental signals, in particular photoperiod, and internal cues. Here we show that Brassica napus contains six FT-like genes and two pseudogenes belonging to three orthogroups. All B. napus FT-like genes induce early flowering when expressed at the shoot apical meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana ft mutants; however, BnaFT.C6 and non-orthologous FT-like genes do not encode fully functional mobile florigens. In the case of BnFT.C6, the functional change is associated with a T to C amino acid change that is restricted to semi-winter accessions. Expression of orthologs of FT is photoperiod-dependent, and two distal enhancers are conserved; however, the homeologs BnaFT.A7 and BnaFT.C6 show rearrangements of DNA motifs binding NF-Y/CO and NF-Y transcriptional activator complexes between the promoter and downstream enhancers. Motif rearrangements correlate with differences in tissue-specific expression. Furthermore, homeologs with rearranged motifs could not be transactivated by B. napus CO in transient assays, although they show LD photoperiod-dependent expression. We propose that differential diurnal expression of NF-Y genes contributes to the photoperiod-dependent regulation of B. napus FT genes.

Brassica napus↗
PubMed1977

Group-specific component: evidence for two subtypes of the Gc1 gene.

A new method based on isofocusing electrophoresis in the study of the Gc (group-specific component) polymorphism, revealed differing electrophoretic patterns. These patterns can be explained by the existence of two codominant Gc1 subtypes. This hypothesis is in accordance with several family studies. These subtypes are called Gc1F and Gc1S. Eight hundred samples were analyzed, including three different populations: Caucasoid (a western Pyrenean valley), African (Pygmy Bi-Aka), and AMerindian (Quechua-Aymara, from Bolivia). These two subtype phenotypes cannot be explored with the usual technique. They were present in each population sample studied.

Africa↗
PubMed1978

Relationship between Hp1S and Hp2 gene frequencies among human populations.

In this work, we present new data on the Hp1alpha- and Hp2alpha-chains polymorphism in different populations. We confirm the singularity of the geographical distribution of the Hp2 alleles in our samples. The analysis of the results shows that a significant correlation exists in the population between the Hp1S and Hp2 gene frequencies. An additional Hp1alpha-chain variant is described in a Pyrenean sample.

Algeria↗
PubMed1975

Polymorphism of the CA-I locus of carbonic anhydrase in baboon.

Polymorphism of erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase was studied by means of the usual technique of starch gel electrophoresis in Papio papio, Papio hamadryas, Papio cynocephalus and Papio anubis. In a sample containing both Papio cynocephalus and Papio anubis, examples of the homozygote CA-Ib/CA-Ib were found. A study of parental transmission established the CA-Ib allelic form.

Alleles↗