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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Preliminary studies on chemotaxonomy of Caprifoliaceae L].

OBJECTIVE: To study the taxonomy of Caprifoliaceae. METHOD: Using chemotaxonomical methods to discuss the distribution characteristics of chemical constituents in Caprifoliaceae family. RESULTS: Iridoids and flavonoids were confirmed as the characteristic constituents of Caprifoliaceae family. CONCLUSION: Though there are great deviations among the genera of Caprifoliaceae family, it is not recommended to separate genus Sambucus and genus Viburnum from Caprifoliaceae family.

Caprifoliaceae↗
PubMed2026

Pervasive hybridization and introgression in Diervilleae (Caprifoliaceae).

Diervilleae (Caprifoliaceae) is a horticulturally important lineage with striking floral diversity and a long history of interspecific crossing, suggesting reticulate evolution. We integrated nuclear SNPs and whole plastome data to reconstruct a phylogenomic backbone for the tribe and to identify hybrids, cultivated accessions, and introgression among lineages. Nuclear and plastid phylogenies consistently recover Weigela and Diervilla as reciprocally monophyletic and resolve four major lineages within Weigela, providing a reproducible framework for revising sectional limits and species boundaries. Cultivated accessions form a well supported clade sister to W. florida and show predominantly W. florida ancestry while retaining contributions from multiple wild lineages, consistent with recurrent crossing, backcrossing, and selection. Analyses of wild populations reveal recurrent hybrids and enable plausible parental combinations to be inferred. Tests across the genome further indicate strong evidence for historical introgression across Diervilleae, with the strongest signals involving W. middendorffiana, W. maximowiczii, and Diervilla. Fossil evidence, divergence time estimation, and paleodistribution modelling together suggest range expansion during the Miocene and Pliocene followed by climate driven contraction, providing a spatiotemporal context for episodic contact, introgression, and the East Asia-North America disjunction.

Hybridization, Genetic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenolic acids from Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake (Caprifoliaceae).

The leaves, flowers and fruits of Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake (Caprifoliaceae) were analysed for the presence of phenolic acids. Eleven free and liberated by hydrolysis phenolic acids were identified by TLC, HPLC and spectral (UV) methods. Moreover, the HPLC method was applied for the quantitative determination of phenolic acids in the analysed fractions.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High RAPD but no cpDNA sequence variation in the endemic and endangered plant, Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. (Caprifoliaceae).

Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. is an endangered species endemic to China and has suffered rapid decrease of distribution range and population size. This species has been disappeared in central China where the modal specimen was collected. We analyzed the genetic variation of the remaining populations to reveal whether the genetic diversity also suffered decrease and to provide some suggestions for conservation. All the nine known remaining populations were sampled. Genetic variation was analyzed based on RAPD markers and two fragments of cpDNA sequence, intergenic spacers of petG-trnP and trnS-trnG. No variation was observed in the two fragments of cpDNA sequence. However, the species exhibited high level of RAPD variation compared to other threatened or rare plants. Measures of genetic diversity within populations were strongly related to the log of estimated population size, indicating that large populations usually have more genetic diversity than that of small ones. About 25% of the variation was partitioned among populations. Significant relationship was observed between differentiation and geographical distance, indicating a pattern of isolation-by-distance. Given for few populations remaining, all the populations should be protected and urgent efforts be paid on the small populations to avoid their local extinction.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2025

The plastid genome of the critically endangered Valeriana trinervis (= Centranthus trinervis) and insights from comparison with other Valeriana plastomes (Caprifoliaceae).

The first complete plastid genome of the critically endangered species Valeriana trinervis was sequenced, assembled and compared with other published Valeriana plastomes. In this study, we assembled the plastid genome of the critically endangered, endemic species Valeriana trinervis (= Centranthus trinervis) and compare it with all published plastomes of Valeriana. We found not only differences in the inverted repeats boundaries, in the type and abundance of repeats, but also similarities in codon usage and microsatellite numbers. We detected non-canonical start codons in several genes and identified variation in several regions that could be useful for phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. The phylogenetic tree inference based on both full plastomes and coding sequence data indicated that V. trinervis is sister to all Eurasian Valeriana accessions confirming the phylogenetic position recently investigated. This is the first plastome available for a species of the Mediterranean clade of Valeriana previously known as Centranthus, and it adds further data to understand the evolution and diversification of this systematically debated genus.

Genome, Plastid↗
PubMed2000

Sambunigrin and cyanogenic variability in populations of Sambucus canadensis L. (Caprifoliaceae).

The presence or absence of cyanogenic glycosides was determined for individuals from nine populations of Sambucus canadensis L. (elderberry) of east-central Illinois. In most of the populations tested, all or most of the individuals did not produce these compounds, in one, all were cyanogenic, whereas in another population this trait was highly variable. Addition of the enzyme emulsin to negative tests did not result in any further release of cyanide. The glycoside responsible is (S)-sambunigrin.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Antinociceptive and uterine relaxant activities of Viburnum toronis alive (Caprifoliaceae).

Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanolic leaf extracts of Viburnum toronis Killip et Smith were studied. From the petroleum ether extract, fatty acids of methyl esters such as methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate and methyl araquidonate were identified by means of GC-MS. From the ethyl acetate extract, 2-methylbutanoic, 2-methyl-2-butenoic, 3-methylbutanoic acids and 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentanone were identified by means of GC-MS. Through the isolated organ technique, uterine relaxant was verified; and through the method of writhings induced by acetic acid, the antinociceptive activity of methanolic extracts and the extract in ethyl acetate were verified. It was found that the extract in ethyl acetate showed the greatest in both uterine relaxant and antinociceptive activity at doses of 250 mg/kg.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2004

Complex combination of seed dormancy and seedling development determine emergence of Viburnum tinus (Caprifoliaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The shrub Viburnum tinus is widely distributed in mattoral vegetation of the Mediterranean basin. The purpose of the present study was to classify the seed dormancy type and examine the requirements for embryo growth, root protrusion and shoot emergence. METHODS: Overwintered fruits were collected in western Spain in April 2001 and prepared in three ways: entire pericarp was removed, exocarp and mesocarp were removed or fruits were left intact. Fruits treated in these three ways were subjected to artificial annual temperature cycles or to constant temperature regimes for 1.5 years. KEY RESULTS: Removal of exocarp and mesocarp was necessary for embryo growth and germination. High temperature favoured dormancy alleviation and embryo growth, intermediate to low temperatures favoured root protrusion, and intermediate temperature shoot emergence. There was substantial germination at constant temperature regimes, indicating an overlap between temperature intervals suitable for the different stages of embryo and seedling development. Functionally, V. tinus has the same root and shoot emergence pattern that is described for other Viburnum species considered to have epicotyl dormancy. However, the requirement for high and low temperatures for radicle protrusion and epicotyl emergence, respectively, was missing in V. tinus; these characters are the foundation for the epicotyl dormancy classification. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that V. tinus does not have epicotyl dormancy. Instead, there is a combination of a weak morphophysiological dormancy and a slow germination process, where different temperatures during an annual cycle favour different development stages. The present study suggests that the first complete seedlings would emerge in the field 1.5 years after fruit maturation in October, i.e. seed dispersal during winter, embryo growth during the first summer, root protrusion and establishment during the second autumn and winter, and cotyledon emergence during the second spring.

Germination↗
PubMed2000

Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two North American and one Eurasian species of Sambucus (Caprifoliaceae) with underdeveloped spatulate embryos.

In contrast to previous reports, the endocarps ("seed coats") of Sambucus species are not impermeable to water; thus, the seeds do not have physical dormancy. Seeds of the North American species Sambucus canadensis and S. pubens and of the European species S. racemosa have spatulate shaped embryos that are ∼60% fully developed (elongated) at seed maturity. The embryo has to extend to the full length of the seed to germinate. Embryos in freshly matured seeds of S. canadensis and in those of S. pubens grew better at 25°/15°C than at 5°C, whereas the rate of embryo growth in S. racemosa was higher at 5°C than at 25°/15°C. Seeds of all three species germinated to significantly higher percentages in light (14-h photoperiod) than in darkness. Fresh seeds of neither species germinated during 2 wk of incubation over a range of thermoperiods. Warm followed by cold stratification broke dormancy in seeds of S. canadensis and in those of S. pubens. Thus, seeds of these two North American species have deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). In comparison, seeds of the European species S. racemosa required a cold stratification period only for dormancy break, and thus they have intermediate complex MPD. GA(3) was much more effective in breaking dormancy in seeds of S. racemosa than it was in those of S. canadensis or S. pubens.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Karyotype of blue honeysuckle species (Lonicera subset. Caeruleae, Caprifoliaceae].

For the first time the karyotypes of diploid (2n = 2x = 18) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) species of Lonicera from the Caeruleae subsection: L. altaica Pall., L. boczkarnikowii Plekh. (L. regeliana Boczkarn.), L. edulis Turcz. ex Freyn (2x, 4x), L. emphyllocalyx Maxim., L. iliensis Pojark., L. kamtschatica Pojark., L. pallasii Ledeb., L. stenantha Pojark., L. turczaninowii Pojark., L. villosa (2x, 4x) (Michx.) Muhl. are described. The species karyotypes from 23 natural populations have shown the considerable generic resemblance that expressed in the similar chromosome morphology and variation range of their length from 1 to 3 microns. The species with the same level of ploidy had the same karyotype formula: 2m + 6sm + 1st in diploids and 4m + 11sm + 3st in tetraploids, respectively. The amphiploid origin of the tetraploid Lonicera species has been shown. Diploid and tetraploid forms of L. edulis and L. villosa were the particular karyotypes but not the 2x and 4x races of the same species, respectively. Specific differences were revealed in the total chromosome length in the haploid set and in the number of satellites and secondary constrictions. Generic resemblance and specific peculiarities of Lonicera karyotypes indicate a common center of the blue honeysuckle origin and a common initial population of karyotypes which evolved into several phylogenetic branches of the Caeruleae subsection: the Central Asiatic--L. iliensis and L. stenantha; the Siberian--L. altaica, L. edulis, and L. pallasii; the Beringian--L. emphyllocalyx, L. kamtschatica, and L. villosa; the Manchurian--L. boczkarnikowii (L. regeliana), and L. turczaninowii.

Chromosomes, Plant↗
PubMed2003

Phylogeny of the Dipsacales s.l. based on chloroplast trnL-F and ndhF sequences.

Sequences of the chloroplast trnL-F region and 3(') end ndhF gene were used to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and the delimitation of families within Dipsacales s.l. Parsimony analyses of individual and combined data were conducted using maximum parsimony method. The most parsimonious tree based on combined trnL-F and 3(') end ndhF data set recognizes seven major clades of Dipsacales s.l. with the following relationships: Apiales (Adoxaceae ((Diervillaceae, Caprifoliaceae s.str.) (Linnaeaceae (Morinaceae (Dipsacaceae, Valerianaceae))))). Both Sambucus and Viburnum have close relationships with Adoxaceae, supporting their inclusion in this family. Caprifoliaceae s.l. (excluding Sambucus and Viburnum) is polyphyletic, and comprises three clades or families, i.e., Linnaeaceae (Abelia, Dipelta, Kolkwitzia, and Linnaea), Diervillaceae (Weigela and Diervilla) and Caprifoliaceae s.str. (Heptacodium, Leycesteria, Lonicera, Symphoricarpos, and Triosteum). This study focuses on the systematic position of Heptacodium, Triplostegia, and Morinaceae; and suggests that Heptacodium is closely related to the other Caprifoliaceae s.str.; Triplostegia is a sister to Dipsacaceae; Morinaceae, which has an affinity with Dipsacaceae, is possibly a sister group with Dipsacaceae-Valerianaceae clade. Our results are highly congruent with those of and.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Lonicera Implexa leaves bearing naturally laid eggs of the specialist herbivore Euphydryas Aurinia have dramatically greater concentrations of iridoid glycosides than other leaves.

We tested in the field the hypothesis that the specialist butterfly Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Melitaeinae) lays eggs on leaves of Lonicera implexa (Caprifoliaceae) plants with greater iridoid concentrations. We conducted our investigations in a Mediterranean site by analyzing leaves with and without naturally laid egg clusters. There were no significant differences in iridoid glycoside concentrations between leaves from plants that did not receive eggs and the unused leaves from plants receiving eggs, a fact that would seem to indicate that E. aurinia butterflies do not choose plants for oviposition by their iridoid content. However, the leaves of L. implexa that bore egg clusters had dramatically greater (over 15-fold) concentrations of iridoid glycosides than the directly opposite leaves on the same plant. These huge foliar concentrations of iridoids (15% leaf dry weight) may provide specialist herbivores with compounds that they either sequester for their own defense or use as a means of avoiding competition for food from generalist herbivores. Nevertheless, it may still be possible that these high concentrations are detrimental to the herbivore, even if the herbivore is a specialist feeder on the plant.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Distribution and contents of phenolic compounds in eighteen Scandinavian berry species.

Berries contain a wide range of phenolic compounds in different conjugated forms, a fact that makes their simultaneous analysis a difficult task. In this work, soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in 18 species of berries by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with diode array detection. The analytical results and literature data were used for the identification of the predominant conjugated hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonol glycosides, and anthocyanins in berries from six families, viz. Grossulariaceae, Ericaceae, Rosaceae, Empetraceae, Elaeagnaceae, and Caprifoliaceae. The study showed distinctive similarities among berry species of the same family in the distribution of conjugated forms of phenolic compounds but differences in chromatographic profiles of conjugates and compositions of aglycones especially in the case of anthocyanins. The chromatographic profiles of chokeberry and the related sweet rowanberry (Rosaceae) were exceptionally similar. These data are informative to studies on the authenticity of berry raw materials as well as to those on the evaluation of berries as sources of phenolic compounds.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2001

Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries.

Anthocyanins from tart cherries, Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae) cv. Balaton and Montmorency; sweet cherries, Prunus avium L. (Rosaceae); bilberries, Vaccinum myrtillus L. (Ericaceae); blackberries, Rubus sp. (Rosaceae); blueberries var. Jersey, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae); cranberries var. Early Black, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. (Ericaceae); elderberries, Sambucus canadensis (Caprifoliaceae); raspberries, Rubus idaeus (Rosaceae); and strawberries var. Honeoye, Fragaria x ananassa Duch. (Rosaceae), were investigated for cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The presence and levels of cyanidin-3-glucosylrutinoside 1 and cyanidin-3-rutinoside 2 were determined in the fruits using HPLC. The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from cherries was comparable to the commercial antioxidants, tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole, and superior to vitamin E, at a test concentration of 125 microg/ml. Anthocyanins from raspberries and sweet cherries demonstrated 45% and 47% cyclooxygenase-I and cyclooxygenase-II inhibitory activities, respectively, when assayed at 125 microg/ml. The cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities of anthocyanins from these fruits were comparable to those of ibuprofen and naproxen at 10 microM concentrations. Anthocyanins 1 and 2 are present in both cherries and raspberry. The yields of pure anthocyanins 1 and 2 in 100 g Balaton and Montmorency tart cherries, sweet cherries and raspberries were 21, 16.5; 11, 5; 4.95, 21; and 4.65, 13.5 mg, respectively. Fresh blackberries and strawberries contained only anthocyanin 2 in yields of 24 and 22.5 mg/100 g, respectively. Anthocyanins 1 and 2 were not found in bilberries, blueberries, cranberries or elderberries.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2005

Inhibitory effect of coumarins from Weigela subsessilis on low density lipoprotein oxidation.

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to be a major factor in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we found that coumarins isolated from Weigela subsessilis (Caprifoliaceae) inhibited LDL oxidation mediated by either catalytic copper ions (Cu2+) or free radicals generated with the azo compound 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH). Of the coumarins tested, scopoletin (1) and cleomiscosin A (2) increased the lag time of conjugated diene formation and inhibited the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it was found that compounds 1 and 2 had the capacity to protect the fragmentation of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100). These results suggest that W. subsessilis and its active coumarins, 1 and 2, may have a role to play in preventing the LDL oxidation involved in atherogenesis.

Caprifoliaceae↗
PubMed2004

Inhibition of trypsin-induced mast cell activation by water fraction of Lonicera japonica.

Lonicera japonica Thunb.(Caprifoliaceae) has long been known as an anti-inflammatory. In the present study, the effect of water fraction of Lonicera japonica (LJ) on trypsin-induced mast cell activation was examined. HMC-1 cells were stimulated with trypsin (100 nM) in the presence or absence of LJ (10, 100, and 1000 microg/mL). TNF-alpha and tryptase production were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-PCR. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was assessed by Western blot. Trypsin activity was measured by using Bz-DL-Arg-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) as substrate. LJ (10, 100, and 1000 microg/mL) inhibited TNF-alpha secretion in a dose-dependent manner. LJ (10, 100, and 1000 microg/mL) also inhibited TNF-alpha and tryptase mRNA expression in trypsin-stimulated HMC-1. Furthermore, LJ inhibited trypsin-induced ERK phosphorylation. However, LJ did not affect the trypsin activity even 1000 microg/mL. These results indicate that LJ may inhibit trypsin-induced mast cell activation through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation than the inhibition of trypsin activity.

Cell Line, Tumor↗
PubMed2004

Arum- and Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas in a mixed pine forest on sand dune soil in Niigata Prefecture, central Honshu, Japan.

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are the most widespread mycorrhiza in nature and form two morphologies, Arum- and Paris-type. The determining factors defining the two different morphologies are not well understood. In this study, the distribution of Arum- and Paris-type AM was determined in a mixed pine forest. A total of 35 plant species belonging to 20 families and 32 genera were identified and examined for AM colonization and morphological types. AM morphological types in 14 families were confirmed as follows: Arum-type in Rosaceae, Oleaceae, Lauraceae, Vitaceae and Compositae, Paris-type in Aquifoliaceae, Ulmaceae, Araliaceae, Theaceae, Magnoliaceae, Rubiaceae and Dioscoraceae, and both and/or intermediate types in Caprifoliaceae and Gramineae. Plant families whose AM morphological status was previously unknown were clarified as follows: Polygonaceae and Commelinaceae showed Arum-type morphology; Celastraceae, Menispermaceae and Elaeagnaceae had typical Paris-type morphology. The proportion of Arum-type to Paris-type species decreased in the following order: annuals > perennials > deciduous species > evergreen species, and pioneer group > early successional group > late successional group. Evergreen plants had a higher tendency to form Paris-type AM than annuals, perennials and deciduous plants. The results indicate that environmental changes, such as shade during plant succession, control the distribution of plant growth forms in mixed pine forest and may also play a part in the distribution of Arum- and Paris-type morphology. The identity of the plant seems to strongly influence AM morphology, though control by the fungal genome cannot be ruled out.

Japan↗