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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Personality comparison between children of hidden Holocaust survivors and American Jewish parents.

The possibility that the experiences of the "hidden" child survivors of the Holocaust (those who survived outside of the concentration camps during the Nazi occupation) had a pathological effect on their offspring was examined by comparing volunteer, matched samples of adult children of "hidden" child survivors of the Holocaust with adult children of nontraumatized U.S.-born Jewish parents on personality variables measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (Cattell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1970). The MANOVA results indicated that there were no differences in the personality characteristics of the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Five new personality scales: their location in the factor space of personality measures.

Five scales from a picture-preference test (PPT; Auld, 1981) and a sixth, provisional scale from this test, along with some of the best established factorial tests of personality and ability, were administered to 182 university students. The marker tests included the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Hakstian-Cattell Comprehensive Ability Battery, and measures of authoritarian personality traits, obsessionality, and Machiavellianism. In order to determine the factorial composition of the five PPT scales, we computed the correlations among the 53 variables, extracted the 12 significant factors by the principal axes method, and did a direct oblimin rotation. It was shown that three of the PPT scales loaded on a single factor, which was identified as P, Eysenck's "psychoticism." We concluded that the three PPT scales may prove useful as a non-questionnaire approach to measurement of P.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Studies of clobazam and car-driving.

1 The methodology used in studies to assess the effects of drugs on car-driving performance is reviewed. 2 Clobazam 20 mg, diazepam 10 mg or placebo were administered daily for 3 d to 24-male students with a high neuroticism score (on the Cattell Personality Factors Questionnaire). 3 Car driving performance was assessed on the second day in real traffic conditions; tests of attention and concentration and subjective assessments were made on the third day. 4 Diazepam 10 mg significantly impaired braking reaction time in comparison with clobazam 20 mg and placebo (P less than 0.01). Subjects also reported feeling more 'depressed' and lethargic after diazepam.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Selected psychological studies in Horton's headache].

Thirty-one patients with Horton's headaches and a control group of 31 healthy subjects were investigated by means of the 16-factor personality Questionnaire of R. B. Cattell. The group of 31 patients were investigated additionally with the tests of Benton, Bender and the Intelligence Scale Wechsler-Bellevue. Personality questionnaires demonstrated in patients with Horton's headaches a fairly high intensity of factors G and Q4 (frustration of lower needs blocked by higher needs). No changes were found which could suggest presence of cerebral microlesions in the group with Horton's headaches. In the tests for intellectual efficiency the mean results pointed to a slightly above average general intelligence level in patients with Horton's neuralgia and reduced ability of memory, concentration and learning speed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Personality and acute myocardial infarction: distinctive traits].

AIM OF THE STUDY: Aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of peculiar personality traits in patients with acute myocardial infarction as compared with normal subjects. METHODS: The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) by Cattell (D form) is administered to 654 patients (558 males, 96 females) hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction in 16 coronary care units and to 398 normal subjects (261 males, 137 females). The diagnosis of myocardial infarction is made according to the presence of at least two of the following criteria: prolonged chest pain, elevation of CPK and CPKMB (twice the upper normal values), Q wave on the electrocardiogram. The normality of the control group is assured by specific exclusion criteria (cardiac or psychiatric disease, metabolic and endocrine disease, continued therapeutic treatment for any organic disease, or continued assumption of hypnotic and/or anxiolytic drugs). RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, infarcted males result significantly different for factors C, N, Q1, Q4 (p < 0.001), for factors B, O (p < 0.01) and A, H, I (p < 0.05). Females with myocardial infarction differ significantly for factors C, O and I (p < 0.05). Four second-order factors is obtained from Cattell's 16 PF by factorial analysis: QI (anxiety), QII (extroversion), QIII (sensitivity), QIV (superego strength). The infarcted population shows statistically significant differences compared with controls: infarcted males show higher QI (p < 0.001) and lower QII and QIII (p < 0.05) while infarcted females have higher QI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These differences confirm that peculiar personality traits can be found in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In particular, infarcted males are emotionally unstable, anxious, rigid and depressed, and have problems in communication with others; infarcted females differ from the normal population for being emotionally unstable, anxious and for having a less flexible mental disposition. The higher anxiety level in patients with acute myocardial infarction may be related to the neuroticism that, in other studies, has been often found to be associated with cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, with respect to the normal population, patients with acute myocardial infarction appear to be anxious introverts, with conflictual personality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Empirical study of enuresis: clinical features and personality].

The aim of this study is the descriptive analysis of the symptom "enuresis" in a sample of children with diverse psychopathological alterations and its relationship with the personality features. The results obtained have been shown in a sample of 225 children (120 M, 105 f) whose ages are between 8 and 12 years. The diagnoses have been achieved in the clinical psychological ward for children in Virgen de la Arrixaca hospital, Psychiatric Section. They have been classified into three diagnostic categories: 1. Emotional disorders. 2. Behavioural disorders. 3. Other disorders. The personality feature of these children has been studied with the help of the application of the Cattell Questionnaire-CPQ, using 13 primary factors of personality.

Cattell Personality Factor Questionnaire↗
PubMed1983

The personality pattern of patients with chronic peptic ulcer. A case-control study.

The personality assessment of 96 patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and 70 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) was carried out using the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). Two control groups were used; one group comprised community controls and the other patient controls--that is, patients with cholelithiasis. Three of the four personality characteristics that distinguished female GU and/or DU patients from controls--emotional instability, tension, and anxiety--and the two characteristics that distinguished male GU patients--low enthusiasm and low self-control--are components of neuroticism. Female GU patients in exacerbation resembled those in remission, and GU and DU patients had similar personality profiles. Although a distinct personality pattern has yet to be identified in peptic ulcer, the results of this study and others suggest that both GU and DU are associated with the personality abnormalities of anxiety and neuroticism.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Psychometric comparisons of trainees and consultants in anaesthesia and psychiatry.

Two psychometric tests were taken by trainees in anaesthesia and psychiatry, and by consultant practitioners in these specialties. The Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire measured primary and secondary aspects of personality. The Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory assessed interests, and compared the results with those of the test's control subjects who worked satisfactorily in one of 162 occupations. All clinician groups scored highly in intelligence, innovation, self-sufficiency, and interests in the arts and medical science. Anaesthetic trainees were very similar to psychiatric trainees except in the quality, tender-mindedness, in which the psychiatrists' mean score was much higher. Trainee anaesthetists closely resembled consultants in that specialty, except that the younger group was more apprehensive and less conscientious. Consultant anaesthetists were more conscientious, realistic, conventional, and had more "tough-poise" than consultant psychiatrists, who were higher in social interests and tender-mindedness. These differences appear to be largely the result of the types of practice in these specialties, rather than reasons people chose their fields. It is unlikely that these tests would be useful in the process of trainee selection, but the possibility that psychometric tests could be devised for that purpose must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The anticipation of death by violence: a psychological profile.

College students (n = 172) completed Cattell's personality factor questionnaire, Rotter's locus of control scale, Speilberger's trait anxiety measure, and Sabatini and Kastenbaum's self-completed death certificate. Comparison of profiles for subjects anticipating sudden violent death (SVD, n = 59) with those anticipating natural death (ND, n = 113) disclosed that the SVD group was characteristically more anxious and socially isolated. A sex-by-type of death interaction occurred for locus of control, with SVD females being the most external, suggesting that this group was more likely to "give up" in response to stress. The data support Shneidman's concept of subintentioned death in disclosing that several personality factors may be associated with violent death.

Accidents↗
PubMed1977

Personality and physiological traits in middle-aged runners and joggers.

A series of personality and physiological tests and measurements were made in 48 healthy male runners and joggers 40-59 years of age (x = 47.3 yrs.). The Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire showed that the subjects were significantly more intelligent, imaginative, reserved, self-sufficient, sober, shy, and forthright than the general population. A maximal treadmill test revealed the men to be well above the mean for their age in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness. The men who had run a marathon race and the 40-49-year-age group were higher in terms of fitness than nonmarathoners and the 50-59-age groups, but the groups differed very little from each other on personality characteristics. Middle-aged runners and joggers either possess or develop high levels of self-sufficiency and imagination and tend toward introversion in their personality makeup. It is not known for sure if these factors are a result of or a casual factor in their habitual exercise pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Personality, alcohol consumption, and menstrual distress in young women.

There has been a longstanding hypothesis that some women develop alcohol dependence as a result of drinking to alleviate premenstrual dysphoria. This study investigated the relationship between personality factors, alcohol consumption, and menstrual distress symptoms in nonalcoholic drinking young women. Normally menstruating women monitored their alcohol intake and physical and affective distress symptoms daily for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Subjects were unaware that their menstrual cycles and symptoms were being monitored. Subjects also completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Cattel's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), and the Vando Reducer-Augmenter Scale. The MMPI scales were factor analyzed to reduce the number of variables. Four derived MMPI factors were added to the VANDO, the three EPQ factors, and the four higher order factors of the 16PF to provide a total of twelve personality predictors. Separate regression analyses were carried out between personality factors and both alcohol consumption and menstrual distress. The results revealed that the women who drank more tended to be significantly more extroverted, spontaneous, carefree, and open to change. By contrast, women who reported greater over-all menstrual distress tended to be less capable, secure, and well-adjusted and reported a greater number of emotional and psychological problems. There was no correlation between alcohol consumption and menstrual distress. It was concluded that the results contradict the alcoholism-menstrual cycle hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The psychological profile of parents who volunteer their children for clinical research: a controlled study.

Three standard psychometric tests were administered to parents who volunteered their children for a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a new asthma drug and to a control group of parents whose children were eligible for the trial but had declined the invitation. The trial took place at a children's hospital in Australia. The subjects comprised 68 parents who had volunteered their children and 42 who had not, a participation rate of 94 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively. The responses of these parents to the Gordon Survey of Interpersonal Values Questionnaire, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire were analysed by computer. There was a marked difference between the psychological profiles of the two groups of parents. Volunteering parents put more value on benevolence while non-volunteering parents were more concerned with power and prestige. The self-esteem of volunteering parents was much lower than that of non-volunteering parents. Finally, volunteering parents were more introverted, exhibited greater anxiety and low supergo, while non-volunteering parents appeared to have greater social confidence and emotional stability. Since an individual's values, self-esteem and personality may be important antecedents of behaviour, these findings suggest that parents who volunteer their children for clinical research are not only socially disadvantaged and emotionally vulnerable, but may also be psychologically predisposed to volunteering. Furthermore, these findings provide evidence for the existence of a psychosocial 'filter' effect of the informed consent procedure, which may be discouraging the better educated, more privileged and psychologically resilient members of society from participation as research subjects.

Australia↗
PubMed2001

Personality change as defensive responses of patients evaluated for liver transplant.

Patients affected by endstage liver disease and awaiting liver transplant suffer very stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the person ality and behavioral responses of a group of liver transplant candidates, 95 men (M age 50 yr.) and of a group of 18 normal men (M age 49 yr.). The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire of Cattell, and the PSY Inventory for Behavioral Assessment were administered to assess personality and behavior. On the 16PF Questionnaire, patients had significantly different mean scores from normal subjects on Scale B- (low mental capacity), G (conformity), N (shrewdness), and Q1- (conservatism). They also showed a somewhat lower but not a statistically significant mean on Scale E (submissiveness). In addition, on the four second-order factors of the 16PF (Anxiety, Control, Pathemia, and Extraversion) patients had a significantly higher mean on Control. With respect to PSY Inventors factors, patients showed impairment in energy, sleep, sexual disturbances, and obsessive behaviors. It appears these patients with endstage liver disease, who were evaluated for liver transplant, showed psychological regressive functioning, i.e., high control and dependency on medical staff, submissiveness, which are interpretable as defensive responses to upcoming transplant.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Influence of chronic toxoplasmosis on some human personality factors.

An effect of parasites on host behaviour was tested on the toxoplasma-human model. Three hundred and thirty-eight (338) people were assessed with Cattell's personality questionnaire and then tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection with a delayed type hypersensitivity test for Toxoplasma. A highly significant correlation between chronic toxoplasmosis and two personality factors (G-Low Superego Strength and L-Protension) was found (p = 0.0032 and 0.0020, respectively). A correlation of the intensity of the personality factor-shifts with the duration of the infection (estimated from antibody titer) suggests that toxoplasmosis induces the shift in human personality, rather than the personality factors G and L influence an acquisition rate of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Hypothalamic digoxin, hemispheric dominance, and family bonding behavior.

The isoprenoid pathway produces endogenous digoxin, a substance that can regulate neurotransmitter and amino acid transport. Digoxin synthesis and neurotransmitter patterns were assessed in individuals with differing family bonding patterns. The family bonding patterns were assessed by the FACES scale--family adaptability and cohesiveness evaluation scale. The criteria given in the handbook for the 16 PF--16 personality factors questionnaire by Cattell, Eber, and Tatsouke--was also chosen for assessing the individual personality aspect of family bonding after suitable modification. The patterns were compared in those with right hemispheric and left hemispheric dominance. Digoxin synthesis was increased with upregulated tryptophan catabolism (increased levels of serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine) and downregulated tyrosine catabolism (decreased levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and morphine) in those with reduced family bonding and right hemispheric dominance. Digoxin synthesis was reduced with downregulated tryptophan catabolism (decreased levels of serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine) and upregulated tyrosine catabolism (increased levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and morphine) in those with increased family bonding and left hemispheric chemical dominance. Hypothalamic digoxin plays a central role in the regulation of family bonding behavior. Hemispheric chemical dominance in relation to digoxin status is also crucial in this respect.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Demographic, attitude, and personality differences reported by students enrolled in online versus traditional courses.

This study investigated demographic, personality, and attitude differences between students enrolled in online courses and students enrolled in traditional, lecture courses. Subjects were 120 education majors enrolled in required Master's of Education core courses. Students enrolled in either online (n = 51) or traditional course format (n = 69) during summer and fall semesters 2001. The two groups of students were compared on an author-designed questionnaire assessing students' demographic characteristics and attitudes toward both online and traditional instruction and the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Analysis indicated high demographic and interpersonal similarity between students enrolled in online course formats and students enrolled in traditional, face-to-face course formats. Significant differences in attitude were found between the two groups; online courses were rated higher by online students but viewed with considerable ambivalence by students enrolled in traditional section courses.

Adult↗