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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential uptake of tritiated digoxin in benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms.

The purpose of this study was to measure uptake of tritiated digoxin by neoplastic tissues known to have differential contents of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na + K + ATPase), the presumed receptor for digoxin. Tumor samples were removed at the time of craniotomy in seven patients with meningiomas (Group 1) and seven patients with more malignant central nervous system tumors (Group 2) (three astrocytomas, three glioblastomas, one meduloblastoma). Patients with meningiomas were found to have a significantly higher digoxin uptake (21.8 +/- 7.3 ng/gm tumor versus 5.7 +/- 5.2 ng/gm tumor; (p less than 0.01) and a significantly greater tissue/serum ratio (13.9 +/- 11.7 versus 3.26 +/- 3.7, p less than 0.0). This study provides the first demonstration of increased uptake of digoxin by noncardiac pathologic tissues. The results are most likely due to differences in the number of digoxin receptor sites.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

"Concentration x time" methotrexate via a subcutaneous reservoir: a less toxic regimen for intraventricular chemotherapy of central nervous system neoplasms.

Neurotoxicity associated with intrathecal methotrexate therapy has been shown to correlate with elevated concentrations of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as with the total cumulative dosage. In our study 19 patients with meningeal leukemia were randomized to receive courses of intraventricular methotrexate via an Ommaya reservoir consisting of either single injections of 12 mg/sq m/dose or a low-dose "concentration x time" (C x T) schedule of 1 mg every 12 hr for 3 days. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the rate of remission induction, the number of relapses, or the durations of remission. The mean (+/- 1 SD) cumulative methotrexate dose was 66 +/- 41 mg/sq m in the C x T group and 173 +/- 64 mg/sq m in the 12 mg/sq m/dose group (p less than 0.005). Neurologic toxicity occurred in one of the eight patients in the C x T group and in seven of ten patients in the 12 mg/sq m/dose group (p less than 0.05). These observations suggest that the C x T dosage schedule is less neurotoxic and equally effective in the treatment of central nervous system leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytology of primary neoplasms of the central nervous system.

The case histories of 273 patients with primary neoplasms of the central nervous system seen in The New York Hospital and Memorial Hospital during the years 1968 through 1973 were reviewed. Neoplastic cells were identified in cytologic preparations obtained from 76 patients. These include patients with meningioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, pineoblastoma, and pituitary adenoma. It is concluded that there are certain suggestive cellular features of these neoplasms in cytologic preparations, but additional studies are needed to establish the cytomorphologic characteristics which may aid in the differential diagnosis of primary intracranial neoplasms from extracranial neoplasms which are metastatic to the central nervous system.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1977

Some descriptive epidemiologic features of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms in childhood, in Manitoba, Canada.

In an attempt to describe epidemiologic features to generate etiological hypotheses and to study natural history, 121 cases of childhood CNS neoplasms under 15 years of age, occurring during 1950-66 in Manitoba, were analyzed. The incidence of CNS neoplasms in childhood (2.4/100 000 per annum) ranks second only to leukemia in Manitoba. For both sexes somewhat elevated incidences were noted for both extreme age groups; i.e. 0-4 and 10-14. Such peaks were more prominent for gliomas, which may indicate differential factors operation in the genesis of gliomas between early and late childhood. The former may be related to genetic and/or perinatal environmental factors and the latter, to environmental factors, in early childhood. Excess occurrences of gliomas among Irish, Scottish and Icelandic offsprings were observed, which possibly indicates the importance of either genetic or environmental factors peculiar to these ethnic groups. There was no evidence of time clustering (i.e. season and year) by estimated conception or by birth. Further investigation into the relative role of genetic and environmental factor in the genesis of childhood gliomas are in order.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Multiple sclerosis and malignant neoplasms in the central nervous system: a clinical anatomical report of three cases.

There is some evidence that the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is more infrequent than amoung the general population. The examination of 3 MS cases with different type of neoplasms in the central nervous system revealed mainly inactive demyelinated plaques. These plaques and the neoplastic lesions were dispersed diffusely and coincidentally all over the brain and spinal cord. The benign course of MS in all three cases is discussed in relation to the malignant diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of primitive neuroectodermal neoplasms of the central nervous system.

The ultrastructure of one spinal and five cerebral neoplasms diagnosed by light microscopy as primitive neuroectodermal tumors supports a cell population consisting largely of poorly differentiated neuroepithelial cells. The most unique ultrastructure feature was the presence of annulate lamellae in four of the six cases. Glial cells in the neoplasm were not unequivocally of neoplastic origin and were possible reactive. There was no evidence of neuroblastic or neuronal elements, although there was frequently focal early neuroblastic differentiation by light microscopy. Although we have seen neoplasms which are clearly neuroblastic, these particular tumors are not purely neuroblastic and should not be classified as neuroblastomas.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1977

Central nervous system tumors in children.

Of 488 central nervous system neoplasms occurring in children over a 39-year period, 467 were intracranial and 21 were intraspinal. The most common intracranial neoplasms were astrocytoma (28%), medulloblastoma (25%), ependymal neoplasm (9%), craniopharyngioma (9%), and glioblastoma multiforme (9%). The median age at diagnosis was 6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. Overall mean survival was 53.4 months and varied greatly relative to the type of tumor and the location. Of the intraspinal neoplasms the most frequently noted were the astrocytoma (47%) and the ependymal neoplasma (24%). The median age at diagnosis was 10 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The average survival from diagnosis (54.1 months) was comparable to that of intracranial neoplasms. Detailed analyses of each histological type of tumor relative to age at diagnosis, sex, anatomical location and survival from diagnosis are reported for both intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic ventricular cerebrospinal fluid sampling, drug injections, and pressure monitoring using subcutaneous reservoirs in monkeys.

Animal models enabling reliable access to ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are crucial to the study of neuropharmacological and neurotoxicological effects of cytotoxic agents used to treat central nervous system neoplasms. This investigation concludes that 4th ventricular catheterization using subcutaneous CSF reservoirs in rhesus monkeys: (a) provides chronic access to sterile CSF without chronic immobilization, (b) enables mixing of injected drugs with lateral ventricular CSF, (c) permits sensitive monitoring of intraventricular pressure and (d) does not produce tissue damage during cannula implantation or breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Glioblastoma multiforme in children.

Of 488 children with central nervous system neoplasms, 43 (8.8%) had glioblastomas, 22 of which were in the cerebral hemispheres, 16 in the brain stem, two in the cerebellum, and three in the spinal cord. The male to female ratio was 3:2. Glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebral hemispheres occurred at a mean age of 12.7 years, and the frontal lobe was the most commonly involved. Main presenting symptoms included headache (85%), nausea or vomiting (65%), and seizures (35%). Papilledema (45%) was the most common physical finding. The longest survivals were achieved by a combination of operation and radiation (22 months). Brain stem glioblastomas occurred at a mean age of 6.7 years, with the pons as the most frequent site. Nausea or vomiting (50%) and headache (36%) were the main presenting symptoms; the major physical findings were ataxia (43%), cranial nerve palsies (28%), and paresis (28%). The length of survival was greatest with radiation alone (10.5 months). The period of survival of children with glioblastoma multiforme was significantly increased with steroid therapy. Glioblastoma multiforme behaves similarly in children and adults. Intracranial glioblastomas have a more rapidly fatal course than that of other similarly situated gliomas in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Tissue cultures from cerebrospinal fluid specimens in the study of human brain tumors.

The authors report a study in which 109 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients with varying neurological disorders were incubated in tissue culture medium for 1, 3, and sometimes 7 days. Strict criteria for malignancy were applied to cells found at these intervals. In 35 patients with verified central nervous system neoplasms, eight cases had malignant cells and 11 others had "doubtful" cells by tissue-culture analysis. Thirty-three of these cases were also examined with standard millipore cytological techniques: six had malignant cells and four had "doubtful" cells. Of 50 cases with inflammatory or other non-neoplastic conditions, cells were cultured in 13. None was considered malignant by our criteria. Tissue culture of CSF has several potential benefits. Even with stringent criteria, it is possible to demonstrate the presence of unequivocally malignant cells in CSF by tissue culture. The systemic application of such criteria may eventually increase the positive identification of malignancies. Further, since these cells are growing, the degree of malignancy may be more accurately determined by a study of growth in culture. Such a study could not be done by conventional methods. Finally, tissue culture can help to guide therapy in certain instances in which a surgical biopsy cannot be obtained.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Immunoblastic sarcoma (histiocytic lymphoma) of the brain with B cell markers. Case report.

A group of central nervous system neoplasms, previously known as reticulum cell sarcoma or microglioma, and recently classified as malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type, not infrequently occur in patients with immunodeficiency, either primary or induced by immunosuppressant drugs. The authors report such a neoplasm in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura immunosuppressed with azathioprine and prednisone. The neoplasm was studied with several immunological techniques and by electron microscopy. The neoplasm had B lymphocyte membrane markers and showed plasmacytic differentiation. These features suggest that it was a tumor of transformed B lymphocytes (immunoblasts).

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

Role of radiation therapy in the management of neoplasms of the central nervous system.

Radiation therapy plays an important role as an adjunctive treatment modality with surgery and/or chemotherapy in a number of primary and secondary CNS neoplasms, including glioblastoma multiforme, lower grade gliomas, brainstem tumors, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, most pituitary and parapituitary tumors, brain metastases, and epidural spinal cord metastases; it also has an important function in the total management of childhood leukemia. Radiation therapy can also be extremely effective as the primary or sole treatment of pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngioma, and cerebral and epidural metastases. The relative roles of, and indications for, surgery versus irradiation have been discussed. There is clearly a need for more information regarding the natural history relative response of specific tumors to the various therapeutic modalities available, as well as the most effective and safe ways to combine treatments. To this end, it is mandatory that surgeons, radiotherapists, neurologists, pathologists, and internists begin to intercommunicate more freely and objectively. Hopefully, in areas that continue to be controversial, well-designed clinical trials can begin to furnish the necessary answers. This is particularly relevant as all of the disciplines mentioned are developing newer and hopefully more effective diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗