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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Liver cirrhosis with and without mention of alcohol as cause of death.

Changes in the estimated proportion of liver cirrhosis deaths attributable to alcoholism in the United States from 1940 to 1980 are reviewed. The value of this proportion from 1940 in the original Jellinek Alcoholism Estimation Formula, through Formula modifications, to 1980 use are presented; the rationale for various changes in its value are discussed. Essex County, New Jersey, USA decedents in 1984, aged 25-years or older, whose underlying cause of death was specified alcoholic cirrhosis and those who died of cirrhosis without mention of alcohol are analyzed for differences in background and post-mortem characteristics. Some appreciable proportion of cirrhosis deaths without mention of alcohol is considered to be attributable to alcoholism. Background and post-mortem differences between persons whose underlying cause of death is certified as cirrhosis with and without mention of alcohol suggest some bases for the under-reporting of specified alcoholic cirrhosis mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Electrocardiographic observation on goats with urea-ammonia poisoning and a consideration on the main cause of death.

Changes in electrocardiograms, blood pressure, pH, and partial pressure of gases (Po2 and Pco2) in arterial blood were studied in goats poisoned by urea or ammonium compounds under spontaneous and artificial respiration and in nonconvulsive state. Abnormal electrocardiogram patterns, such as ventricular flutter, ventricular premature beat, atrioventricular dissociation, depression of ST-segment and sinus tachycardia, were all observed after the occurrence of tetanic convulsion. The electrocardiogram pattern seen at the respiratory arrest showed sinus or supraventricular tachycardia; respiratory arrest preceded cardiac arrest in all the goats, but one. Blood pressure was markedly elevated, accompanied with tetanic convulsion. Po2 decreased gradually and the level was below 30 mm Hg (37.0 degrees C) at respiratory arrest and the final opisthotonus. Artificial respiration starting at the final opisthotonus could delay the cardiac arrest. Under nonconvulsive urea-poisoning with gallamine triethiodide and with artificial respiration of air or a mixture of air and oxygen to elevate the Po2 level, changes of electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and Po2 were similar to those seen under convulsive urea-poisoning. The main cause of death was discussed and presumed to be respiratory and cardiovascular failure.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1989

A study of multiple causes of death in California: 1955 and 1980.

Multiple cause of death patterns in California for 1980 were compared to a similar study of deaths conducted in 1955. Primary underlying causes of death changed, mainly reflecting the emergence of respiratory cancer as a major cause of death in 1980. The number of causes reported per death increased from 1955 to 1980, in all age and sex groups. Diseases of the arteries and pneumonia, which are among the most common underlying causes of death, appeared more often on death certificates in both 1955 and 1980 as contributing causes than as underlying the death. Diabetes was studied in detail in the 1955 report, and comparisons were made in 1980 to show increases in the proportions of deaths with this disease and corresponding increases in its prevalence among the living population from the National Health Survey. Multiple cause of death data can provide further information on the prevalence of a fatal disease in a population and its relative role in contributing to mortality, and can also provide new information on diseases that contribute to deaths, which was not previously available in population-based studies of single cause of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Changing patient characteristics in chronic hemodialysis.

Patients accepted to chronic hemodialysis have changed. We analyzed these changes and survival, cause of death and other factors during 23 years at the Karolinska Hospital. Between 1965 and 1987, 274 patients were accepted: 60 are alive on dialysis, 75 died, 113 were transplanted, 25 sent to other units and one recovered renal function. The mean age increased from 44 to 55 years (p=0.001), the creatinine level at acceptance decreased from 1191 to 965 mumol/l (p = 0.001), the hemoglobin level rose from 70 to 85 g/l (p = 0.001) and the diastolic blood pressure decreased from 96 to 90 mmHg (p = 0.007). The number of co-morbid conditions increased from 1.2 to 1.4 (p less than 0.005). The diagnoses changed from over 90% primary renal disease to 20% systemic diseases such as nephrosclerosis and diabetes (p = 0.04). The chance of receiving a renal transplant decreased from 46 to 39% (p = 0.28). The transplanted patients were younger than the dialyzed patients 42 vs 47 years (p = 0.03) before 1980 and 49 vs. 56 years (p = 0.0001) after 1980. The cause of death changed. Withdrawal from dialysis increased from 5% of deaths before to 24% after 1980 (p = 0.047), cardiovascular deaths decreased from 85% to 55% (p = 0.01). Although the patients accepted for dialysis after 1980 had more serious renal disease and other degenerative diseases than those before, the mortality rate was reduced to only 1/4 to that before, in all age groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pregnancy-related mortality in New Jersey, 1975 to 1989.

OBJECTIVES: National data are thought to underestimate pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. A multisource surveillance system for pregnancy-associated deaths in New Jersey offers an opportunity to identify the magnitude of and the trends in pregnancy-related mortality at the state level. METHODS: Data from all reported pregnancy-related deaths in the state from 1975 to 1989 were studied, and pregnancy mortality ratios were calculated. RESULTS: The New Jersey pregnancy mortality ratio decreased from the late 1970s to the early 1980s but began to rise in the late 1980s. The pregnancy mortality ratio for non-Whites was 3.6 times that for Whites for the 15-year period. The causes of pregnancy-related deaths changed over the 15-year period, with direct obstetrical causes playing a decreasing role. AIDS has become the major cause of pregnancy-related mortality in New Jersey. Finally, approximately 44% of the pregnancy-related deaths were considered to be preventable by the physician or patient or both. CONCLUSIONS: New efforts must be made to combat the recent rise in pregnancy-related deaths, with special attention to preventing deaths among non-White women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Maternal mortality in the Maltese Islands.

Maternal mortality statistics from the Maltese Islands since 1935 are reviewed to show that there has been a marked decrease in maternal mortality rates. This decrease is probably related to reductions in family size and improvements in the perinatal care of mothers. Hypertensive disease is now the most important cause of maternal mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The onset of decline in ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States.

Temporal and spatial patterns of the onset of the decline in ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States for each of the 48 contiguous US states and the District of Columbia are examined for the years 1955-1978 for age-sex-race-specific mortality. Mortality rates are derived from National Center for Health Statistics mortality data, and a polynomial interpolation is used to estimate intercensal population counts employing 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980 US Census data. A quadratic regression equation is used to estimate the date of highest rate, which marks the beginning of the decline for each of the US states. The temporal distribution of the onset of the decline among men occurred primarily between 1960 and 1965. Among women, the onset of decline was more variable. Furthermore, strong and regular spatial patterns were seen among the groups examined and these impressions are supported by statistical analysis. California, Maryland, and the District of Columbia were early decliners in most groups studied, whereas states in the southeast were consistently among the last to experience the onset of decline. These patterns suggest the existence of an underlying phenomenon accounting for the spread or diffusion of the onset of decline in ischemic heart disease mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Age, period of death and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Italy, 1955-1979.

Trends in death rates from all suicides and specific methods of suicide in Italy over the period 1955-79 were analysed on the basis of age-specific and age-standardised rates, and through a log-linear Poisson model to isolate the effects of age, birth cohort and calendar period. In both sexes, a large decrease in mortality from suicide was evident in the late 1950's and early 1960's. Thereafter, death certification rates showed fluctuating trends up to the mid 1970's, when steady increases became evident for both sexes. Nevertheless, overall age-standardized mortality rates from suicide in the late 1970's were still considerably lower than in the two previous decades (15% in males, 7% in females). The observed variations in suicide mortality, mostly in males, can be explained in terms of period of death effect and be related to changes in the Italian economic situation. This view finds further support from analysis of age-specific trends (e.g. mortality rates in the younger age groups started rising in the early 1970's, together with a rise in unemployment rates among the young). Cohort curves for males born in the current century were U-shaped as well, with marked declines for generations born between 1905 and 1930, and moderate increases for more recent cohorts. For females, the cohort curve was remarkably flat. Some of the changes in the various methods of suicide can be explained in terms of well-defined exogenous factors (e.g., the large fall in poisoning by domestic gas is obviously attributable to domestic gas detoxification).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The causality of lunar changes on cardiovascular mortality].

The author confirmed, based on different ways of processing of 1437 sudden cardiovascular deaths, that the frequency of these deaths changes in the course of the synodic moon with two maxima during the lunar quarters. Processing by the method of transfer of epochs made it possible to shift steadily the mortality curves according to the phase of solar activity. This made the author assume that the cause of the phenomenon of two-phasic change of mortality during lunation cannot be only gravitation (sudden tides) and that in addition the interfering influence of solar corpuscular radiation is involved. It is known that this radiation causes geomagnetic disorders. Consistent with the above view it was proved that in the course of lunation the greatest number of geomagnetic disorders occur at a time close to the lunar quarters. Then, as the author proved--aurora polaris is more frequent. The increased cardiovascular mortality is thus associated with an increased geomagnetic activity. The relationship is certainly not direct. The author indicates further trends of research to disclose the immediate causes which exert an unfavourable effect on our cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Perinatal mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh: a community-based study.

Perinatal deaths, comprising stillbirths and deaths during the first week of life, were monitored over the eight-year period 1979 to 1986 in a rural Bangladeshi population of 196,000. The perinatal mortality rate was 75 per 1000 total births. The rate was 13% higher in males than females. Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality rates were 37 and 38 per 1000 total births, respectively. The major causes of perinatal deaths are presented, as well as some of the maternal determinants. During the period under study, perinatal mortality declined regularly and significantly over time in an area covered by an intensive Family Planning and Health Services programme, but not in the adjacent control area. This raises the issue of the impact of such a programme upon perinatal mortality, and the need to include a strong maternity care component into primary healthcare strategies if further reductions of perinatal mortality are to be achieved.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1989

Perinatal mortality in rural Tanzania.

Prolonged labour was the most frequent cause of perinatal death in a rural hospital in the south western highlands of Tanzania. After the introduction of an obstetric policy aiming to prevent prolonged labour by making use of the guidelines of the partogram, perinatal mortality was reduced from 71 to 39 per 1000 births. Baird's clinico-pathological classification is still considered a useful instrument for the discovery of avoidable factors in perinatal deaths. The concept of the partogram should be an integral part of the training of medical auxiliaries in the field of maternal and child health (MCH).

Delivery, Obstetric↗