PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Cardiovascular Abnormalities”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Sodium valproate-induced cardiovascular abnormalities in the Jcl:ICR mouse fetus: peak sensitivity of gestational day and dose-dependent effect.

Sodium valproate was administered to Jcl:ICR mice in order to determine its effect on cardiovascular development. A single dose of 600 mg/kg of sodium valproate was injected intraperitoneally on gestational days 6, 7, 8, or 9. In same animals, a single dose of 300, 400, 500, or 700 mg/kg was injected on gestational day 7. On day 18 of gestation, dams were laparotomized to observe number of live, dead and resorbed fetuses. In addition, live fetuses were examined for cardiovascular abnormalities. Although cardiovascular abnormalities were noted in 3% of live fetuses and in 26% of litters in the group treated on day 6 (600 mg/kg), there was no significant difference from the control group, suggests that there may have been a biologically significant increase, although not a statistically significant increase. Cardiovascular abnormalities were found in 30%, 11%, and 8% of live fetuses in the groups treated with 600 mg/kg on days 7, 8, and 9, respectively. These represented a statistically significant increase in effects as opposed to the control groups. Among the varying dosages administered on day 7 of gestation, cardiovascular abnormalities occurred in 2%, 6%, 16%, and 36% of live fetuses in groups treated with 300, 400, 500, and 700 mg/kg, respectively, showing a significant dose-dependent increase. These cardiovascular abnormalities observed were divided into the following groups: ventricular septal defect, endocardial cushion defect, transposition of the great arteries, double outlet right ventricle, tricuspid atresia, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Maternal death did not occur at any treatment level.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular abnormalities in thoracopagus twins: embryological interpretation and review.

The cardiovascular abnormalities of two sets of thoracopagus twins with conjoined heart and liver are described and compared with 27 well documented cases. An embryological interpretation of the cardiovascular abnormalities is suggested. The common heart in both sets showed a common atrium and two ventricles. In case 1 the great arteries were L. malposed in twin A. In case 2 the great arteries originated from their respective double outlet single ventricle. The systemic and pulmonary veins drained directly into the common atrium in case 1 and indirectly via systemic veins in case 2. The type of cardiovascular abnormalities are complex and discordent from one set to another and in the same set. However among 27 published cases of thoracopagus twins, cardiac union, including atrial union with separate ventricles, or atrial and ventricular union, was encountered in 16 cases. Approximately 90% of them are not suitable for surgical separation because of the high degree of cardiac union and the complexity of cardiovascular abnormalities. Surgical separation could be attempted in only two cases, but at the cost of the life of one of the twins.

Aorta↗
PubMed1976

Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Cardiovascular abnormalities were present in 11 of 48 (23%) patients with congeital diaphragmatic hernia. Cardiac abnormalities included congenital heart disease, compression of a major vascular structure, cardiac malposition, and abnormalities in pulmonary circulation. The differential diagnosis between isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia and coexisting cardiac abnormality may be difficult and may require echocardiographic or invasive studies. Mortality in infants with diaphragmatic hernia and cardiovascular abnormalities is 73% in contrast to 27% in those without cardiac abnormalities.

Aortic Coarctation↗
PubMed1993

Cardiovascular abnormalities in sepsis.

The cardiovascular response in sepsis is the result of subcellular dysfunction and impaired metabolism from the complex interaction of cytokine and mediator with cellular involvement. The typical cardiovascular abnormalities seen are tachycardia, hypotension (relative decrease in preload), increased cardiac index, decrease in left ventricular stroke work index, decrease in ejection fraction (which is load dependent), and an apparent decrease in contractility. After augmentation of preload, the ventricles dilate in a response similar to the Frank-Starling mechanism. By challenging these patients with the augmentation of preload and contractility to increase oxygen delivery would theoretically minimize microcirculatory dysfunction and lactic acid production. Survivors have an amplification of this biventricular response. This response would temporarily normalize within a week, while the nonsurvivors would still have increased hemodynamics (tachycardia) without the ventricular dilation as a compensatory response. Even though the survivor response is not predictable, therapeutic end-points have been proposed as a guide to therapy in these critically ill patients. Conflicting results have been reported regarding contractility and ventricular compliance measurements in septic models. The development of pressure-volume loops would be the ideal technique for the evaluation of ventricular diastolic compliance, true preload, and contractility (from the end-systolic pressure relationship, which is load independent) in sepsis. More research has to be done with this type of evaluation to further understand the dynamic cardiovascular response in sepsis. This question still persists. Why can't some patients be hemodynamically challenged to increase right and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes and oxygen delivery?

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cardiovascular abnormalities in children: a ten-year forensic pathologic study.

In order to obtain information on types, incidence, and significance of cardiovascular abnormalities in children, a total of 104 consecutive medicolegal autopsies of children aged 8 days to 16 years during a 10-year period from May 1974 to April 1984 were studied. Extensive histological examination of the hearts was performed in 92 out of 104 cases and complemented with chemical and microbiological analyses. In the natural death group consisting of 53 children, 26 (49%) showed abnormalities: 7 (13%) malformations, 11 (21%) cardiomyopathies, 5 (9%) idiopathic subaortic hypertrophy, and 3 (7%) a heart weight only 50% of the expected weight. In the violent death ("control") group, abnormalities were found in 8 of 39 cases (21%), all of which were cardiomyopathy. Only 5 of 34 cardiovascular abnormalities (every 7th case), all complex malformations, were clinically recognized. In 14 (15%) of the total 92 examined cases the cardiovascular abnormality was the only apparent cause of death, and in 12 (13%) a contributing cause of sudden unexpected natural death, while in 3 (3%) it was related to a fatal accidental injury. In 5 (13%) of the 39 cases of violent death, cardiomyopathy was an incidental finding without any connection to the circumstances or cause of death. The causes of cardiovascular abnormalities were associated with bacterial and viral infections, respiratory disorders, phenytoin sensitivity, or were unknown. Because of the differences in diagnostic criteria employed by previous investigators, it cannot be determined whether the incidence of the cardiovascular abnormalities and sudden cardiac death in children found in this material was higher than in other studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities in pilots involved in fatal general aviation airplane accidents.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease in general and coronary heart disease in particular remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Coronary artery disease is of concern in aviation because of its potential to cause sudden in-flight incapacitation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cardiovascular abnormalities in pilots involved in fatal general aviation airplane accidents. METHOD: A comprehensive review was performed of all cardiovascular abnormalities detected during autopsies conducted on pilots involved in fatal fixed-wing general aviation aircraft accidents in the U.S. from 1996-1999. Data was obtained from the database maintained at Civil Aerospace Medical Institute in Oklahoma City. RESULTS: An analysis of 534 autopsy reports revealed presence of cardiovascular abnormalities in 234 pilots (prevalence rate 43.82%). Coronary artery stenosis had a prevalence rate of 37.64%. There were 41 pilots who had evidence of severe atherosclerosis of the left coronary artery. This was significantly associated with stenosis of the right coronary and circumflex arteries. There was a statistically significant relation between coronary atherosclerosis and advancing age. DISCUSSION: Although the overall prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis is lower than previously reported, evidence of severe atherosclerosis was found in a relatively high percentage of pilots and may be a cause for concern. The findings have implications for aircrew health education and primary prevention programs. There is also a need for more standardized data collection.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1981

Cardiovascular abnormalities in thoracopagus twins.

A detailed anatomopathologic study of the various developmental malformations encountered in a set of female thoracopagus twins is presented. Special emphasis has been devoted to the analysis and description of the complex cardiovascular abnormalities associated with the conjoined heart and liver of this set of twins. The heart was conjoined with two sets of great arteries. The great arteries of one twin were d-malposed and originated from a single right ventricle; a normally placed aorta originated from a single left ventricle and the hypoplastic pulmonary trunk originated from a rudimentary outlet chamber of the other twin. One twin had two atria with the systemic veins returning to the right one and an anomalous pulmonary venous return terminating in the ductus venous of her liver. The other twin had a single right atrium plus an accessory atrial chamber to which both the pulmonary and the systemic veins returned. There were two umbilical arteries originating from the internal iliac arteries of one twin and two umbilical veins which fused into one as they entered into the ductus venous of the other twin. The cardiovascular abnormalities of our case have been compared with those encountered in 25 well-documented cases of thoracopagus twins previously reported in the literature. It was concluded that the majority of thoracopagus twins (approximately 75%) had conjoined heart with associated cardiovascular abnormalities making them unsuitable for surgical separation even at the cost of the life of one of them. In addition, an embryological interpretation concerning the possible origin of the cardiovascular abnormalities of our case is presented and discussed.

Aorta↗
PubMed2000

Cardiovascular malformations and other cardiovascular abnormalities in neurofibromatosis 1.

Although it is well recognized that a peripheral vasculopathy may occur in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), it is unclear whether cardiovascular abnormalities are more common. We reviewed the frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities, in particular, cardiovascular malformations (CVMs), among 2322 patients with definite NF1 in the National Neurofibromatosis Foundation International Database from 1991-98. Cardiovascular malformations were reported in 54/2322 (2.3%) of the NF1 patients, only 4 of whom had Watson syndrome or NF1-Noonan syndrome. There was a predominance of Class II "flow" defects [Clark, 1995: Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents Including the Fetus and Young Adult. p 60-70] (43/54, 80%) among the NF1 patients with CVMs. Pulmonic stenosis, that was present in 25 NF1 patients, and aortic coarctation, that occurred in 5, constitute much larger proportions of all CVMs than expected. Of interest was the paucity of Class I conotruncal defects (2 patients with tetralogy of Fallot), and the absence of atrioventricular canal, anomalous pulmonary venous return, complex single ventricle and laterality defects. Besides the 54 patients with CVMs, there were 27 patients with other cardiac abnormalities (16 with murmur, 5 with mitral valve prolapse, 1 with intracardiac tumor, and 5 with electrocardiogram abnormalities). No patient in this study had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There were 16 patients who had a peripheral vascular abnormality without an intracardiac CVM, plus an additional 4 patients among those with a CVM who also had a peripheral vascular abnormality.

Aortic Coarctation↗
PubMed2003

Capillary rarefaction and abnormal cardiovascular reactivity in hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of capillary rarefaction on cardiovascular reactivity and microcirculatory functioning in essential hypertension. DESIGN: Hypertension is associated with abnormal cardiovascular reactivity and increased vasoconstriction. Capillary rarefaction amplifies these abnormalities, which modify microcirculatory hemodynamics. Hence this study of the hemorheological pattern and the veno-arteriolar reflex in hypertensive patients and normotensive control subjects. METHODS: Sixty-one men with never-treated essential hypertension and capillary rarefaction (< 80 capillaries per field) and 20 age-matched and sex-matched controls underwent a strenuous cycle ergometer test to monitor, during exercise and recovery, the blood pressure profile and the hemorheological pattern: blood viscosity at low shear, hematocrit and leukocyte counts, soluble P-selectin levels, and red and white blood cell filterability rates. The veno-arteriolar reflex was determined by laser-Doppler flowmetry before exercise and at recovery.RESULTS Hypertensive men with < or = 72 capillaries per field had an abnormal hemorheological profile before exercise. The physiological response to exercise was observed only in the controls and in hypertensives with > or = 73 capillaries per field. Abnormal responses to exercise worsened as capillaries were more rarefied. At recovery, hemorheological parameters in hypertensives with 65-72 capillaries per field returned to baseline, remaining significantly (P < 0.05) different to control values. Variations in the hemorheological pattern in hypertensives with < 64 capillary per field persisted at recovery. The veno-arteriolar reflex followed the same pattern. CONCLUSION: A reduced microvascular network may contribute to abnormal cardiovascular reactivity and to exercise-induced rheological abnormalities in hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cardiovascular abnormalities in Noonan syndrome: the clinical findings and treatments.

The clinical findings and treatment of cardiovascular abnormalities in 33 patients with Noonan syndrome are reviewed. Major cardiovascular abnormalities were pulmonary valvular stenosis in 17 patients (51.1%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in 11 (33.3%), and atrial septal defect in 9 (27.3%). Dysplastic pulmonary valve was seen in 6 (35.3%). Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed for 4 patients with dysplastic pulmonary valves. Two patients were successfully treated. Surgical treatment was performed in 13 patients, 11 alive and 2 died. Two patients with HCM and arrhythmia died suddenly. In conclusion, balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty should be the initial palliation for dysplastic pulmonary valve in Noonan syndrome, and HCM is the risk factor for sudden death in Noonan syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Williams-Beuren syndrome: cardiovascular abnormalities in 20 patients diagnosed with fluorescence in situ hybridization.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cardiovascular findings and clinical follow-up of patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome. METHODS: We studied 20 patients (11 males, mean age at diagnosis: 5.9 years old), assessed for cardiovascular abnormalities with electrocardiography and Doppler echocardiography. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the diagnosis of the syndrome. RESULTS: Elastin gene locus microdeletion was detected in 17 patients (85%) (positive FISH), and in 3 patients deletion was not detected (negative FISH). Sixteen patients with a positive FISH (94%) had congenital cardiovascular disease (mean age at diagnosis: 2,3 years old). We observed isolated (2/16) supravalvular aortic stenosis and supravalvular aortic stenosis associated (11/16) with pulmonary artery stenosis (4/11); mitral valve prolapse (3/11); bicuspid aortic valve (3/11); aortic coarctation (2/11), thickened pulmonary valve (2/11); pulmonary valvular stenosis (1/11); supravalvular pulmonary stenosis (1/11); valvular aortic stenosis (1/11); fixed subaortic stenosis (1/11); pulmonary artery stenosis (2/16) associated with pulmonary valvar stenosis (1/2) and with mitral valve prolapse (1/2); and isolated mitral valve prolapse (1/16). Four patients with severe supravalvular aortic stenosis underwent surgery (mean age: 5.7 years old), and 2 patients had normal pressure gradients (mean follow-up: 8.4 years). CONCLUSION: A detailed cardiac evaluation must be performed in all patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome due to the high frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Identification of the increased frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities associated with mitral valve prolapse by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) was performed in 86 consecutive patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and in 25 normal subjects. In normal subjects, mitral leaflet thickness was 3.5 +/- 0.8 mm (mean +/- standard deviation) and the mitral leaflet thickness to aortic wall thickness ratio was 1.0 +/- 0.2. Patients with MVP were separated into 2 groups: those with normal mitral thickness (less than or equal to mean + 2 SD observed in normal subjects, i.e., less than or equal to 5.1 mm) and normal mitral thickness to aortic wall thickness ratio (less than or equal to mean + 2 SD observed in normal subjects, i.e., less than or equal to 1.4) (group I) and others in whom these values were increased (group II). In group I, mitral thickness was 3.6 +/- 0.6 mm and mitral thickness to aortic wall thickness ratio was 1.1 +/- 0.1, and in group II, mitral thickness was 8.8 +/- 1.2 mm and mitral thickness to aortic wall thickness ratio was 2.2 +/- 0.5. The only significant cardiovascular abnormalities in group I were mitral regurgitation in 2 patients and tricuspid valve prolapse in 1 patient. In group II, 7 patients had clinically significant mitral regurgitation, 8 had aortic root abnormalities, 4 had tricuspid valve prolapse and 6 had Marfan's syndrome. Cardiovascular abnormalities were present in 60% (18 of 30) of patients in group II and in 6% (3 of 56) of patients in group I (p less than 0.001). Two-dimensional echo enabled the identification of a subset of patients with MVP who had thickened mitral leaflets. These patients had an increased incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cardiovascular abnormalities in children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

It is known that adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have an increased incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities, including mitral valve prolapse. The cardiac manifestations of ADPKD in the pediatric population have not been well established. To determine the cardiac manifestations of children with ADPKD, echocardiography was performed in 154 children of 66 families in which one parent has ADPKD. Eighty-six affected children and 68 unaffected children were evaluated in a prospective, single-blinded manner by echocardiography. Affected children were defined as those with any cysts on a concurrent renal ultrasound or those predicted to be gene carriers by gene linkage analysis. A 12% incidence of mitral valve prolapse was found in the affected children compared with only 3% of the unaffected children (P < 0.05). ADPKD children, but not their unaffected siblings, demonstrate a significant correlation between left ventricular mass index and systolic blood pressure. Moreover, hypertensive ADPKD children have significantly larger left ventricular mass index than do normotensive ADPKD children. A 3.5% incidence of congenital heart disease was found in the affected group, whereas 2.9% of the unaffected children had congenital heart disease. It was concluded that systemic manifestations of ADPKD, particularly cardiovascular abnormalities, are present even in childhood and these warrant the clinician's attention.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Twenty-four hour blood pressure and heart rate profiles of diabetic patients with abnormal cardiovascular reflexes.

Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate profiles of 24 patients with diabetes were monitored in order to assess the effect of autonomic neuropathy on 24-h haemodynamic profiles. Eighteen patients had abnormal cardiovascular reflexes. Mean arterial pressure rose at night in six of the patients with autonomic neuropathy and fell by less than or equal to 5 mmHg in seven. In the remaining five patients with autonomic neuropathy and in the six diabetic patients with normal cardiovascular reflexes, the fall in nocturnal mean arterial pressure was comparable to that of 11 non-diabetic patients with essential hypertension. Median 24-h mean arterial pressure was similar in all four groups of diabetic patients. Prevalence of autonomic symptoms was not related to the change in blood pressure in those with autonomic neuropathy. Twenty-seven months after monitoring, three fatal and five severe non-fatal cardiovascular or renal events had occurred in four of the six patients with a rise in nocturnal blood pressure, compared with one non-fatal event in those with a small fall and no severe events in those with a pronounced fall (p = 0.02). Blood pressure rises at night in certain diabetic patients with abnormal cardiovascular reflexes and the nocturnal rise appears to be associated with a poor prognosis.

Adult↗