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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Prioritizing species conservation: does the Cape Verde kite exist?

The Cape Verde kite (Milvus milvus fasciicauda) is considered to be one of the rarest birds of prey in the world and at significant risk of extinction. For this reason there is great interest in both the taxonomic and the population status of this group. To help resolve its taxonomic status, we provide phylogenetic analyses based on three mitochondrial genes for a sampling of kites in the genus Milvus, including a broad geographical sampling of black kites (Milvus migrans), red kites (Milvus milvus), Cape Verde kite museum specimens collected between 1897 and 1924, and five kites trapped on the Cape Verde Islands during August 2002. We found that the historical Cape Verde kites, including the type specimen, were non-monophyletic and scattered within a larger red kite clade. The recently trapped kites from the Cape Verde Islands were all phylogenetically diagnosed as black kites. Our findings suggest that the traditional Cape Verde kite is not a distinctive evolutionary unit, and the case for species status, as recently suggested by others, is not supported. We do find support for recognition of at least one clade of yellow-billed kites, traditionally considered as a black kite subspecies, as a distinctive phylogenetic species.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed2006

Risk of introduction of poliovirus into a Dutch Cape Verdian community during an outbreak of poliovirus in Cape Verde, 2000.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of introduction of polio virus in a Cape Verdian community of Rotterdam, during the polio epidemic in Cape Verde in 2000. METHODS: All 225 insufficiently vaccinated 0-14-year-old Cape Verdian children (n=4188) and a random sample of 285 out of all 15-30-year-old Cape Verdians (n=5074) in Rotterdam were surveyed to assess travel behaviour and vaccination coverage. Faecal specimens were collected and sewage samples taken in neighbourhoods with a sizable Cape Verdian population for testing of polio virus. RESULTS: During the polio epidemic in Cape Verde, 10% of insufficiently vaccinated children aged 0-14 years and 17% of adults aged 15-30 years living in Rotterdam reported travelling to Cape Verde. 94.6% of Cape Verdians in Rotterdam aged 0-14 years were sufficiently vaccinated against polio, but 9 of 91 insufficiently vaccinated children had travelled to Cape Verde during the epidemic. Of those aged 15-30 years, 10% were not vaccinated against polio. In the faeces of 80 insufficiently vaccinated individuals aged 0-14 years and in 74 adults aged 15-30 years, no poliovirus was detected. Samples of sewage from six sites were negative for poliovirus. CONCLUSION: No evidence of poliovirus infection was found in the Cape Verde population in Rotterdam despite extensive travel to the Cape Verde during the outbreak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Resistance to antibiotics in humans and animals on the Cape Verde Islands.

From the Cape Verde Islands no studies are known about an efficient treatment with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. Because of this human samples and samples of domestic animals were collected, the different bacterias were isolated and the antibiograms were analyzed by agar-diffusions-test. The human samples consisted of wound-, eye-, anal-, vaginal- and throat-smears, the animal samples consisted of jaw-, anal- and wound-smears. the aim of these investigations was to make efficient treatment with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics possible. The best efficacy had Cefotaxim, Gentamicin and Trimethoprim + Sulfonamid. Very poor were Penicillin G, Aminopenicillin and Cephalexin.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Explosive radiation of Cape Verde Conus, a marine species flock.

Nearly 50 species of the marine gastropod genus Conus are restricted to the Cape Verde archipelago. This unusual concentration of endemics within a single set of oceanic islands is extremely uncharacteristic of marine taxa. Here we used phylogenetic analyses of 90 Conus species, including 30 endemics from Cape Verde, to reveal the relationships and origins of the endemic Cape Verde Conus. Results show that these species group in two distinct clades and represent a marine species flock that is restricted to a very narrowly confined geographical area. Species' originations occurred in exceptionally limited parts of the archipelago and in some cases radiations took place solely within single islands. Finally, comparison of levels of divergence between Cape Verde endemics and other Conus species suggests that the radiation of Conus in Cape Verde occurred during the last few million years.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1988

On the drinking water situation on the Cape Verde Islands (Islands of Santiago).

On the Cape Verde Islands drinking water investigations were made. The drinking water was tested in chemical and bacteriological respects as well as on amoebas and rotaviruses. The isolated germs were investigated on their reaction against several antibiotics and chemotherapeutics by means of the agar diffusion test. The changing of drinking water quality from water supply places to households was investigated as well. The results make evident the urgency of extensive sanitations of water supply places on the Cape Verde Islands.

Amoeba↗
PubMed1989

On the drinking water situation on the Cape Verde Islands (Island of Santiago).

On the Cape Verde Islands drinking water investigations were made. The drinking water was tested in chemical and bacteriological respects as well as on amebas and rotaviruses. The isolated germs were investigated on their reaction against several antibiotics and chemotherapeutics by means of the agar diffusion test. The changing of drinking water quality from water-supply-places to the households was investigated as well. According to the fact, that only 10.6% of 207 public water supplies investigated show drinking water quality after ONORM, and that nearly 30% and 80.2% of them contained E. coli and coliforme germs respectively, the urgency of extensive sanitations of water supplies on the Cape Verde Islands is evident.

Amoeba↗
PubMed2005

Patterns of cladogenesis in the venomous marine gastropod genus Conus from the Cape Verde islands.

Isolated oceanic archipelagos are excellent model systems to study speciation, biogeography, and evolutionary factors underlying the generation of biological diversity. Despite the wealth of studies documenting insular speciation, few of them focused on marine organisms. Here, we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among species of the marine venomous gastropod genus Conus from the Cape Verde archipelago. This small island chain located in the Central Atlantic hosts 10% of the worldwide species diversity of Conus. Analyses were based on mtDNA sequences, and a novel nuclear marker, a megalin-like protein, member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family. The inferred phylogeny recovered two well-defined clades within Conus. One includes Cape Verde endemic species with larger shells, known as the "venulatus" complex together with C. pulcher from the Canary Islands. The other is composed of Cape Verde endemic and West Africa and Canary Island "small" shelled species. In both clades, nonendemic Conus were resolved as sister groups of the Cape Verde endemics, respectively. Our results indicate that the ancestors of "small" and "large" shelled lineages independently colonized Cape Verde. The resulting biogeographical pattern shows the grouping of most Cape Verde endemics in monophyletic island assemblages. Statistical tests supported a recent radiation event within the "small shell" clade. Using a molecular clock, we estimated that the colonization of the islands by the "small" shelled species occurred relatively close to the origin of the islands whereas the arrival of "large" shelled Conus is more recent. Our results suggest that the main factor responsible for species diversity in the archipelago may be allopatric speciation promoted by the reduced dispersal capacity of nonplanktonic lecithotrophic larvae.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed2001

Phylogeography of Cape Verde Island skinks (Mabuya).

The Cape Verde Islands are of volcanic origin with most having appeared between the early Miocene and mid-Pleistocene. They contain six known species of Mabuya skinks. Phylogeographical relationships within and among the relatively widespread taxa M. stangeri, M. spinalis and M. delalandii were inferred, based on approximately 1 kbp of the cytochrome b gene (mitochondrial DNA). Reciprocal monophyly of M. spinalis and M. stangeri was established, which may have arisen from an early Pliocene/late Miocene cladogenetic event. Considerable between-island sequence divergence was detected among M. spinalis, which appears to have colonized the older islands (Sal and Boavista) first. Much lower sequence divergence was found in M. delalandii, indicating a more recent range expansion. Here, evidence points to colonization of the younger islands of Brava and Fogo soon after appearance. There are similarities between some of the described patterns and those seen in lizards from the Canary Islands.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed2001

Parallel gigantism and complex colonization patterns in the Cape Verde scincid lizards Mabuya and Macroscincus (Reptilia: Scincidae) revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences.

The scincid lizards of the Cape Verde islands comprise the extinct endemic giant Macroscincus coctei and at least five species of Mabuya, one of which, Mabuya vaillanti, also had populations with large body size. Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences derived from the mitochondrial cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase I and 12S rRNA genes (711, 498 and 378 base pairs (bp), respectively) corroborates morphological evidence that these species constitute a clade and that Macroscincus is unrelated to very large skinks in other areas. The relationships are ((M. vaillanti and Mabuya delalandii) (Mabuya spinalis and Macroscincus coctei (Mabuya fogoensis nicolauensis (Mabuya fogoensis antaoensis and Mabuya stangeri)))). The Cape Verde archipelago was colonized from West Africa, probably in the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene period. The north-eastern islands were probably occupied first, after which the ancestor of M. vaillanti and M. delalandii may have originated on Boavista, the ancestor of the latter species arriving on Santiago or Fogo later. The M. fogoensis--M. stangeri clade colonized the islands of Branco, Razo, Santa Luzia and São Vicente from São Nicolau and reached Santo Antão after this. Colonization of these northeastern islands was slow, perhaps because the recipient islands had not developed earlier or because colonization cut across the path of the Canary Current and the Northeast Trade Winds, the main dispersing agents in the region. Rapid extension of range into the southwestern islands occurred later in M. spinalis and then in M. vaillanti and M. delalandii. The long apparent delay between the origin of these species and their southwestern dispersal may have been because there were earlier colonizations of the southern islands which excluded later ones until the earlier inhabitants were exterminated by volcanic or climatic events. The evolution of large size in Macroscincus occurred in the northwestern islands and was paralleled in the eastern and southern islands by populations of M. vaillanti. Both cases of size increase in Cape Verde skinks were accompanied by the development of herbivory.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Psychosocial concomitants of loneliness among students of Cape Verde and Portugal.

This research is an examination of the relationship between loneliness and a number of psychosocial variables (e.g., affective state, cultural issues, gender, age) among adolescents and young adults from Cape Verde and Portugal. Two studies are presented. The participants in the first study were 285 adolescents from Cape Verde and 202 from Portugal, and in the second study there were 134 college students from Cape Verde and 112 from Portugal. The following instruments were administered to all the participants in both studies: The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (D. Russell, L. Peplau, & C. Cutrona, 1980), the Neuroticism Scale (J. Barros, 1999), the Optimism Scale (J. Barros, 1998), the Social Anxiety subscale (A. Fenigstein, M. Scheier, & A. Buss, 1975), and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (E. Diener, R. Emmons, R. Larsen, & S. Griffin, 1985). No ethnic or gender differences were found for loneliness between the two groups. For both groups, the most prominent predictors of loneliness were neuroticism and dissatisfaction with life. However, as expected, the adolescent group recorded higher scores for loneliness than did the college students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Risk factors for perinatal death in Cape Verde.

Risk factors for perinatal death in the Cape Verde islands were assessed among 104 bereaved mothers and 292 mothers of surviving infants in an area-based case-control study in 1992-93. Prospectively gathered information on risk factors was obtained from medical records supplemented with post-partum interviews and anthropometric measurements of mothers and infants. No autopsies were performed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied. Out of 23 alleged maternal and two alleged infant risk factors, the following seven proved significantly and independently correlated with perinatal death: first pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9); previous hypertensive disease (OR = 4.2); previous perinatal death (OR = 4.6); pre-eclampsia (OR = 7.0); non-cephalic fetal presentation (OR = 17.1); male infant (OR = 2.1) and maternal post-partum fever (OR = 3.1). The perinatal mortality rate was calculated as 37-46/1000 total births. A reduction in the mortality rate warrants antenatal and obstetric care with emphasis on primiparous women; improved detection and treatment of hypertensive disorders and genital infections; and improved intrapartum fetal observation and resuscitation routines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Further serological investigations in humans and domestic animals on the Cape Verde Islands (Q-fever, brucellosis, listeriosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, yersiniosis, toxoplasmosis and chlamydia of PLT-group).

439 sera of domestic animals and various number (150-500) of human sera of the Cape Verde Islands were examined for antibodies against Coxiella burnetti, Brucella abortus, B.melitensis, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, S.flexneri, S. boydii, S.sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni, C.fetus ssp. intestinalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia of the PLT-group. It could be shown, that on the Cape Verde Islands there is to be counted with numerous zoonoses due to various microorganisms in man as well as in domestic animals. Q-Fever examination showed exceedingly high positivity of human sera (81.6%) and those of domestic animals (84.7%). One of the main reasons for the wide distribution of infectious diseases, especially diarrhoeal diseases such as Shigellosis, Yersiniosis and Campylobacter infections as well as Salmonellosis and Amebiasis on the Islands is the bad hygienic situation, an improvement of which as well as an intensification of research work, health education and a better medical care would be essential for the control of communicable diseases on the Cape Verde Islands.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Maternal risk factors for preterm birth and low birthweight in Cape Verde.

BACKGROUND: Fifteen years after the implementation of an antenatal risk screening program in Cape Verde, the first assessment of an association between maternal obstetric characteristics and preterm birth or low birthweight (LBW) infants was undertaken. METHODS: A cohort of 353 systematically selected antenatal clinic attenders in the county of Praia, Cape Verde, was studied prospectively during the period October 1991 through December 1992. The cohort was followed past the perinatal period and information was obtained according to a pretested structured questionnaire. In the analysis of preterm birth and LBW, multiple logistic regression was listed to estimate the relative risks of ll background variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks) was 12%, and the prevalence of LBW infants was 8%. Low birthweight (<2500 grams) was significantly associated with low maternal age (< or = 19 years, RR=3.7); nulliparity (RR=5.2) and obstetric history of previous LBW infant (RR-6.5). The risk of preterm birth was significantly increased if the woman had an obstetric history of hypertension or convulsions (RR=2.6). CONCLUSIONS: In the setting studied, teenage women and women with previous pregnancy hypertension should be given selective attention in antenatal care to achieve improved pregnancy outcome. Primary prevention is needed to lower the prevalence of teenage pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Anthropometric assessment of the nutritional status of preschool-age children in Cape Verde.

The nutritional status of preschool-age children (0-6 years old) in Cape Verde was assessed using anthropometric measurements in a survey that involved 17 017 children from all regions of the country. About 26% of the estimated population in the target age group was included. Data were collected through primary health care centres during the latter part of 1983. The nutritional indicators weight-for-height, weight-for-age, and height-for-age were compared with reference data from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Values of the indicators below -2 standard deviations of the median were considered to represent moderate undernutrition, while values below -3 standard deviations were taken to indicate severe malnutrition.The prevalence of low weight-for-height (wasting) was 2.5%, while that of severe wasting was 0.6%. The corresponding prevalences of low height-for-age and weight-for-age were 13.1% and 17.2%, respectively, with severe categories representing 2.3% and 6.1%, respectively, of the cases in the total sample. There is therefore a relatively strong tendency towards growth retardation or chronic, moderate nutritional deprivation in preschool-age children in Cape Verde, although there exist interregional variations.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1998

[Apropos of 1 case of hepatogastric fascioliasis in Cape Verde].

The authors report a case of Fascioliasis sp. distomiasis with a double hepatic and gastric location primitively associated with a gastric cancer metastazed to the liver. The parasitic origin of the lesions suspected from the histological specimen of the gastric biopsy (the presence of eggs) was confirmed by serology with the presence of the arc 2 specific to immunoelectrophoretic analysis, while the parasitological examination of the stools was always negative. The patient grew well after a day's cure of triclabendazole (375 mg x 2). Although the ectopic locations of Fascioliasis are classic, they are usually in the abdominal wall, less frequently in the gastric or colic wall. The fact that the contamination originated on the Cape Verde is indiscutable, since the patient had never left the island. It is the 5th case described in medical literature, thus confirming the presence of Fasciola hepatica (or gigantica) on the islands of the Cape Verde, whose population is of both Portuguese and African origin and has kept the eating habits of the former colonial power (Portugal is a zone of high endemicity for human fascioliasis). It would be interesting to look for Limnaea and contaminated bovine on the Cape Verde islands.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1989

A survey of leptospirological studies carried out on the Cape Verde Islands.

The authors subjected 611 human sera, 1295 sera of domestic and 211 sera of wild living animals from two islands of the Cape Verde archipelago to serological tests for leptospirosis. Among the human sera 7.2% reacted positively. Antibodies to L. bratislava of the serogroup Australis were most frequent (59.1% of all positive sera). Antibodies to L. icterohaemorrhagiae were found in 1.3% of the sera tested, to L. sejroe in 1.1%, to L. canicola in 0.7%, to L. pyrogenes in 0.3% and to L. pomona, L. bulgarica and L. grippotyphosa in 0.2% each. The existence of natural foci of leptospiroses could not be proved since tests of 211 wild-living mammals were all negative. The investigation of domestic animal sera showed a positivity of 3.1% with goats being positive most frequently (85% of all positive sera), followed by donkeys with 3.3% and cattle with 2.0%. Sera of dogs, sheep and pigs were all negative. The results indicate that anthropurgic foci exist on the Cape Verde Islands.

Animals↗