PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Cecum”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Anatomy of the cecum of the dwarf hamster (phodopus sungorus).

The cecal anatomy of the dwarf hamster, Phodopus sungorus, was investigated macroscopically and at the light, transmission electron microscopic and scanning electron microscopic levels. In addition, the arterial supply to the cecum and connecting mesenteries were elucidated. The cecum is divisible into an ampulla ceci and a corpus ceci. In the former, the differentiation of the ileocecal orifice and circumventing fold is described. Scanning electron microscopically, the surface topography of the cecum appears as ring-walled elevations with a central depression and looped configurations, which correlate light microscopically to a "rolling-hills" type mucosa with wide-opened crypts. This type of mucosa is set in contrast to the classically described large intestinal mucosa in man and some other mammals. The present observations are compared with descriptions made on the cecum of the common field vole, Microtus agrestis, also a myomorph but belonging to another subfamily.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Anatomy of the rabbit cecum.

The anatomy of the rabbit cecum was investigated using macroscopic dissections, vascular injections, dried total specimens, light microscopy, and scanning and electron microscopy. The morphology of the three portions of the cecum (ampulla coli, corpus ceci and appendix vermiformis) is described. For comparison, the proximal colon, ileum and sacculus rotundus were also investigated. The thickness of the different layers of the intestinal wall of each area was measured. The arterial supply and mesenteries of the cecum were also studied. The rabbit cecum represents structurally a highly developed organ.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Induction of Na-K-ATPase in plasma membranes to rat cecum mucosa by diet: time course and kinetics.

Dietary polyethylene glycol (PEG) induces an increase in the specific activity of Na+-K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) in the cecum mucosa of rats. Using cecum mucosa homogenates and cellular subfractions obtained by differential centrifugation, the induction process was studied with respect to time course, subcellular distribution and properties of the enzyme. In comparison with controls, Na-K-ATPase specific activity was stimulated in PEG treated rats in the total homogenate and the microsomal (105000 X g) but not in the mitochondrial (9000 X g) or nuclear (1000 X g) sediment. The specific activity of Mg-ATPase did not change in any of the fractions. Na-K-ATPase induction was statistically significant after 2 days and complete after 1-2 weeks, in parallel with the previously described stimulation in net sodium absorption. Kinetic analysis showed Vmax for ATP to be doubled while Km for ATP, Na and K as well as the optimal Mg/ATP ratio and Ki for ouabain remained unchanged. It is proposed that Na-K-ATPase and active sodium transport are closely associated in rat cecum and that dietary Na-K-ATPase stimulation is due to the induction of more enzyme molecules per unit basolateral cell membrane.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

Bacteria isolated from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum of young chicks.

Facultatively anaerobic and strictly anaerobic bacteria colonizing the intestinal tracts of 14-day-old chicks fed a corn-based diet were enumerated, isolated, and identified. Colony counts from anaerobic roll tubes (rumen fluid medium) or aerobic plates (brain heart infusion agar) recovered from homogenates of the duodenum, upper and lower ileum, and cecum varied appreciably among samples from individual birds. Anaerobic and aerobic counts from the duodenum and ileum were similar. Anaerobic counts were highest from the cecum (0.7 X 10(11) to 1.6 X 10(11)/g of dry tissue) and exceeded aerobic plate counts by a factor of at least 10(2). Facultatively anaerobic groups (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli) comprised the predominant flora of the duodenum and ileum, although large numbers of anaerobes (9 to 39% of the small intestine isolates), represented by species of Eubacterium, Propionibacterium, Clostridium, Gemmiger, and Fusobacterium, were also recovered. Strict anaerobes (anaerobic gram-positive cocci, Eubacterium, Clostridium Gemmiger, Fusobacterium, and Bacteriodes) made up nearly the entire microbial population of the cecum. Scanning electron microscopy of the intestinal epithelia of chicks revealed populations of microbes on the duodenal, ileal, and cecal mucosal surfaces.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of bacterial populations of the pig cecum and colon based upon enumeration with specific energy sources.

Concentrations of bacteria in the ceca and colons of pigs were measured by determinations of colony counts on rumen fluid-based media in anaerobic roll tubes. With our most complete medium (medium CCA), the mean colony count of cecal samples from 20 pigs was 2.37 X 10(10) +/- 1.0 X 10(10) (+/- standard deviation)/g (wet weight). The mean number of bacteria attached to or associated with cecal epithelial tissues from three pigs on medium CCA was 2.67 X 10(7) +/- 0.81 X 10(7)/cm2 of tissue. The proportions of gut bacterial populations able to use various energy substrates were estimated on the basis of relative colony counts. The following substrates are listed in descending order of their capacity to support growth of cecal bacteria: glucose, starch, cellobiose, xylose, Trypticase, gastric mucin from swine, mannitol, glycerol, and lactate. The effect of diet upon this distribution was not examined. The relative proportions of bacteria from a given population that were able to grow on various selective media were used as population profiles. Comparisons of populations in this way indicated that differences could be detected between (i) populations from the cecum of littermate pigs, (ii) populations from the cecum and colon of the same pig, and (iii) populations in the lumen of the cecum as compared with populations associated with cecal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Grain overload in cattle and sheep: changes in microbial populations in the cecum and rumen.

Samples from the rumen and cecum of cattle and sheep were cultured to determine changes in microbial populations resulting from overfeeding with grain. Before the animals were overfed, the predominant organisms from both sides were those that grew anaerobically on a relatively nonselective ruminal fluid medium and would not grow on selective mediums designed to culture lactobacilli, streptococci, coliforms, or Clostridium perfringens. By 24 hours after overfeeding, lactic acid bacteria had increased in numbers so that they were the most numerous organisms in both the rumen and the cecum. The concentrations of coliforms and C perfringens also increased after overfeeding and were generally higher in the cecum than in the rumen.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Anatomy of the cecum of the vole, microtus agrestis.

The anatomy of the cecum of the vole, Microtus agrestis, was investigated using macroscopic dissections, "wet" and dried total specimens, and correlated light, scanning and electron microscopy. The cecum of the vole reveals a series of structural differentiations including a mural lip in the ampulla ceci and a spiral fold in the corpus ceci. The mucosa covering the cecal wall possesses short, wide-opened crypts and differs from the classical descriptions of the large intestinal mucosa. Fine structural observations suggest the cecal epithelium to be capable of active absorption. The morphological findings are correlated with the herbivorous habit of the vole and compared with observations in the rabbit and other rodents.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Nucleic acid and protein content of rat cecum mucosa in dietary adaptation-growth by cellular hyperplasia.

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein content of the isolated cecum mucosa was determined in control rats and rats with adaptive cecum growth induced by dietary polyethylene glycol. Feeding the polymer resulted in an increase in the total amount of mucosal nucleic acids and protein which was statistically significant after 2-4 days and reached twice the control value after 2 months. During growth, the protein/DNA, protein/RNA and RNA/DNA ratios remained unaltered, indicating hyperplasia and not hypertrophy of the epithelial cells. The water content of the mucosa increased from 75 to 81% during adaptation, possibly related to the stimulation in active sodium transport reported earlier. Recalculation of parallel Na-K-ATPase data on the basis of DNA demonstrated a doubling of Na-K-ATPase activity per mg DNA in the fully adapted cell.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1975

Effects of diets containing dried whey on the lactase activity of the small intestinal mucosa and the contents of the small intestine and cecum of the pig.

Two studies were conducted to establish the effects of dietary lactose supplied from dried whey on the lactase activity in the contents of the small intestine and cecum as well as the mucosa of the small intestine. In the first study, feeding 0, 10, 25, or 40% dried whey for 120 days did not alter the mucosal lactase specific activity (mumoles galactose released/mg protein) in the duodenum, upper jejunum, or lower ileum. In the second study, total lactase activity in the small intestine was estimated from the total activity found in 10-cm segments of each meter of small intestine. Feeding a diet containing 40% whey continuously from weaning at 5 weeks of age or from 12 weeks of age did not alter the total lactase activity of pigs killed at 21 weeks of age. Dietary lactose tended to increase the lactase activity in the contents of the cecum and small intestine, but the increases were not always statistically significant. In the second study, Chester White pigs had approximately threefold greater mucosal lactase activities than that of Hampshires. These two breeds may be suitable models for detailed studies into the relationships between lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Experimental botulism in chickens: the cecum as the site of production and absorption of botulinum toxin.

Highly purified preparations of Clostridium botulinum toxins were administered to chickens by various routes. Chickens were highly susceptible to type A toxin, but relatively resistant to toxins of other types. Type C toxin (12S) at a dose of 1 X 10(7) mouse ip LD50 failed to kill the chicken by the oral route. Oral administration of 10 or more of type A, C, or D spores killed normal chickens, whereas cecoligated chickens were insusceptible to oral administration of 10(6) spores. These results show that the site of production and absorption of botulinum toxin in chickens is the cecum. Peroral administration of spores of a type C strain cured of its prophages and producing the C2 factor only also killed normal chickens. Chickens appeared to the more susceptible to the C2 factor than to the C1 toxin. The C2 factor, therefore, may play more important role in chicken deaths from toxico-infection with type C organisms. The optimum temperature for growth of C. botulinum types C and D was found to be 40-42 C. Type C and D toxins were significantly more stable than type A toxin in the cecum contents with pH above 7. These characteristics and the high density of distribution of type C spores in the environment may explain prevailing cases of type C botulism among broiler chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Biochemical and cytochemical studies of digestive-absorptive functions of esophagus, cecum, and tequment in Schistosoma mansioni: acid phosphatase and tracer studies.

Acid phosphatase activity was examined, both cytochemically and biochemically, using beta-glycerophosphate (betaGP) and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) as substrates. The hydrolysis of these substrates differs in pH optimum and sensitivity to some inhibitors. A latent component of the enzyme activity could be demonstrated with betaGP but not with NPP as substrate. These differences suggest the presence of multiple enzymes operative at acid pH in S. mansoni. Cytochemical localization of the sites of hydrolysis of these substrates shows the major activity of the digestive system to be in the posterior portion of the esophagus and in the cecum. The reaction product in the posterior esophagus is found in small dumbbell-shaped vesicles and in the basal infoldings, while in the cecum it occurs on the apical plasmalemma, basal infoldings, and in pleiomorphic vesicles. The electron-dense tracers, ferritin, peroxidase, Thorotrast, and latex beads were all ingested but none was phagocytized. Tracer material was found in some "apparent" vesicles with subsequently were shown by the lanthanum staining technique to be in communication with the extracellular space.

4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Diastatic perforation of the cecum without distal obstruction. Case report and review of the literature.

We present the first reported case to our knowledge of diastatic rupture of the normal cecum following cardiac surgery. All other reported cases of diastatic rupture of the cecum are reviewed. Nasotracheal intubation, hypoxemia, and enemas are thought to contribute to this complication. Prophylactic cecostomy for cecal diameters greater than 9 cm is recommended. Cecostomy and drainage are generally the treatment of choice should perforation occur.

Cecal Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Reticulum cell sarcoma of the cecum and macroglobulinemia: a case report.

A case report is presented of an 81-yr old male who developed a reticulum cell sarcoma of the cecum while on immunosuppressive therapy for 13 yr for a primary diagnosis of macroglobulinemia. The considerable overlap between immunoproliferative disorders and the increased incidence of malignancies in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Structure of bile acids associated with secretion in the rat cecum.

An isolated in vivo rat cecal loop technique was utilized to determine what structure of bile acids is required to stimulate net colonic secretion of water and sodium. A dose response curve for water and sodium movement was determined for deoxycholic acid (1-6 mM) and chenodeoxycholic acid (3-6 mM). Both of these bile acids were associated with significant secretion of water and sodium at 4 mM concentration. Therefore, this concentration was used for all test bile acids studied. Test solutions included the tri- and di-substituted bile acids: cholic acid, hyocholic acid, 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha-trihydroxycholanic acid, 3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-7-ketocholanic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, 3 alpha-hydroxy-7-ketocholanic acid, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxycholanic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid. Only three bile acids, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and 7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxycholanic acid were associated with net secretion of water and sodium. Cecal histology after incubation with bile acids revealed mucosal alterations in those sacs in which secretion occurred, but not where absorption was noted. These data indicate that bile acid-associated water and sodium secretion in the rat cecum requires a specific bile acid structure with a definite spatial relationship of the hydroxyl groups. Secretion occurred only with two alpha-hydroxyl groups in either the 3, 7, or 12 positions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Perforation of the cecum, as a complication of pleural biopsy.

A case of a rupture of the cecum following pleural biopsy in a patient with lung carcinoma complicated by inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is reported. We hypothesized that this unusual complication was caused by a neurogenic effect caused by the trauma of the biopsy causing an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system producing a sympathetic predominance leading to adynamic ileus and subsequent perforation.

Aged↗