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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

External carotid artery in internal carotid artery occlusion. Angiographic, therapeutic, and prognostic considerations.

Twenty-three instances of internal carotid artery occlusion occurring with minimal neurological deficit in 22 patients are described. Although each of these patients was referred to the neurosurgical service for evaluation for an extracranial-intracranial microvascular bypass procedure, complete arteriographic evaluations of their cerebrovasculature suggested that alternative methods should be the treatment of choice. For each patient reported the ipsilateral external carotid artery was demonstrated by angiography to be an important source of collateral blood supply to the cerebral hemispheres or retinae distal to the occluded internal carotid arteries. Ten patients with no significant atherosclerotic narrowing or ulceration of the external carotid artery have remained free of symptoms of cerebral ischemia for 6 to 40 months. In twelve patients who developed delayed recurrent cerebral or retinal ischemia ipsilateral to their internal carotid artery occlusion, there were found obstructive and/or ulcerative plaques involving the common and/or external carotid arteries. Thromboendarterectomy in 11 of these patients gave complete relief of ischemic symptoms during the 4 to 36 months of postoperative follow up. One of these 12 patients refused operation and went on to develop a major cerebral infarction. Angiographic identification of a functionally important external carotid artery ipsilateral to an internal carotid artery occlusion carries considerable prognostic and therapeutic significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Gradual carotid artery occlusion in the treatment of inaccessible internal carotid artery aneurysms.

The authors discuss 21 cases of large or surgically inaccessible internal carotid artery aneurysms treated with gradual occlusion of the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery. Eighty-five per cent of the patients experienced relief or marked improvement of their symptoms after treatment. Two early cases developed postligation ischemic deficits that partially resolved. After the introduction of expansion of circulating blood volume and induced hypertension as adjuncts to graded carotid occlusion, no ischemic complications occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal.

A case of giant aneurysm of the intrapetrous portion of the internal carotid artery, with intracranial and extra-cranial extension in an eight-year-old girl, is reported. Intracranial extension was demonstrated by the presence of a large sac projecting above the petrous shadow in a frontal carotid angiogram, and upward displacement of the middle cerebral artery in the post-ligation angiogram. Extracranial extension was shown clinically as a pulsating mass in the nasopharynx, and also radiologically as a widened medial coronoid space. Erosive destruction of the petrous bone and its neighbourhood produced palsies of the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th cranial nerves. There was appreciable recovery in the cranial nerve palsies when the patient was assessed clinically two weeks after ligation of the internal carotid artery.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1979

[A case of accessory middle cerebral artery associated with internal carotid artery aneurysm (author's transl)].

A case of accessory middle cerebral artery associated with internal carotid artery aneurysm was reported. A 50-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with complaints of headache, nausea, vomiting and conciousness disturbance. Lumbar puncture showed bloody CSF. Right carotid angiogram revealed saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery and accessory middle cerebral artery originating from the horizontal portion of the right anterior cerebral artery. No other vascular lesion was observed on other angiograms. Operation was performed 2 days after admission. The neck of the aneurysm was clipped. Postoperative aseptic meningitis was cured by frequent lumbar punctures, and her course was uneventful. The etiological hypothesis of these cerebral vascular anomalies was briefly discussed.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery and occipital artery originating from internal carotid artery.

A case of a combined anomaly of persistent hypoglossal and proatlantal intersegmental arteries, proved on arteriogram obtained by the insertion of a needle into the common trunk of both arteries, is presented. In addition, a case of anomalous occipital artery arising from the internal carotid artery associated with an intracranial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation is presented. Based upon analysis of the persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery and the anomalous occipital artery, we conclude that both arteries have an identical embryological origin.

Arteries↗
PubMed1979

Ascending pharyngeal artery collateral circulation simulating internal carotid artery hypoplasia.

Complete occlusion of the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery may result in a collateral circuit between an enlarged ascending pharyngeal artery and the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery. This anastomosis may simulate a severely stenotic or hypoplastic internal carotid artery. Differentiation between these entities is particularly important if carotid endarterectomy for relief of stenosis is contemplated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The tentorial meningioma fed by "marginal tentorial artery" arising from the external carotid artery--a case report and review of literature (author's transl)].

It is well known that a Bernasconi-Cassinari artery is an important finding at diagnosis of the abnormality in tentorium. Since Bernasconi and Cassinari reported the artery in 1956, many reports have been presented and showed that the artery arose from the intracavernous portion of the internal carotid artery. We presented a 54-year-old female with tentorial meningioma. In selective external carotid angiography, the artery feeding the tumor was revealed arising from the accessory meningeal artery, which came off the internal maxillary artery and passed into the carnium through the foramen ovale, and took the same course of "Bernasconi-Cassinari artery". This angiographic finding suggests that it is possible for marginal tentorial artery to arise from an external carotid arterial system. It is said in the anatomical studies, when the trunk of primitive maxillary artery which is one of maxillo-carotid anastomotic arteries in fetus regresses, "marginal tentorial artery" usually remains linked to the internal carotid artery. But, if this transition of "the artery" from the external to the internal carotid artery failed, it is easily conceived the artery results in the origin of accessory meningeal artery, a branch of the external carotid artery.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

On the symmetry and asymmetry of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery: a study of bilateral carotid angiograms in 100 adults.

Bilateral carotid angiograms of the neck in 100 consecutive adult patients show the bifurcation of the left common carotid artery to be located cranial to the right in 50% of the cases, while the right bifurcation was higher in 22%. The origin of the internal carotid artery was at the dorsal or dorsolateral aspect of the common carotid artery in 82% on the right side and in 94% on the left, while a dorsomedial or medial origin was found in 18% on the right side and in 6% on the left.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Mechanism of intrarenal blood flow redistribution after carotid artery occlusion.

Bilateral carotid artery occlusion results in an increase in mean arterial pressure, an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity, and a redistribution of renal blood flow from inner to outer cortex. To elucidate the mechanism of the renal blood flow redistribution, carotid artery occlusion was performed in anesthetized dogs with the left kidney either having renal perfusion pressure maintained constant (aortic constriction) or having alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade (phenoxybenzamine); the right kidney of the same dog served to document the normal response. When renal perfusion pressure was maintained constant, renal blood flow distribution (microspheres) was unchanged by carotid artery occlusion. In the presence of renal alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade, carotid artery occlusion elicited the usual redistribution of renal blood flow from inner to outer cortex. The redistribution of renal blood flow observed after carotid artery occlusion is mediated by the increase in renal perfusion pressure rather than the increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Unilateral visual loss in bright light. An unusual symptom of carotid artery occlusive disease.

Five patients with carotid artery occlusive disease had unilateral visual loss in bright light. All five had reduced retinal artery pressure on the side of the visual loss, and arteriograms showed either an occlusion or a high-grade stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Unilateral visual loss in bright light may indicate ipsilateral carotid artery occlusive disease and may reflect the inability of borderline circulation to sustain the increased retinal metabolic activity associated with exposure to bright light.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

High definition imaging of carotid arteries using a standard commercial ultrasound "B" scanner. A preliminary report.

Sixteen carotid arteries in nine patients with transient ischaemic attacks and carotid bruits were examined by direct scanning grey scale ultrasound using a 10 HMz probe attached to a standard commercial apparatus. Findings using ultrasound were compared with a contrast arteriogram performed on the following day and, in two cases, with the surgical appearances during endarterectomy. Atheromatous plaques were demonstrated in five common carotid arteries by ultrasound. Arteriography failed to show proximal plaques in two common carotid arteries and extension of bifurcation disease into the adjacent common carotid in a third patient. Ultrasound detected four stenotic and one occluded internal carotid artery. One internal carotid artery with a 25% stenosis was shown by arteriography but not by ultrasound. Of the five external carotid stenoses, one with a minimal stenosis of less than 10% was not demonstrated. In all cases, stenoses in excess of 30% were shown by ultrasound. Surgical findings correlated more closely with details of the plaques as shown by ultrasound than by arteriography. It is suggested that ultrasound might be used to pre-select reliably those patients who would benefit from a contrast arteriogram and, thus, to protect those with normal carotid arteries from a potentially hazardous invasive investigation.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗