PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Central chimpanzee”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

A new southern limit for the distribution of African great apes: sympatric western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and central chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) confirmed in Mayombe National Park, Angola.

The distribution of African great apes has remained unconfirmed regarding their southern limit, particularly on the western side of the continent. IUCN maps include the Mayombe forest of Angola as part of the estimated distribution of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes). However, until now no published evidence-based records had confirmed the continued presence of both species. The Mayombe forest is a key biodiversity hotspot and a potentially important stronghold for the conservation of great ape populations in Africa. Here, we report the first systematic evidence of both species in the Mayombe National Park, Cabinda, Angola. In 2023, a grid of camera traps was systematically deployed, producing the first visual records of gorillas and chimpanzees. Building on these findings, in 2024, a pilot survey including ad libitum field observations was carried out along exploratory trails to maximise data collection. The combination of these records identified a hotspot of great ape activity where six transects were established, and systematic direct and indirect evidence was documented. Chimpanzees were recorded more times across a broader range of evidence categories, while gorillas appeared less and seemed more spatially restricted. Notably, both species were detected at overlapping sites but never simultaneously, indicating sympatric coexistence with spatio-temporal partitioning. These findings confirm the southernmost predicted distribution of both species for this part of Africa, filling critical gaps in the understanding of great ape evolution and biogeography, and providing a baseline for the first demographic and ecological census of great apes in Angola.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

STRONGYLID COINFECTIONS IN SYMPATRIC CHIMPANZEES AND GORILLAS FROM THE REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO REVEALED BY FECAL METAGENOMICS.

Soil-transmitted strongylid nematodes are common intestinal parasites of African great apes, yet most surveys have relied on microscopy or targeted PCR assays that are limited in taxonomic breadth and comparability across hosts. I reanalyzed 46 publicly available shotgun fecal metagenomes from sympatric central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes; n = 18) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla; n = 28) in the Goualougo Triangle, Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of the Congo, to test whether host species structures genus-level strongylid community composition and relative read signal. Non-host reads were classified against a custom strongylid-focused database targeting 4 genera repeatedly reported from African apes: Ancylostoma, Necator, Oesophagostomum, and Trichostrongylus. All 4 focal genera were detected in every library under baseline filtering, and multi-genus detection remained robust under increasingly stringent read-count thresholds. However, host species differed strongly in community composition. Chimpanzee libraries had relatively even genus-level profiles, whereas gorilla libraries were consistently Necator-dominated. Gorillas also had substantially higher relative strongylid read abundance. The results show that shotgun metagenomic reanalysis can recover host-structured strongylid community signals from wildlife samples and can complement targeted parasitological surveys in conservation and One Health surveillance.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cytomegalovirus isolation from a chimpanzee with acute demyelinating disease after inoculation of multiple sclerosis brain cells.

A strain of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was isolated during the third subcultivation of explants from the left frontal lobe of a chimpanzee that developed paralysis more than 3 years after intracerebral inoculation at birth with brain cell cultures derived from a patient with multiple sclerosis. Another strain of CMV was also isolated from a lymph node culture taken from the same chimp. The isolates, designated MZM-13 and MZM-14, produced a cytopathic effect characteristic for CMV when inoculated into brain, ganglion, or fibroblast cultures of human or simian origin. Infected cells contained characteristic Cowdry A intranuclear as well as intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and 100-nm spherical herpes-like virus particles were detected by electron microscopy in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells. Virus was further identified as CMV with convalescent human anti-CMV serum. Complement-fixing antibody to CMV was present at a titer of 1:32 when the acutely ill chimpanzee was sacrificed. No antibody was detected at birth or at 1 or 2 years of age. A newborn chimpanzee inoculated intracerebrally with MZM-13 developed clinically asymptomatic lesions in the central nervous system characterized by acute and chronic inflammation and degeneration of myelin in cranial and spinal nerve roots. Restriction endonuclease analysis of viral deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from these two viruses indicated that MZM-13 and MZM-14 are identical and are closely related to chimpanzee CMV. No similarity in restriction endonuclease fragment patterns was found between MZM virus and the Towne and Clegg strains of human CMV.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Microvascular architecture of anthropoid primate intestine.

Microvascular architecture of the small intestine of New World monkey, ape, and man was examined with the silicone rubber injection technique and the results compared to previous observations in dogs and Old World monkeys. In man, chimpanzee, and New World monkey the small intestine villus contains a single centrally located vein draining a subepithelial capillary plexus converging at the apex of the villus. These villi also contain a single eccentrically located artery rising to the midlevel of the villus, where it branches into subepithelial capillaries over the rest of its length. This vascular architecture most closely resembles that observed in the gut of Old World monkeys in which the villus artery is absent altogether. This observation contrasts the microvascular architecture of canine intestinal villi in which marginal arteries surround a centrally located vein. These patterns of microvascular anatomy are analyzed in terms of the role of the gut in the pathogenesis of experimental shock. The differences observed may account for the known species variations in canine and primate experimental shock.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Interspecies Organoids Reveal Human-Specific Molecular Features of Dopaminergic Neuron Development and Vulnerability.

The disproportionate expansion of telencephalic structures during human evolution involved tradeoffs that imposed greater connectivity and metabolic demands on midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Despite the central role of dopaminergic neurons in human-enriched disorders, molecular specializations associated with human-specific features and vulnerabilities of the dopaminergic system remain unexplored. Here, we establish a phylogeny-in-a-dish approach to examine gene regulatory evolution by differentiating pools of human, chimpanzee, orangutan, and macaque pluripotent stem cells into ventral midbrain organoids capable of forming long-range projections, spontaneous activity, and dopamine release. We identify human-specific gene expression changes related to axonal transport of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species buffering and candidate cis- and trans-regulatory mechanisms underlying gene expression divergence. Our findings are consistent with a model of evolved neuroprotection in response to tradeoffs related to brain expansion and could contribute to the discovery of therapeutic targets and strategies for treating disorders involving the dopaminergic system.

Brain evolution↗
PubMed2026

A Multiepitope Intranasal Adenoviral Vaccine Induces Robust Mucosal Immunity and Protection against SARS‑CoV‑2.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination has been central to mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has reduced the effectiveness of current intramuscular vaccines that primarily target the Spike (S) protein. Although updated formulations are periodically introduced, there remains a critical need for next-generation vaccine platforms capable of inducing broad, variant-independent protection. Here we evaluate a heterologous intranasal (i.n.) prime-boost vaccination strategy using bovine adenoviral (BAd) and chimpanzee adenoviral (ChAd) vectors expressing the S1 subunit in combination with either full-length membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins (Ad-S1 + N + M) or multiepitope constructs derived from M and N (Ad-S1 + Epi/N + Epi/M). The constructs were incorporated with the autophagy-inducing peptide C5 (AIP-C5) to enhance antigen-specific T-cell responses. RESULTS: In BALB/c mice, Ad-S1 + Epi/N + Epi/M vaccination induced robust S1-specific immunity while simultaneously inducing strong N- and M-specific humoral and cellular responses that were comparable to or greater than those induced by Ad-S1 + N + M. All S1-containing formulations generated high neutralizing antibody titers (~ 3.8 log₁₀) against Omicron B.1.1.529 and BA.2.86 variants, although titers against the ancestral Wuhan strain were approximately one log₁₀ lower. In K18-hACE2 mice, i.n. immunization with S1-expressing vectors provided near-complete protection against BA.2.86 challenge, with undetectable lung viral titers and viral genome copies. CONCLUSION: An i.n. multiepitope adenoviral vaccine incorporating conserved SARS-CoV-2 antigens induces robust mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses and confers significant protection following SARS-CoV-2 challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Virulence and immunogenicity of a temperature-sensitive dengue-2 virus in lower primates.

Clones of dengue-2 virus were tested for virulence by inoculation of rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. Although primates showed no overt signs of illness, inoculation with the parent virus or a subline of a large-plaque clone resulted in a viremia lasting 1 to 7 days. By these criteria, sublines of a small-plaque clone were significantly less virulent and produced little or no viremia in primate hosts. Although they had a substantially reduced viremia, primates inoculated with the small-plaque sublines showed stimulation of complement-fixing, hemagglutination-inhibiting, and neutralizing antibodies. The protection afforded rhesus monkeys 3 months after inoculation with two of the small-plaque sublines was demonstrated by a lack of viremia and a failure to escalate preexisting antibody levels after challenge with the parent virus. Both the S-1 subline and the parent virus had a limited capacity to produce central nervous system pathology in monkeys inoculated intrathalamically and intrathecally. Evidence thus far accumulated for primates indicates that the S-1 subline of dengue-2 virus has potential value as a candidate vaccine virus.

Animals↗