SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
From the dried roots of Cephaelis acuminata, five tetrahydroisoquinoline-monoterpene glycosides, 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyldemethylalangiside, demethylisoalangiside, 6"-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylipecoside, 6"-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylipecoside and (4R)-4-hydroxyipecoside, were isolated. The structures of these glycosides were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means.
Transformed root cultures of ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha A. Richard), one of the recalcitrant woody plant species for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, were established by co-culturing of in vitro petiole segments with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15 834. Southern blot analysis of the established roots revealed that only the TL-DNA was integrated into the plant genome without incorporation of the TR-DNA. The transformed roots grew slowly on phytohormone-free solid medium and adventitious shoots were regenerated after over 6 months of culture on HF, half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium in the dark. The individually separated transformed shoots developed into plantlets on phytohormone-free solid medium at 25 degrees C under 16 h/day light, and the plants demonstrated wider leaves, shorter internodes and vigorous root growth compared to non-transformed plants. Effects of basal media and auxins on the growth and the ipecac alkaloid production of the transformed roots were investigated either under light or in the dark. The roots cultured in the dark grew well in Gamborg B5 (B5) liquid medium containing 0.5 mg/L IBA and yielded 112 mg/L of cephaeline and 14 mg/L emetine after 8 weeks of culture.
Reproductive studies were carried out on Brazilian accessions of ipecac, Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Meiotic behavior was studied using the squashing technique. Irregular chromosome segregation in meiosis I and II, many sets of chromosomes in telophase II, micronuclei, incorrect cytoplasm division, incomplete cytokinesis and anomalous post-meiotic products, mainly polyads, were observed. The mean meiotic index was lower than 72%. Pollen viability was analyzed using Alexander solution, and the percentages ranged between brevistylous and longistylous floral morphs (85.3 to 93.1%), and among different localities (82.5 to 92.6%) analyzed. The size of pollen ranged between viable and sterile, and empty and shrunken sterile. In its natural habitat, this species is known to propagate by vegetative multiplication, but sexual reproduction seems to be as important as the vegetative propagation to this species.
From the dried roots of Cephaelis acuminata, five ipecac alkaloids, neocephaeline, 7'-O-demethylcephaeline, 10-O-demethylcephaeline, 2'-N-(1"-deoxy-1"-beta-D-fructopyranosyl)cephaeline and 2'-N-(1"-deoxy-1"-beta-D-fructopyranosyl)neocephaeline, were isolated, along with emetine, cephaeline, psychotrine, protoemetine, 9-demethylprotoemetinol and isocephaeline. Structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A 3D cephalometric analysis method from a scanner acquisition, has been developed thanks to a long collaboration between the CIRAD modeling Laboratory and Jacques Treil. The model of skeletal description is based on eight landmarks related to the neuromatrical axis of facial growth (heads of the mallei, supraorbital, suborbital, submental points); it has been abundantly described. The purpose of this work consists in presenting the dentoalveolar level of the analysis. The description and the marking of the arches and the teeth mainly rest on the systematic use of a mathematical tool, the calculation of the central matrix of inertia, and on three fundamental choices: the identification of the dental arches from their constituting teeth leaving aside any alveolar marking, the marking of each tooth relative to the arch, as it can be observed by the orthodontist's eye, and not relative to the craniofacial architecture, the definition of the position of each tooth by the orientation of its coronoradicular axis and not its sole buccal side, Their uses in orthodontics are numerous: diagnosis, choice of the mechanics, therapeutic simulation, therapeutic follow up, analysis of the findings... Clinical applications illustrate the theoretical presentation.
The concentration of creatinine in serum, which is used to estimate glomerular filtration rate, is measured by reaction with alkaline picrate, but this reaction is not specific for creatinine. Although several other cephalosporin antibiotics have been reported not to react with picrate, we reacted picrate with creatinine, cefoxitin, penicillin, and eight different cephalosporins, and found that all compounds reacted with picrate and showed superimposable spectrophotograms with absorption maxima at 485 nm. From these results we conclude that the color-absorbing moiety of the product is the picrate molecule. Further, the structure common to creatinine and the cephalosporins, cefoxitin, or penicillin is the carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen and a carbon atom. We postulate that the carbonyl group with the adjacent carbon and nitrogen atoms is probably the chemical moiety that reacts with picrate to absorb energy at 485 nm.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
In mice treated with cepharanthine (Cepha), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, the number of T cells was increased in the parathymic lymph nodes (PtLNs) which are considered to be the specialized lymph nodes in local differentiation of T cells. Such PtLN cells exhibited augmented proliferative responses to T cell mitogens and exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2) and showed a great ability to produce IL2, which suggests an increase in mature T cells in the PtLN. However, such increases in the number of T cells and in the mitogen response were not observed in adult thymectomized mice. A low level of plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was observed in Cepha-treated mice. Replenishment of the PGE2 in such mice with exogenous PGE2 prevented the increase in T cells in the PtLN. These results suggest that the migration of mature T cells from the thymus to PtLN is increased by Cepha and that Cepha is able to regulate their traffic by a prostaglandin-mediated system.
Some cepha antibiotics interfere positively in the Jaffé method for determining creatinine. The extent of this interference differs with the modification used, and its mechanism is unknown. We studied the spectrophotometric and thermodynamic properties of the reaction of picrate with creatinine and two cepha antibiotics, cefoxitin and cephalothin. The absorbance spectra of the chromophore produced by each of the three compounds when reacted with picrate were essentially identical, with an absorbance maximum at 485 nm. We determined the molar absorptivity, rate constant, and equilibrium constant for the reaction of the three compounds with picrate. The molar absorptivity was similar for creatinine and cefoxitin but about fourfold smaller for cephalothin. The rate constant and equilibrium constant for the reaction with picrate were respectively 20- and 10-fold greater for creatinine than for either of the two cepha antibiotics. Thus, these differences indicate the mechanism by which these two cepha antibiotics interfere with the Jaffé procedure for creatinine, and explain why the degree of interference depends on details of the procedure.
A technique based on multisyringe chromatography (MSC) was developed to determine three beta-lactamic antibiotics. Amoxicillin (AMOXI), ampicillin (AMPI) and cephalexin (CEPHA) were analyzed using a system with a very simple design and very low-cost equipment consisting of a multisyringe module, three low-pressure solenoid valves, a monolithic Chromolith Flash RP-18e column and a diode array spectrophotometric detector monitoring at 250 nm. Mobile phases containing methanol:acetic acid (0.1 M)-sodium acetate (0.1 M), pH 6.2, were tested for various ratios of methanol:acetic acid-sodium acetate, but a ratio of 10:90 gave optimum results with a flow rate of 2 ml min(-1). Validation parameters were evaluated for amoxicillin. The response to amoxicillin was linear over the range 0.04-0.4 mg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996; precisions, evaluated as the repeatability for 0.04, 0.16 and 0.4 mg/mL amoxicillin, were 0.6%, 0.1% and 0.6%, respectively. Recovery from a generic formulation of amoxicillin was evaluated. The method showed selectivity in the presence of excipients commonly used in capsules, and satisfactory specificity was observed for amoxicillin and hydrolytic degradation products. The linearity was also evaluated for cephalexin and ampicillin. The conditions selected for MSC separation were compared with those for a HPLC system, and similar results were obtained in terms of chromatographic parameters but a difference in retention times was observed.
True prophylaxis of intra-abdominal nongynecologic infections is limited to elective, nonemergency surgery and is best shown in three clean-contaminated surgical procedures. All of these have an infection rate of approximately 10 to 20 percent and include all colon resection surgery, most gastric surgery, and about one third of the cholecystectomies for chronic calculous cholecystitis. Each of these three surgical procedures has a somewhat different pattern of bacterial pathogens. The most useful comparative studies of early preoperative therapy have been performed in cases of suspected appendicitis (50 percent of which usually show perforation or gangrene at the time of surgery) and penetrating abdominal wounds (80 percent of which usually enter some part of the bowel and theoretically soil the peritoneum). These procedures are usually classified as contaminated, with a 20 to 30 percent infection rate, or dirty, with a more than 30 percent infection rate, depending upon several factors. Comparative investigations of intraoperative and postoperative antibiotic therapy of established intra-abdominal infections are more difficult to obtain because of the heterogeneity of the sites, organisms, and medical and surgical therapy. The initial pathogens causing secondary peritonitis and hepatic, perirectal, diverticular, and most other types of intraperitoneal abscesses are mixed coliforms and anaerobes, with emphasis on the anaerobes. Retroperitoneal abscesses, pancreatic abscesses, and biliary tract infections are predominantly caused by coliforms. The organisms responsible for these early infections are usually community-acquired rather than more antibiotic-resistant hospital-acquired bacteria. Considering the availability of a large number of effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agents and therapeutic combinations, it has become increasingly difficult to assess the rightful place of any new prospective antimicrobial regimen unless it has quite unique characteristics. Most empiric therapy in established intra-abdominal infection studies have compared gentamicin and clindamycin, the most popular regimen in the United States over the past 15 years, with a cephalosporin, broad-spectrum penicillin, or aminoglycoside, either alone or together with clindamycin or metronidazole. Results have usually been considered similar in most studies, although in some studies, agents with limited Bacteroides fragilis activity, such as cefamandole or cefaperazone, have been considered inferior. Most new prophylactic regimens have been compared with the first-generation cephalosporins and, again, similar results have been obtained between the groups with two exceptions. Cepha
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-3-carboxy-2-propenoamido]cepha los porins and their derivatives are described. These compounds are of interest as carbon analogues of oximecephalosporins, 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2(Z)-oxyiminoacetamido]cephalo spo rins having remarkable antibacterial activity. The synthesized 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-3(Z)-carboxy-2-propenoamido]-c eph alosporins (14, 19) show improved activity especially against the beta-lactamase-producing strains. A 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl) maleimido]cephalosporin (15) has been also prepared by cyclization of 7-[3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-ethoxycarbonyl-2(Z)-propenoamido++ +]cephalosporin.
The 75th meeting of the French Orthodontics Society will be held in Biarritz May 8-9-10-11 2002. The main topic for discussion will be: "facial asymmetry". During the meeting, authors will present study of facial asymmetries using a new innovative three-dimensional cephalometry. The method combines CT scans data, anatomical landmarks and mathematical tools to create, using the "Cepha" software, a 3D model of the human face. Balance and symmetry of the model are stable enough to define normality for each individual even with different ethnic and cultural origins. Unbalance and asymmetry characterize pathologies. Follow up shape and size of models allows growth prediction and modeling. The model is in the process of becoming the indispensable reference for all those who are interested in studying the human face: Orthodontics, Surgery, Anatomy, Anthropology, Plastic surgery, Forensic Medicine.
Cefoxitin interferes with determination of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. The apparent concentration of hormone is increased from three- to 10-fold in samples from patients receiving cefoxitin when the Amberlite XAD-2 "Clini-Skreen" column is used. To determine the mechanism of interference, we reacted aqueous solutions of cefoxitin, cortisol, cortisone, and 11-deoxycortisol with phenylhydrazine; recorded the adsorption spectra; and determined the molar absorptivities and the equilibrium and rate constants. Also, we recorded the absorption spectra of phenylhydrazine with eight other cepha antibiotics and benzylpenicillin. Cortisol, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and cefoxitin react with phenylhydrazine and absorb light with superimposable spectra and absorption maxima of 410 nm. The other antibiotics react with phenylhydrazine but absorbance maxima of the products vary, none being at 410 nm. Cortisol, cortisone, and 11-deoxycortisol react with phenylhydrazine 35-fold faster, have equilibrium constants ninefold greater, and have molar absorptivities 1.6 times that of cefoxitin. Thus, cefoxitin interferes with determination of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids by forming a chromophore with the same absorbance maximum and with a molar absorptivity similar to cortisol, but much more slowly.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.