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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Cloning and analysis of six full-length cDNA similar to sheep KAP6-1 from cashmere goat].

Cashmere is the fiber of kings, produced from the cashmere goat (Capra hircus). Cashmere fabric has little squama. Due to its lightness cashmere feels smooth and silky. An intriguing feature of cashmere structure is multiplicity of the hair keratin proteins with distinctive amino acid compositions. To study the role and regulation of one of these keratins, we used the SMART ( switching mechanism at 5' end of RNA transcript) technology to construct a cDNA library of skin tissue from an Inner Mongolia male cashmere goat. A total of 636 cDNA sequences were obtained by randomly sequenced from 5' of cDNA library. Sequence comparison with the GenBank database confirmed that there are 41 sequences showed high nucleotide sequence identity in the coding region with sheep keratin associated protein 6-1 (KAP6-1). They represent six different cDNAs (The accession numbers in GenBenk are AY310749, AY310750, AY310751, AY310752, AY310753 and AY310754, respectively). They are full-length cDNAs according to the known KAP6-1 genomic gene sequences of sheep. From the nucleotide sequences the open reading frames were identified, that encoded six basic proteins of 82, 84, 71, 71, 83, 83 amino acids, respectively, with a combined glycine and tyrosine content of about 60%. Compared analysis showed that the KAPs from goats shared more than 55.4% identities in nucleotide sequences and more than 79.8% identities in amino acid sequences with each other, and shared highest identities (81.9% approximately 98.8%) with KAP6-1 from sheep. The KAP6s from different animal species shared more than 50% identities in amino acid sequences with each other.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Social rank and response to the "male effect" in the Australian Cashmere goat.

The present study was conducted to determine if the social status of Australian Cashmere goats affects their response to the male effect in terms of LH secretion, ovulation and expression of estrus. Australian Cashmere goats were kept isolated from the males during 5 months. The index of success (SI) of each goat was calculated to establish their social rank. In the first experiment, the ten most dominant and the 10 most subordinate goats were separated from the original herd and housed in two pens (5 dominant and 5 subordinate animals in each pen). An androgenized wether was then introduced into each pen. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured every 20 min from 2h before to 4h after introduction of the male in the goats of first pen and from 4 to 8h after male introduction in the second pen. In the second experiment, the remaining 50 goats were exposed in their original pen to two androgenized wethers. Their association index with the males (AI) was calculated for each of these 50 goats, and the intervals from exposure to the males to the onset of estrus and to ovulation were determined. During the first 4h after male introduction, the dominant goats had more LH pulses (0.65+/-0.06 compared with 0.3+/-0.09; P<0.05) and greater LH mean concentrations (1.79+/-0.14 ng/ml compared with 1.30+/-0.15 ng/ml, P=0.05) than the subordinate animals. Although not significantly different, the AI was 35% greater for high and medium ranking goats than for low ranking animals (0.031+/-0.004, 0.032+/-0.005 and 0.023+/-0.005, respectively, P>0.05). Although the number of goats ovulating in response to male exposure was similar between dominance groups (high: 100%, medium: 94% and low ranking: 92%), the high and medium dominance goats showed a greater incidence of expression of estrus than low-dominance goats (94.4%, 89.5% and 53.8%, respectively, P<0.05). It is concluded that the social rank of the Australian Cashmere goat influences their response to the male effect in terms of early LH secretion and expression of estrus.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Estimates of breeding value of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats using animal model BLUP method].

In this study, single trait animal model of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedures was used to obtain estimates of 3,981 Inner Mongolia cashmere goats' breeding value for body weight and cashmere yield. The data were collected during 1989-1998 at Arbas cashmere goats farm, Etuoke banner, Inner Mongolia. Multiple traits of BLUP were used to get estimates of total breeding values (TBV) of all goats. The model included age and sex-herd-year as fixed effects, and individual additive effect and individual permanent environment as random effects. The selection based on breeding value and phenotypic value was compared. The results showed as following: (1) There was a large difference between weaning weight selection and TBV selection of ram lamb; (2) The difference between phenotypic selection and TBV selection of gimmer hogg reached a significant level (P < 0.01); (3) The difference between phenotypic selection and TBV selection of ram hogg reached a significant level (P < 0.01); (4) Rank correlation between body weight selection and body weight' EBV selection and that between cashmere yield selection and cashmere yield' EBV selection were not significant (P > 0.05). The study concluded precision of individual phenotypic selection was low and animal model BLUP was suitable to select Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. At last, this study gave a series of methods of selecting sires based on objective reality.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Landscape genomics analysis reveals the genetic basis underlying cashmere goats and dairy goats adaptation to frigid environments.

Understanding the genetic mechanism of cold adaptation in cashmere goats and dairy goats is very important to improve their production performance. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the genetic basis of goat adaptation to cold environments, clarify the impact of environmental factors on genome diversity, and lay the foundation for breeding goat breeds to adapt to climate change. A total of 240 dairy goats were subjected to genome resequencing, and the whole genome sequencing data of 57 individuals from 6 published breeds were incorporated. By integrating multiple approaches such as phylogenetic analysis, population structure analysis, gene flow and population history exploration, selection signal analysis, and genome-environment association analysis, an in-depth investigation was carried out. Phylogenetic analysis unraveled the genetic relationships and differentiation patterns among dairy goats and other goat breeds. Through signal analysis (&#x3b8;&#x3c0;, FST, XP-CLR), we identified numerous candidate genes associated with cold adaptation in dairy goats (STRIP1, ALX3, HTR4, NTRK2, MRPL11, PELI3, DPP3, BBS1) and cashmere goats (MED12L, MARC2, MARC1, DSG3, C6H4orf22, CHD7, MYPN, KIAA0825, MITF). Genome-environment association (GEA) analysis confirmed the link between these genes and environmental factors. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the critical genes C6H4orf22 and STRIP1 demonstrated their significant roles in the geographical variations of cold adaptation and allele frequency differences among different breeds. This study contributes to understanding the genetic basis of cold adaptation, providing crucial theoretical support for precision breeding programs aimed at improving production performance in cold regions by leveraging adaptive alleles, thereby ensuring sustainable animal husbandry.

Environmental adaptation↗
PubMed2004

[Comparison of different models for estimating genetic parameters of early growth traits in cashmere goat].

Using data on early growth traits (including birth weight, weaning weight, daily gain, and yearling weight) of cashmere goat from the Aerbasi White Cashmere Goat Breeding Farm in Inner Mongolia, four different animal models for estimating genetic parameters were compared. The four models differ in the way of handling maternal genetic effect and maternal environmental effect: in model I both maternal genetic and environmental effect were excluded, in model II only maternal genetic effect was included, in model III only maternal environmental effect was included, and in model IV both maternal genetic and environmental effect were included. The variance components under different models were estimated with derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) method using the MTDFREML program. The differences between different models were tested by likelihood ratio test. The results show that both maternal genetic and environmental effect have highly significant effect on birth weight. For weaning weight and daily gain the maternal genetic effect is not significant while the maternal environmental effect is highly significant; for yearling weight the maternal genetic effect is significant while the maternal environmental effect is not.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of nutrition on seasonal patterns of LH, FSH and testosterone concentration, testicular mass, sebaceous gland volume and odour in Australian Cashmere goats.

The effects of season and diet on LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations, testicular mass, sebaceous gland volume and male odour were examined in mature Australian cashmere goat bucks fed ad libitum with diets of low or high quality for 16 months under natural photoperiod at 29 degrees S, 153 degrees E (n = 6 per treatment). Each week plasma was sampled, the bucks were weighed, scored for male odour and assessed for testicular mass based on scrotal circumference. Each month a skin sample was taken from the occipital region for histological assessment of sebaceous gland volume. For each variable there was a clear circannual cycle that was significantly influenced by dietary treatment. In bucks fed the low-quality diet, the timing of seasonal changes in LH and testosterone concentration, sebaceous gland volume and odour score was similar, with a mid-autumn peak. In each case the high-quality diet advanced, extended the duration and increased the magnitude of the seasonal increase. FSH concentrations peaked in late spring (in bucks on the high-quality diet) or summer (in bucks on the low-quality diet), reaching a nadir in early winter. The high-quality diet significantly increased concentrations only in the last 2 months of the experiment (spring). There was no overall association between these variables and change in testicular mass; instead, it was strongly correlated with voluntary feed intake and change in body mass, themselves subject to seasonal variation with a winter or spring peak. The high-quality diet induced large increases in body mass and testicular mass during the first months of the experiment without influencing the seasonally low concentrations of FSH, LH and testosterone present at the time. These results demonstrate that the male, like the female, Australian cashmere goat, exhibits marked reproductive seasonality, and that nutrition is a powerful modulator of the seasonal cycle. They suggest that testosterone concentration, sebaceous gland volume and odour score are ultimately dependent upon LH secretion, which appears to be under strong seasonal (photoperiodic) control, with the effects of enhanced nutrition limited to periods when photoperiodic inhibition is waning. However, seasonal regulation of testicular mass, and therefore sperm production, appears to be primarily dependent on changes in voluntary feed intake and growth, with the seasonal cycle of testicular mass more a consequence of the seasonal appetite or growth cycle than of changing gonadotrophin concentrations.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Correlation analysis of economic traits in Liaoning new breed of cashmere goats using microsatellite DNA markers.

The economic traits of Liaoning new breed of cashmere goats, a special Chinese genetic resource, were analyzed in 150 animals by typing 11 microsatellite loci. The association between three economic traits (body weight, cashmere yield and fineness) in this new breed of goats and the marker genotypes were analyzed. The results show that: AA and BC at LSCV13, DE at IDVGA64 and BB at BMS2782 were favorable genotypes for body weight. AB at LSCV13, AD and BE at CSSM11, BD and CC at IDVGA64, BC and DE at BMS2782 were favorable genotypes for cashmere yield. AA at CSSM11, BC and DE at IDVGA64, CD at BMS2782 were favorable genotypes for cashmere fineness.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[The correlation analysis of blood protein polymorphism with economic traits in Liaoning new-breeding cashmere goat].

Polymorphism of six blood protein loci from Liaoning new-breeding cashmere goat was studied by using vertical discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)and the relationship between blood protein loci to economic traits was analyzed. Economic traits were analyzed by PROC GLM of SAS. And the data were multiple compared. The results showed that EsBB was the favourable genotypes to body weight, and TfBB and Amy1-2 were the favourable genotypes to cashmere yield. They may be regarded as gene marker for marker assisted selection.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Enteric coccidia of Cashmere goats in southwestern Montana, USA.

A survey of enteric coccidia was made in a Cashmere goat herd in Montana, USA. Eimerian oocysts were found in 97.2% of 616 fecal samples. Newly weaned wethers and does had higher oocyst counts than yearling wethers. Nine Eimeria species were identified, with Eimeria arloingi, Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae and Eimeria alijevi jointly comprising 88.3% of all oocysts recovered. These three species and Eimeria hirci were present in all specimens examined. Prevalence of the other species was as follows: Eimeria caprina, 88.2%; Eimeria jolchijevi, 70.6%; Eimeria christenseni, 32.4%; Eimeria caprovina, 29.4%; Eimeria apsheronica 26.5%.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

Anthelmintic and nutritional effects of heather supplementation on Cashmere goats grazing perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures.

To investigate anthelmintic and nutritional effects of heather supplementation in goats grazing perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures, 40 dry Cashmere goats were randomly assigned to 4 treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: 2 grazing management treatments (supplementation with heather vs. nonsupplementation) and 2 anthelmintic treatments (treatment vs. nontreatment). Goats grazed continuously from May to September 2004. At the end of the grazing period, the number of dead goats due to gastrointestinal parasitism was 1 in the group supplemented with heather and dosed with anthelmintic, 4 in the group that received neither supplementation nor anthelmintic, and 0 in the other 2 groups. For goats that did not receive anthelmintic treatment, the percentage of heather in the diet was negatively correlated with fecal egg count in August (r = -0.59, P < 0.05) and September (r = -0.49, P < 0.1) and positively correlated (r = 0.54, P < 0.05) with BW changes during the grazing season. Therefore, the correlation coefficient between BW change and fecal egg count was negative (r = -0.62, P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia concentrations were always lower in supplemented goats (P < 0.05). However, VFA concentrations were greater in goats consuming heather (58.9 vs. 50.9 mmol/L), which suggests that ruminal fermentation was not adversely affected by consumption of tannins. Heather availability in the vegetation might represent a valuable opportunity and sustainable method to control gastrointestinal nematode infections in a goat production system based on grazing perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2006

[Influence of maternal genetic effect on genetic parameter estimates of production traits of cashmere goat].

The derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) method was used to compare the differences of genetic parameter estimates of Inner Mongolian Cashmere Goats under two models, which differ in whether maternal genetic effect is taken into account. The differences between the two models were, tested by likelihood ratio test. The results show that maternal genetic effect highly affects live body weight and cashmere thickness while has no significant effect on raw cashmere weight, staple length, fibre diameter and fibre length.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Growth of secondary hair follicles of the Cashmere goat in vitro and their response to prolactin and melatonin.

The isolation and viability in vitro of anagen secondary hair follicles of the Cashmere goat were studied. Isolated hair follicles were used to determine the effects on hair shaft elongation, of prolactin and melatonin, hormones considered to influence hair follicle growth and activity in vivo. Intact hair follicles were isolated from the dermal layer of the skin singly or in groups using watchmakers' forceps under a dissecting microscope. The isolated follicles were maintained floating in Williams E medium. The medium was supplemented with 1 of 6 concentrations of ovine prolactin (0, 50, 200, 400, 800 and 4000 micrograms/l) for the culture of hair follicles isolated during July and August, and with 1 of 5 concentrations of melatonin (0, 50, 150, 300, 600 ng/l) for the culture of hair follicles isolated during September and October. There was clear evidence of DNA synthesis, observed by autoradiography, in matrix cells of freshly isolated follicles incubated for 6 h in the presence of [methyl-3H]-thymidine. Similar measurements after 96 h of maintenance indicated a marked reduction in the incorporation of [methyl-3H]-thymidine in matrix cells of the follicles studied. Prolactin and melatonin were shown to have a stimulating effect on hair shaft elongation of secondary follicles during 24 h periods of measurement and cumulatively over 120 h. Maximum hair follicle growth was observed in follicles exposed to 400 micrograms/l of prolactin and follicles exposed to 300 ng/l of melatonin. The number of follicles remaining viable during each 24 h measuring period was not affected by prolactin, but was significantly reduced by melatonin treatment after 96 h of maintenance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The role of prolactin in the reactivation of hair follicles in relation to moulting in cashmere goats.

The effects of the suppression or elevation of plasma prolactin concentrations in spring on the timing of the reactivation of the hair follicles and the timing of the spring moult were investigated in cashmere goats. Thirty eight adult female goats, housed under conditions of natural photoperiod at 55 degrees 55'N from mid-December until May, were allocated to four groups starting on 5 January: ten served as untreated controls, eight received 2 mg ovine prolactin subcutaneously every 12 h for 7 weeks (PRL), twelve received 35 mg bromocriptine intramuscularly every 14 days for 17 weeks (BCR) and eight received injections of both ovine prolactin and bromocriptine at the above dose rates for 7 weeks (PRL+BCR). In the PRL group there was an earlier reactivation of the secondary hair follicles (PRL vs control, proportion of secondary follicles in antigen, weeks 1-5, P < 0.01) associated with an earlier moult of secondary fibres (cashmere) but no significant difference in the activity of the primary hair follicles. In the BCR group there was a delay in the reactivation of both the secondary and primary hair follicles (BCR vs control, proportion of secondary and primary hair follicles in anagen, weeks 5-13, P < 0.01) and a delay in the moult. In the PRL+BCR group there was an early reactivation and moult similar to the PRL group. Voluntary food intake (VFI) and liveweight were also measured. Only in the BCR group was there a decrease in VFI compared with the controls but with no effect on liveweight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Artificial insemination of Cashmere goats: effects on fertility and fecundity of intravaginal treatment, method and time of insemination, semen freezing process, number of motile spermatozoa and age of females.

The experiments, using a total of 1833 Cashmere does, were conducted to examine the effects on fertility and fecundity of intravaginal treatment for control of ovulation, time of insemination by cervical and laparoscopic methods, semen processing in pellets and straws, and number of frozen-thawed motile spermatozoa. Adult does (greater than or equal to 2.5 years) that had previously kidded were inseminated into the cervix, and maiden (kid: 6-8 months; hogget: 18 months) and adult does were inseminated laparoscopically. The rates of pregnancy determined by ultrasonic scanning (75-80 days after insemination) for cervical (Experiment 1) and laparoscopic (Experiments 2 and 3) insemination were 39.1%, 63.6% and 52.1%. The number of motile spermatozoa did not affect fertility after cervical (80, 120 and 160 x 10(6) or laparoscopic (Experiment 2: 15, 30 and 60 x 10(6); Experiment 3:5, 10 and 20 x 10(6) insemination. The method of insemination or number of motile spermatozoa did not affect fecundity. With cervical insemination, fertility and fecundity improved with increasing depth of insemination into the reproductive tract. Intravaginal sponges containing fluorogestone acetate and controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices containing progesterone were equally effective for control of ovulation when combined with an injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG; 200 i.u.) before insemination. Fertility was higher when does were inseminated before than after ovulation. After laparoscopic insemination, results were similar for semen frozen as pellets and in straws, and for 3-, 6- and 24-fold pre-freezing dilution of semen. For kid, hogget and adult does in Experiment 3, pregnancy rates were 34.0%, 55.4% and 63.9% and rates of fecundity were 1.17, 1.22 and 1.27 fetuses/pregnant doe.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1994

The "female effect" in Australian cashmere goats: effect of season and quality of diet on the LH and testosterone response of bucks to oestrous does.

The effects of season, diet and exposure to oestrous females on LH and testosterone secretion were examined in mature cashmere bucks to determine whether there is a seasonal cycle of LH and testosterone secretion, and whether this can be modulated by long-term differential nutrition and exposure to oestrous females. Three-year-old bucks were individually housed under natural photoperiod at 29 degrees S 153 degrees E and fed diets of high (crude protein 17.6%, metabolizable energy 8.3 MJ kg-1) or low (crude protein 6.9%, metabolizable energy 6.6% MJ kg-1) quality for 16 months ad libitum (n = 6 per treatment). Blood samples were collected to determine pulsatile LH and testosterone secretion immediately before experimental feeding, one month later, and every second month thereafter. Samples were collected for an 8 h period on successive days with the bucks isolated on the first day and each exposed to a single oestrous doe for the duration of the second day. In the absence of oestrous females, bucks exhibited a circannual pattern of secretion for both hormones with pulse frequency and mean concentrations highest in late summer and autumn and lowest in late winter and spring. Testosterone pulse amplitude followed a similar pattern, but LH pulse amplitude was highest in spring and lowest in autumn, indicating a seasonal shift in the relationship between the two hormones. Exposure to oestrous does increased LH and testosterone secretion depending on both season and diet. Responses were evident during summer, autumn and early winter, with bucks on a high quality diet exhibiting an earlier and more prolonged period of responsiveness than did bucks on a low quality diet, peaking in February compared with June. The magnitude of the LH and testosterone response was also significantly greater in bucks on a high quality diet. Weight loss during autumn appeared to reduce responsiveness in both treatments. These results demonstrate that there is a seasonal cycle in LH and testosterone secretion in mature cashmere bucks, and that nutrition and oestrous females are powerful modulators of the secretion of these hormones in a seasonally dependent way.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Type II and type III monodeiodinase activities in the skin of untreated and propylthiouracil-treated cashmere goats.

The presence or absence of types I, II and III iodothyronine monodeiodinase enzymes (MDI, MDII and MDIII) and their levels of activity in the skin of goats, which were orally dosed for 60 days with 0, 1.1, 2.2, 4.4, 8.8, 17.5, or 35 mg(-1)kg liveweight day(-1)of the anti-thyroid, enzyme-inhibiting drug, propylthiouracil (PTU), were determined. Contrary to our earlier report that PTU did not influence skin MDII activity, the currect more thorough investigation (in terms of numbers of observations and the efficiency of the enzyme extraction procedure) indicated that doses of 1.1.to 17.5 mg kg(-1)liveweight induced a 2 to 3 fold increase (P = 0.01) in MDII activity. However, in three of the four goats treated with 35 mg kg(-1)group, activity was similar to that of control animals. There were no significant differences between treatments in MDIII activity but there was a trend towards lower levels of activity in the goats dosed with 17.5 and 35 mg kg(-1). It is concluded that there is significant MDII and MDIII activity in the skin of goats and that although there is none of the PTU -sensitive MDI enzyme, synthesis of T3 within the skin could nevertheless be modified through increases in MDII activity induced by lower T4 concentrations in the circulation caused by PTU. Changes in pattern of fibre moult induced by treatment with low doses of MD-inhibiting drugs may therefore be achieved through this effect. Since MDII and MDIII enzyme activity may be reduced by high doses of PTU, prolonged treatment with high doses of PTU may have adverse effects on skin tissue.

Animals↗