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Body-cathexis and Self-cathexis scales were administered to 24 people who received individual psychotherapy and a control group of 25 students. Body-cathexis and Self-cathexis tests were given before and after the therapeutic sessions. No significant differences were obtained.
This study examined the effects of a psychology of adjustment class on body-acceptance and self-acceptance. An introductory psychology class served as a control group. Subjects were pre- and posttested with the Body-cathexis and Self-cathexis scales. Two by two analyses of covariance indicated that the adjustment group showed a larger gain on both scales than the control. Sex interacted with group significantly on the Body-cathexis scale only. Means indicated that the main effect of groups on the Body-cathexis scale may be attributed to the larger gains by females in the adjustment class.
The history is traced of observations made of the phenomena associated with self-cathexis and other-cathexis. Owing to personal and other conflicts in the history of psychiatry and psychotherapy, the development of these observations was disturbed, and they were reobserved and re-described using different terminologies in accounts which have not hitherto been collected and compared. When this is done, a consensus appears which can be stated in a common language to facilitate further accretion of observation, and further research and debate.
To investigate the difference between perceptions of the nude body and of the clothed body 29 women were administered the Body Cathexis Scale and a Clothed Body Cathexis Scale. Paired t tests indicated that these working women were significantly more satisfied with their clothed bodies than with their nude bodies.
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This description cross-sectional study examines cathexis, or satisfaction, with the body and the orofacial region in relationship to eight major demographic and health status variables in a nonprobability sample of 34 male and 47 female edentulous subjects aged 36 to 77 years. Kiyak's 27-item Body Cathexis Scale (BCS), including an innovative five-item Orofacial Cathexis Scale (OFCS), was shown to be reliable for use in elderly clients at least to age 77 (Cronbach's alpha = .95). More research is needed to validate the OFCS. Overall scores were in the neutral range, with teeth being the most negatively cathected body part. Longer periods of edentulism were associated with more dissatisfaction with the teeth. Body and orofacial cathexis were highly positively correlated. Chronic illness, education level, race, and religion were not significantly related to cathexis. Edentulism, especially recent edentulism in the elderly, female gender, and divorced marital status could be important indicators for body image disturbance.
The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in body-cathexis associated with exercise involvement. Data were collected from exercising groups of 52 women and 23 men volunteers from a university fitness improvement class and from comparison groups of 41 women and 9 men volunteers from classes unrelated to exercise. Multivariate analysis of variance of prestudy body-cathexis scores identified significant sex differences; men had much higher body-cathexis for waist, hip, thigh, fitness, and weight than did women. Multivariate analysis of poststudy data, normalized to control for prestudy sex differences, yielded a significant effect for the exercise involvement of fitness class men and women. Regular exercise seems to have potential as a method for improving body-cathexis for both men and women. Further research on methods for improving satisfaction with weight is needed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived somatotype and body-cathexis for female subjects and to determine the perceived ideal somatotype of college females. The relationship between perceived somatotype and attitudes toward fashion and clothing use was also examined. 91 female undergraduates were administered the Perceived Somatotype Scale, the Body-cathexis Scale, and several measures of fashion and clothing interest and use. Analysis of variance indicated that the ectomorphic build was perceived as the ideal somatotype for college females. As subjects' self-perceived somatotype deviated from the ideal and moved toward the mesomorphic and endomorphic, body-cathexis scores decreased. Contrary to stereotypic assumptions, perceived somatotype was unrelated to the fashion and clothing measures.
33 subjects provided measures on extent of dance training, dance performance, locus of control orientation, and three measures of body cathexis. Pearson product-moment correlations yielded significant, though modest, positive relations between three measures of body cathexis and performance, and between time dancing and the Levenson Internal scale; and a negative relation between body cathexis and the Levenson Chance scale.
Alternate axes are explored in the orthodox formulation of drive cathexis and psychosexual development, with implications for corresponding object relation modes engendered by these processes. Somatic and defensive aspects are shown to impact on the function of the "other" as the individual matures. The separation/individuation process is subsumed into this overall developmental continuum, and the centrality of the object as a focus in cathexis and drive delineation is critically evaluated. The homeostatic notion of equilibration is appealed to in synthesizing the factors emerging from the analysis.
This study examined the relations between physical activity, weight discrepancies, body-cathexis, and indicators of psychological well-being in college women. Factor analysis and zero-order correlation, and partial correlation analyses show that physical activity was not directly related to psychological well-being, however, physical activity did reduce weight discrepancies and improved body-cathexis. When specific body types were examined, there were distinctive patterns of satisfaction with body parts and processes depending on whether the women's body types conformed to or deviated from idealized weights and heights.
This study measured unconscious cathexis and conscious association with dream content, using the Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement (KTSA), with subjects reporting recurring, past-recurring, and nonrecurring dreams. Unconscious cathexis of dream content was noted for recurring dreamers; conscious association with dream content was not. The results suggest that the KTSA is a valuable instrument for the empirical study of unconscious processes and that the contents of recurring dreams are particularly salient in a dreamer's unconscious.
AIMS: Various questionnaire measures have been developed to study body attitude and affect. The Body Cathexis Scale (BCS) was the first psychometric instrument devised to measure body dissatisfaction. In this study we report the validation of the Italian version of the BCS. Reliability and validity studies were conducted on 86 female subjects with eating disorders and 404 general population subjects. RESULTS: Factor analysis yielded three factors called "Bust", "Weight-related Body Shape and Functions" and "Physical Functionality". Internal consistency was 0.90 (Cronbach's alpha). Test-retest reliability was 0.81. Criterion and concurrent validity are considered and norms as percentiles are reported for age classes.
In an exploratory examination of the dimensionality of body perception in terms of satisfaction with body aspects, a principal components analysis was performed on data from 226 male and female college students. Results indicate that the complex of body aspects can be discussed in terms of a relatively small number of dimensions. The variable content of the factors is interpreted as suggesting the perceptual grouping of body aspects, and in this regard the similarities and differences between males and females are discussed and related to previous research on body-cathexis.
There are more and more references in the literature to patients who are difficult to categorize and who arouse a particular counter-transference reaction of boredom or paralysis in the analyst. The verbal communication seems ineffective, the analysis tends to become prolonged and without real change in the patient. The hypothesis is made that these phenomena may arise from the persistence of certain types of object cathexis originating in the normal autistic phase of development, where bodily sensations predominate and verbal communication is not yet established. Tustin's work is quoted as particularly illuminating this phase of the infant's life, and a clinical example is given.
To examine age differences and the internal structure of the Greek version of the Body Cathexis Scale, 152 women 18 to 45 yr. of age and participating in physical fitness programs took the scale. High internal consistency was evident: in item analysis rs ranged from .29 to .68, split-half r was .89, and Cronbach alpha .92. Factor analysis yielded six factors: (1) Physical Fitness, (2) Total Appearance, (3) Health and Skills, (4) Face, (5) Ears and Chin, and (6) Extremities. These explained 52.5% of the total variance. The higher body satisfaction was observed on the factors, Health and Skills, Ears and Chin, and Extremities. Multivariate analysis of variance of body satisfaction across factors indicated no differences.
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