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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Cervical orthoses effect on cervical spine motion: roentgenographic and goniometric method of study.

Movement of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane was studied in ten normal subjects from 20 to 30 years of age without and with four different cervical orthoses: (1) polyethylene Camp plastic collar with chin and occiput piece, (2) plastizote Philadelphia collar, (3) four-poster and (4) SOMI (sternal occipital mandibular immobilization). The effect of the orthoses on restricting sagittal motion was measured simultaneously using roentgenographic and bubble goniometric methods. The subject was immobilized in a straight back chair to eliminate trunk motion, and lateral cervical spine films were taken of each subject in neutral, flexion and extension without and with each orthotic device. Distortion forces exerted on the orthotic devices were standardized by measurement of pressures at the chin and occiput. Roentgenographic measurements of flexion and extension and anteroposterior displacement of the cervical spine were compared to the measurements obtained by bubble goniometry. The four-poster and SOMI were found to be most effective in restricting extension and flexion respectively. The polyethylene and plastizote orthoses were significantly less effective in restricting motion. The bubble goniometer is an adequate clinical tool in assessing overall flexion-extension of the cervical spine but is not so precise and does not give information on the degree of motion at an individual vertebral level.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of cervical ectropion by cryosurgery: effect on cervical mucus characteristics.

Eighteen women with cervical ectropion and 12 women with ectropion and vaginal discharge were treated by cryosurgery. Evaluation of the cervical mucus characteristics by cervical score and in vitro penetration test was performed before treatment and 2 months later. In the group with ectropion only (group A) the total cervical score was 5.7 +/- 0.4 and 11.9 +/- 0.06 (P less than 0.001) (mean +/- standard error) before treatment and 2 months later, respectively. In the group with ectropion and vaginal discharge (group B) the total cervical score before and after cryosurgery was 3.8 +/- 0.4 and 11.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.001), respectively. In vitro penetration tests in group A before and after treatment were 0.72 +/- 0.1 and 2.9 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.001), respectively. In group B, in vitro penetration tests before and after cryosurgery were 0.25 +/- 0.1 and 2.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.001), respectively. It appears that cryosurgery improves the cervical mucus characteristics. It is recommended that infertile patients with hostile cervical mucus and ectropion will be treated by cryosurgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Development of the sex difference in neuron numbers of the superior cervical ganglion: effects of transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk.

The number of superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons does not differ for males and females on the day of birth, but by 15 days, after most of the normal neuron death has occurred, males have significantly more neurons than females. This difference persists in the adult. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the presence of afferent input to the SCG is required for the development of this sex difference. Bilateral transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk, which deafferents the SCG neurons, or a sham operation was performed on male and female Sprague Dawley rats on the day of birth. Numbers of neurons were counted in SCGs of animals sacrificed on either postnatal day 4 or 15, before or after normal development of the SCG sex difference. At 4 days, the number of SCG neurons in sham-operated males and females were not different, but by 15 days, females had lost a significant number of neurons, whereas the males had not. Transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk led to a significant loss of over 6,000 SCG neurons by postnatal day 4 in both males and females. Whereas some of this loss is due to axotomy of caudally projecting SCG neurons, at least half of the neuron loss is due to removal of the afferent input. At 15 days, sham-operated males had significantly more SCG neurons than did sham-operated females, but the gender difference was not significant in animals with neonatally deafferented ganglia. Thus, the normal development of the gender difference in SCG neuron numbers requires an intact afferent input.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of cervical collars on standing balance.

The effect of cervical collars on standing balance in two age groups was examined. Twenty healthy women aged 60 to 78 years and 20 healthy women aged 18 to 29 years stood on a Kistler force platform with and without a cervical collar. Total, lateral and anteroposterior sway velocity were measured in each of three positions; long-base stance and eyes open, wide-base stance and eyes open, and wide-base stance and eyes closed. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p < .05) between the collar and no collar conditions for any of the standing balance measures. Older women had significantly more sway velocity (p < .001) than younger women during long-base standing both with and without the collar. Also they showed significantly more sway velocity in both the total (p < .01) and the anteroposterior (AP) directions (p < .001) of wide-base standing. There were no significant lateral sway velocity differences (p < .05). With eyes closed, sway velocity was greater in all age groups. In the wide-based condition there were significant differences in sway velocity between AP (p < .001) and total and lateral (p < .01). These results indicate that a cervical collar does not disturb standing balance in healthy women in the age groups tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Experimental cervical myelopathy. Effects of ischemia and compression of the canine cervical spinal cord.

The authors report experiments designed to test the effect of regional ischemia induced by selective vascular ligations and anterior compression of the cervical cord at two adjacent segments (C-4, C-5) in the same dog. They conclude that local ischemia of the cervical cord, caused by local deformation, when superimposed on a regional reduction in spinal cord blood flow, accounts for the myelopathy of cervical spondylosis whether produced experimentally in animals or occurring naturally in man.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of cervical vagus nerve stimulation on hypothalamic neuronal activity.

The effects of cervical vagus nerve stimulation on the activity of 56 neurons recorded in various parts of the rat brain were determined. Recordings were made from neurons in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres during vagus nerve stimulation. Both frequency, 10 to 100 Hz, and voltage, 1 to 20 V, of 0.5 msec pulses were applied to the nerve in a random manner over a 4 sec period while monitoring ongoing single neuronal activity. Frequency response relationships were established for 64% of the lateral preoptic-lateral hypothalamic-medial forebrain bundle (LPA-LH-MFB) neurons which were tested. Four types of LPA-LH-MFB neuronal responses were observed. Twenty percent of the neurons increased in discharge frequency as stimulation frequency was increased, 9% increased in discharge frequency as stimulation frequency was decreased, 23% decreased in discharge frequency as stimulation frequency was increased, and 14% decreased in discharge frequency as stimulation frequency was decreased. Increasing the stimulation voltage always enhanced the magnitude of the effects observed due to changing the stimulation frequency. Neurons observed in some other parts of the brain were not affected by the same stimulation. In addition, cells tested in the LPA-LH-MFB area which were previously tested and affected by gastric distension were also affected similarly by vagus nerve stimulation. Results are discussed in terms of peripheral afferent control over LPA-LH-MFB neuronal activity related to ingestive behavior.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1987

Neuroparalytic keratitis and the effect of cervical sympathectomy following operative procedures for trigeminal neuralgia.

A study of 248 patients who underwent operative procedures for trigeminal neuralgia over a nineteen year period is presented, with particular reference to those who developed neuroparalytic keratitis to see if cervical sympathectomy had any protective effect on the cornea. 51 patients underwent cervical sympathectomy, 46 as a prophylactic procedure, and 5 as a treatment for neuroparalytic keratitis. Of these patients 3 (5.9%) developed neuroparalytic keratitis, but 2 of them had had an inadequate sympathectomy. Forty seven patients who did not undergo cervical sympathectomy had either an anaesthetic cornea or a reduced corneal reflex, and of these 11 (23.4%) developed neuroparalytic keratitis. An adequate cervical sympathectomy therefore appears to have a protective effect on the cornea against the development of neuroparalytic keratitis.

Cervical Plexus↗
PubMed1991

Effect of cervical traction with a tenaculum on the uterocervical angle.

The effect of cervical traction on the uterocervical angle was measured radiographically in 24 women undergoing diagnostic curettage. A radio-opaque guidewire was inserted through the cervical canal into the uterine cavity and a lateral pelvic X-ray taken before and after traction. The traction force was measured with a spring-balance attached to the tenaculum. Cervical traction in a caudal direction (force 2 N) reduced the median uterocervical angle, from 75 degrees to 10 degrees (P = 0.001). Moderate cervical traction straightens the uterus and the routine use of a tenaculum theoretically makes insertion of an intrauterine device safer and the passage of an embryo transfer catheter less traumatic.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1985

In vitro penetration of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus: effects of sperm washing and exposure to low temperature.

Standardized bovine cervical mucus penetration by human sperm in vitro provides information for evaluating male fertility. Normal semen specimens from 20 sperm donors and 17 infertile men were tested for cervical mucus penetration. Rigorous control of test temperature was necessary to guarantee the reliability and reproducibility of cervical mucus penetration. Sperm washing was found to significantly improve cervical mucus penetration for infertile men, from 18 +/- 2.2 to 27 +/- 3.4 mm, P less than .025. Sperm washing for normal donors had no apparent effect on cervical mucus penetration (58 +/- 1.5 mm prewash, 55 +/- 1.7 mm postwash, P greater than .1). The authors conclude that: 1) temperature for cervical mucus penetration testing is critical to reliability, and 2) cervical mucus penetration is a useful screening tool for in vitro procedures proposed to improve sperm function.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of cervical headgear on the cant of occlusal plane].

With the purpose of investigating the effect of cervical headgear on the cant of the occlusal plane; 7 males and 13 females as the experimental group, 7 males and 13 females as the control group summing up to a total of 40 individuals were included in this study. The experimental group was composed of 20 subjects whose cronological age mean was 9 years 11 months and 13 had skeletal class 1 structures where the remaining 7 had skeletal 2 structures and all had clinically diagnosed as Angle Class II, 1 malocclusion cases while the lack of space in the upper arch was lower than 6 mm. In order to be able to identified the difference which might occur by growth and development, a control group of 20 subjects of which 13 had skeletal class 1, the remaining 7 had skeletal class 2 structures, was included in the study. Cervical Headgear which the outher bows ended at the projection of the distal points of the upper first permanent molars were bent parallel to the occlusal plane was applied to the experimental group. Extraoral force of 600 gr. was applied for 16 hours per day. A total of 80 cephalometric radiographs of all subjects included in this study were taken before and after the research period. The SN/Occ. plane angle which indicates the cant of occlusal plane was traced on the cephalometric radiographs. The cephalometric radiographs taken before and after the research period were locally registered for both maxilla and mandibula separately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

Effect of cervical spine motion on the neuroforaminal dimensions of human cervical spine.

A nerve root impingement within a stenotic neuroforamen is a common sequela of cervical degenerative arthritis and herniated nucleus pulposus. Understanding of the effects of cervical position on foraminal size is important in the assessment of pathology and injury, for selection of a provocative maneuver to elicit symptoms and in selecting a position of immobilization for the management of nerve root impingement syndrome. This biomechanical study of human cadaver cervical spines reports the measured variations in the sizes of neuroforamina as a function of cervical positioning. Five fresh frozen adult human cadaver cervical spines (C2-T1) were tested with combinations of flexion-extension and rotational position. Ten pounds of axial load was applied to simulate a normal loading of a cervical spine. The foramina of C5, C6, and C7 were directly measured using a set of finely graded circular probes. Compared to the foraminal diameter at the neutral position, there were statistically significant reductions in the foramen diameter of 10% and 13%, at 20 degrees and 30 degrees of extension respectively (P < 0.01). Conversely, in flexion, there were statistically significant increase of 8% and 10% at 20 degrees and 30 degrees of flexion respectively (P < 0.01). Though there was a reduction in the foraminal size with ipsilateral 20 degrees rotation, and an increase with contralateral 20 degrees rotation, these changes were not significantly different from the mean of the control. Combinations of flexion or extension position with axial rotation did not significantly change the foraminal size compared to the respective sagittal position with no axial rotation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation and neuropeptide Y (NPY) on cranial blood flow in the cat.

Effects of cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) at 10 Hz and intravenous infusion of neuropeptide Y (NPY), 10 and 100 pmol x kg body wt-1 x min-1 for 5 min, on regional blood flow in the cat were investigated with radioactive microspheres. Sympathetic nerve stimulation caused significant reductions in blood flows in the facial tissues including the eye. Alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine and combined beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol and phenoxybenzamine abolished the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation in most facial tissues except in the tongue, upper eyelid and masseter muscle. In most cranial tissues, neuropeptide Y reduced regional blood flow and increased vascular resistance. No effect of neuropeptide Y on vascular resistance was observed in the choroid. In the present study, evidence for a non-adrenergic component in sympathetic vasoconstriction was found in the tongue, upper eyelid and masseter muscle but not in the majority of feline facial tissues. Neuropeptide Y was a potent vasoconstrictor in many cranial tissues, while in parts of the uvea, the effects of neuropeptide Y were less pronounced.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ischaemia and tissue pyruvate dehydrogenase activities in the rat: a comparison of the effects of cervical dislocation and pentobarbital anaesthesia.

The work defined the relationship between [long-chain acylcarnitine] and PDHa activities in hearts, kidneys and livers of rats sampled after cervical dislocation or pentobarbital anaesthesia. Although tissue [long-chain acylcarnitine] correlated with fatty acid availability or its mitochondrial oxidation in anaesthetized rats, this was not the case for hearts or kidneys of rats sampled after cervical dislocation. Cardiac [long-chain acylcarnitine] and PDHa activities were higher in rats killed by cervical dislocation. Metabolite changes within the hearts were consistent with tissue hypoxia and the effects of cervical dislocation were mimicked in hearts of pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats by 20s ischaemia. Renal and hepatic PDHa activities were unaffected by this short period of ischaemia. The susceptibility of cardiac PDHa to hypoxia or ischaemia may explain the variability in activities often observed within or between laboratories.

Anesthesia, General↗