SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Canaliculitis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Through curettage in the treatment of chronic canaliculitis.

While various techniques have been proposed for the treatment of canaliculitis, there have been no published series that evaluate the efficacy of simple curettage in the treatment of persistent or recurrent canaliculitis. We report the effectiveness of thorough, simple curettage (without canaliculotomy) in 11 patients with chronic canaliculitis. All patients had a history of canaliculitis-related symptoms for a minimum of 6 months and clinically detectable canalicular concretions before initial treatment. Thorough, simple curettage (without canaliculotomy) resolved the chronic canaliculitis in all of the patients. Ten of the 11 patients were cured with a maximum of two sessions of curettage. One patient required three treatments of curettage and silicone intubation for common canalicular narrowing to render her free of symptoms. No surgical complications occurred in any of the patients. Our report confirms the effectiveness and low morbidity of thorough curettage in the treatment of persistent or recurrent cases of canaliculitis.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

A case series on chronic canaliculitis.

INTRODUCTION: Primary chronic canaliculitis is an uncommon disease, which is often misdiagnosed and insufficiently treated. We present two cases of canaliculitis caused by two different organisms, Actinomycetes spp. and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. To the best of our knowledge, canaliculitis due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum has not been reported before. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The two cases described in this series show typical clinical features of canaliculitis with an inflamed upper canaliculus, not responsive to topical antibiotics. Appropriate treatment was delayed as they were initially treated for conjunctivitis. Both patients were treated with a canaliculotomy, with curettage and subsequent treatment with topical and systemic penicillin. The contents were sent for microbiological examination. RESULTS: There was complete resolution following treatment. Actinomyces spp. was grown from one patient as expected. However, in the second patient, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum was isolated. Although this organism was not expected, the patient did respond to similar, conventional treatment. DISCUSSION: Actinomyces spp. is a cast-forming Gram-positive anaerobe. They are difficult to isolate and identify and can cause infections of hollow spaces with formation of canaliculiths. Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) haemolyticum closely resembles Actinomyces (Corynebacterium) pyogenes. Ocular infections reported with this organism include orbital cellulitis and subperiosteal abscesses. The difficulty encountered in the isolation and identification of these organisms is discussed and the need for thorough curettage in the treatment of persistent or recurrent canaliculitis is emphasised. CONCLUSION: Chronic canaliculitis should be considered in any patient who presents with chronic or recurrent conjunctivitis. Definitive cure will not be affected until all concretions are removed, either at surgery or by mechanical expression.

Actinomycetales Infections↗

PubMed2004

Actinomyces canaliculitis: diagnosis of a masquerading disease.

BACKGROUND: To review the diagnosis and management of seven cases of Actinomyces canaliculitis. METHODS: Culture of discharge was performed in six of seven patients with Actinomyces canaliculitis using a PD Plus/F blood culture bottle. All patients were treated by canaliculotomy with curettage of dacryoliths, followed by treatment with systemic penicillin and Sulphacetamide drops over a period of 3-6 months. Part of the curetted concretions was fixed on a glass slide and part was sent to the laboratory for culture. RESULTS: Four patients were women and three men with age ranging between 43 and 90 years. The average time lapse between onset of symptoms until diagnosis was 3 years. All cases presented with epiphora, chronic conjunctivitis, palpably thickened canaliculus, and yellow punctal discharge. Diagnosis was achieved by culture of discharge in three of six cases, culture of concretions in three of five cases, and staining of dacryoliths in all seven cases. Follow-up ranged between 12 and 48 months. The canaliculitis resolved completely and all patients have patent canalicula. CONCLUSIONS: Actinomyces canaliculitis presents with epiphora, chronic purulent conjunctivitis, a palpably thickened canaliculus, and yellow punctual discharge. In suspect cases canuliculotomy and curettage should be performed, although canalicular reconstruction is generally unnecessary. Culture of discharge and concretions using PD Plus/F blood culture medium gave improved results over accepted norms. Fixation of smeared concretions on a slide in alcohol is simple and is diagnostic of the disease. We recommend long-term systemic penicillin treatment in Actinomyces canaliculitis.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMed2000

[20 MHz ultrasound diagnosis in chronic canaliculitis].

BACKGROUND: High frequency sonography is used with a medium frequency of 50 to 100 MHz for non-invasive examination of the anterior eye segment. 20-MHz probes are considered to be a cost-efficient alternative, with a lower resolution and a higher penetration depth. We examined the value of the 20-MHz probe in diagnosing chronic canaliculitis. CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old woman was evaluated for a chronic canaliculitis. A pathognomonic sign of the chronic canaliculitis was the detection of concrements by high-resolution ultrasound. Grains measuring 1-2 mm in diameter could be shown in an ecstatic canaliculus with 20-MHz sonography. The high-resolution sonography showed the extent of the ectasia of the canaliculus and was therefore useful in planing the operative strategy. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of possibilities in diagnosing chronic canaliculitis is broadened with this diagnostic tool. Specially when characteristic symptoms are missing, the 20-MHz probe may be useful in diagnosing patients with chronic canaliculitis.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMed2004

Canaliculitis: the incidence of long-term epiphora following canaliculotomy.

PURPOSE: To review the long-term outcome following surgical treatment for canaliculitis. METHODS: All cases of canaliculitis treated surgically from January 1995 to December 2001 were identified from theatre records. Case notes were reviewed retrospectively looking specifically for delay in diagnosis (defined as two or more visits prior to diagnosis), culture results and outcome following surgical treatment. Telephonic questionnaires were used to assess the incidence of post-treatment epiphora. Symptomatic patients were offered clinic appointments for further assessment and management. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients were identified, 13 were females and 2 males. Mean age was 69.6 years (range 45-87 years). One patient had both upper and lower canaliculitis. The remaining 14 (93.3%) had lower canaliculitis. Diagnosis was delayed in 7 of the 15 patients (46.6%). Culture results were positive in 66.6% with Staphylocococcus spp. being the most common isolate (26.6%). Actinomyces was isolated in only 2 of the 15 cases (13.3%). Conservative treatment had been tried in 5 cases (33.3%). All patients had resolution of symptoms following canaliculotomy. Epiphora was identified in four of the treated eyes on telephonic questionnaires. Of these, three eyes had preexisting lacrimal pathology. Average follow-up was 26 months (range 6-83 months). CONCLUSION: Canaliculotomy is safe and efficacious in the treatment of lacrimal canaliculitis with no demonstrable risk of posttreatment epiphora.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Clinical diagnosis of chronic canaliculitis by 20-MHz ultrasound.

The practical value of high-resolution ultrasound (transducer frequency of 20 MHz) in the study of the lacrimal canaliculi has been proven. It can also be used in the clinical diagnosis of chronic canaliculitis. If the classic symptoms are absent, the clinical diagnosis is often inaccurate, and treatment is insufficient. Representative images of normal cases and of chronic canaliculitis illustrate the potential of high-resolution ultrasound. In our patient, 20-MHz scanner images revealed pathological findings which were invisible during slitlamp examination. Ultrasonic images of chronic canaliculitis showed ectasia of the canaliculus and sulfur grains. High-resolution ultrasonic examination of the lacrimal drainage system demonstrated that the 20-MHz scanner used was able to show concrements (sulfur grains), measuring 1-2 mm in diameter. Such more reflective structures (like sulfur grains) are a pathognomonic sign of chronic canaliculitis. Our report confirms the efficiency of 20-MHz sonography in the diagnosis of canaliculitis without any side effects.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Electron microscope observations on the intrahepatocytic bile canalicules and sequent bile ductules in the crucian, Carassius carassius.

In the hepatic parenchyme of the crucian, Carassius carassius no interhepatocytic bile canaliculi are detected, but each hepatocyte possesses a single intracellular bile canalicule filled with microvilli protruded from the hepatocyte. The intrahepatocytic bile canalicule originates at the neighborhood of the nucleus to extend to the cell surface where it empties into the intraparenchymal biliary passage running in the interhepatocytic space. The pericanalicular cytoplasm contains many small vacuoles which have possible been elaborated in Golgi complexes and may be discharged by emiocytotic mechanism into the canaliculus, suggesting bile secretion in the crucian liver. The intercellular biliary passage consists of the terminal bile ductule composed of two elongated flat epithelial cells enclosing a narrow and twisted lumen in between; the secondary or middle-sized ductule is surrounded by three cuboidal epithelial cells, and the large bile duct by five or more cuboidal cells and a smooth muscle layer. The basal lamina is detected only in the middle-sized ductule and in the large duct. The intracellular bile canalicules attached to the proximal bile ductule by means of the junctional complex are classified into the "terminal" and "side bile canalicules"; they are attached to the proximal end and the lateral wall of the terminal bile ductule, respectively. The ectoplasmic layer bordering the intracellular bile canalicule is rich in microfilaments which partially enter microvilli, and the epithelial cells of the intercellular biliary duct system are also characterized by abundance of microfilaments. These probably contractile cytoplasmic filaments may control or accelerate bile flow through intrahepatic biliary passages. The periductular or periductal cells closely apposed to intercellular bile passages are thought to be mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts among which histiocytoid elements are intermingled.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Bilateral canaliculitis following SmartPLUG insertion for dry eye syndrome post LASIK surgery.

BACKGROUND: Dry eyes are a common symptom following LASIK corneal refractive surgery. Treatments include topical lubricants to supplement the tear film, and punctal occlusion to reduce tear outflow. Canaliculitis is a recognised complication of punctal plugs, but has not previously been described following insertion of newer generation semi-permanent intra-canalicular plugs, such as the SmartPLUG. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: We describe a 60-year-old female who underwent bilateral LASIK surgery leading to aggravation of her dry eye syndrome. She was managed with the insertion of semi-permanent intra-canalicular moldable silicone SmartPLUGs. She subsequently developed bilateral canaliculitis requiring bilateral canaliculotomy. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral canaliculitis following intra-canalicular SmartPLUG insertion. This case illustrates that punctal occlusion with the newer generation intra-canalicular plugs carries a risk of canaliculitis and that irrigation is not always effective in removing these devices.

Dacryocystitis↗

PubMed1967

A peculiar configuration of agranular reticulum (canaliculate lamellar body) in the rat pinealocyte.

A cytoplasmic structure exhibiting a peculiar configuration of agranular reticulum has been found in the rat pinealocyte, and has been designated a canaliculate lamellar body. It consists of a number of fenestrated, flat cisternae which are closely spaced. They bear some distant resemblance to the annulate lamellae previously reported in a variety of cell types. Profiles of stacks of lamellae in a plane of section always display two distinct aspects, the surface and the cross-sectional views of flat cisternae. A surface view shows the hexagonal arrangement of pores or fenestrations. The pores in successive lamellae are aligned precisely, one behind the other, so that clear, cylindrical channels are seen running perpendicular to the lamellae as indicated by transverse sections of the lamellar stacks. Large canaliculate lamellar bodies are composed of many extended series of lamellar stacks which pursue a tortuous course and cross one another. Occasionally the canaliculate lamellar body is located deep in a nuclear invagination, which reminds one of the so-called nuclear pellets (Kernkugeln) reported by light microscopy. The functional significance of the body is unknown.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Diagnosis and therapy of chronic canaliculitis].

The chronic lacrimal canaliculitis is often overlooked and unsatisfactory treated. The purpose of this long-term study (1978-1991) is to call attention to special bacteriological signs and to give recommendations for proper treatment. 54 patients (39 females and 15 males) in age from 29 to 85 years (average age of 60 years) with a chronic lacrimal canaliculitis were evaluated. "Sulfur granules" were obtained from 32 patients and 54 specimens were collected from 44 patients and processed immediately for aerobic and anaerobic cultivation as well as microscopic investigation. Altogether 100 bacteria could be isolated: 56 anaerobes, 38 aerobes as well as 6 microaerophilic and capnophilic strains, respectively. Members of the genus Actinomyces were the most often isolated anaerobes. They could be detected in specimens of 15 patients by culture and in materials of 4 patients only by microscopic study. 42 from 50 patients were permanently cured by immediate treatment according to our operative procedure despite the splitted canaliculus. The most common cause of chronic lacrimal canaliculitis is a mixed infection. Despite the characteristic clinical symptoms the laboratory evaluation should be done to provide the diagnosis. The surgical procedure leads to a permanent functional healing in a high degree.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Actinomycetes canaliculitis--case reports].

Canaliculitis is a relatively rare dacryocanal infection which occurs most unilateral. It can easily be misinterpreted and not sufficiently treated. Typical agents of the canaliculitis are actinomyces, that can cause infections of the hollow spaces with formation of concrements. The clinical courses of two patients are shown. One of them was treated for a dacryocystitis for 3 years and the other one had been referred to the eye hospital for chalazion removal. Only a microbiologic examination including cultivation of the surgically obtained dacryolithes and secretion enabled us to a reliable proof of the actinomyces and to an appropriate therapy for canaliculitis.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1997

Cast-forming Actinomyces israelii canaliculitis.

BACKGROUND: Primary chronic canaliculitis is an uncommon disease usually caused by Actinomyces israelii (streptothrix). Actinomyces israelii is a cast-forming Gram-positive anaerobe that is difficult to isolate and identify. We present a case that demonstrates the typical clinicopathological presentation of this unusual condition and discuss management options. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 10-year-old girl presented with a 6 month history of intermittent 'conjunctivitis' and discharge from her 'pouted' left lower punctum. Microbiology confirmed probable A. israelii infection, but topical treatment failed. Exploration under anaesthesia revealed a canalicular diverticulum and three canaliculiths. Histological examination of the canaliculiths demonstrated that they consisted of solid casts of Actinomyces. Punctoplasty, removal of the casts, and adjunct antibiotic therapy resulted in resolution of the canaliculitis. CONCLUSIONS: Primary chronic canaliculitis should be considered in any patient who presents with chronic or recurrent conjunctivitis and the eyelid should be inspected for a discharging and 'pouting' punctum. Failure of the condition to resolve on topical treatment requires surgical exploration of the canalicular system and removal of any casts. Extensive surgery is not always required.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1999

Lacrimal canaliculitis.

Lacrimal canaliculitis is an infection of the lacrimal duct system. The classic features of lacrimal canaliculitis are mild to severe swelling of the canaliculus, mucopurulent discharge from the punctum, and a red, pouting punctum. Canaliculotomy with systemic or topical antibiotics is the most appropriate treatment for this disorder.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMed1998

Proximal canalicular imaging utilizing ultrasound biomicroscopy B: Canaliculitis.

The proximal canaliculi can be imaged in patients with canaliculitis utilizing ultrasound biomicroscopy. The caliber of the proximal canalicular lumina, dilated by the disease process, can be evaluated. In addition, stones, debris and tissue fluid may be visualized within the system, without the need to inject a viscous material. This technique may prove to be of value in patients with mild or subclinical canaliculitis from the perspective of diagnosis. Outlining the extent of the disease process within the canaliculus may have some therapeutic value as well.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1997

Silicone punctal plug migration resulting in dacryocystitis and canaliculitis.

PURPOSE: One of the modalities of treating dry eyes is punctal plugs. They are usually used for temporary occlusion of the lacrimal drainage system. Among the complications associated with silicone punctal plugs are extrusion, downward migration, irritation, and epiphora. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dacryocystitis and canaliculitis as a result of spontaneous migration of punctal plugs into the lacrimal drainage system. METHODS: We describe the sequelae of spontaneous migration of silicone punctal plugs into the lacrimal drainage system in two patients with dry eyes. RESULTS: In two patients, spontaneous migration of silicone punctal plugs into the canaliculus or the lacrimal sac, respectively, resulted in canaliculitis or dacryocystitis. CONCLUSION: Smaller sized newer generation punctal plugs were designed to facilitate insertion; however, this design also increases the likelihood of proximal migration within the lacrimal drainage system. The importance of monitoring patients after punctal-plug placement cannot be over-emphasized.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pyogenic granuloma associated with chronic Actinomyces canaliculitis.

A case of chronic Actinomyces canaliculitis with associated pyogenic granuloma formation and bloody tears is described. Although Actinomyces is a well-known cause of canaliculitis, the authors are not aware that it has been reported in association with pyogenic granulomas.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1980

Actinomycotic canaliculitis.

Actinomycotic infection should always be considered in any patient with persistent purulent conjunctivitis of chronic canaliculitis. The clinical features, investigation including macrodacryocystography, and treatment in four patients with actinomycotic canaliculitis are presented. The difficulty of microbiological diagnosis is stressed and the occurrence of associated lacrimal obstruction is reported.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1978

Canaliculitis with isolation of Pityrosporum pachydermatis.

A case of canaliculitis with obstruction of the lacrimal canaliculus and accumulation of conglomerates is described. Pityrosporum pachydermatis was cultured from the conglomerates. To the best of our knowledge this organism has not been previously implicated in such infections. Cure was obtained by treatment with nystatin administered topically and as an irrigation of the lacrimal pathways. The possibility that the pathogenesis of the canaliculitis and obstruction of the lacrimal pathways lies in decreased function of the lacrimal pump is discussed.

Dacryocystitis↗