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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Immunoglobulins, proteinase inhibitors, albumin, and lysozyme in human cervical mucus. I. Communication: hormonal profiles and cervical mucus changes--methods and results.

The serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol-17beta, and progesterone were determined simultaneously with the concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, C'3, alpha1-antitrypsin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, alpha1x-antichymotrypsin, albumin, and lysozyme in cervical mucus during nine ovulatory cycles. Spinnbarkeit and ferning were also assessed, and the basal body temperature was measured and recorded during these cycles. The profiles were synchronized according to the LH peak. The midcycle period, characterized by the rapid increase and decline of estrogen and the beginning rise of progesterone, shows a prounced minimum of immunoglobulins, C'3, proteinase inhibitors, albumin, and lysozyme in cervical mucus, which is known to be most receptive to sperm penetration at this time. Although the variation of cervical mucus values is considerable during the early proliferative and the luteal phases, the midcycle values appear to be constantly low, showing slight differences among the profiles of the different parameters. The statistical evaluation and the assessment of the significance of parameters for ovulation detection and the assessment of the fertile period as well as the correlation of these parameters with basal body temperature will be the subject of the second communication of this series.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Use-effectiveness of natural family planning by ovulation method].

Cervical mucus (CM) peak and plasma LH surge were examined in 19 women. The consistency of the CM peak and ovulation after the plasma LH surge demonstrated that as an indicator of natural family planning (NFP), the CM can scientifically predict the occurrence of ovulation. Based on these results, 300 healthy women were recruited into this study by self examination of CM. A total of 3,393 cycles was observed. There were 29 pregnancies reported, and the continuation rate was 90.3/100 women year. It showed that the NFP is an acceptable, safe and effective birth control method for Chinese women.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Biochemical changes in the cervical mucus after application of laminaria tent.

BACKGROUND: This research was aimed to study the biochemical changes in cervical mucus after application of laminaria tent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cervical mucus was collected before and after insertion of laminaria tent from 20 normal pregnant women in the first and second trimesters. Interleukin-1 beta, IL-8, collagenase activity, elastase activity, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were measured in the collected samples. Laminaria tent was also inserted in one vaginal cervix of five non-pregnant rabbits and the clinical and histological changes were compared with five non-treated rabbits. Collagen contents were assessed histologically and Leukocyte number was counted. RESULTS: IL-1 beta and IL-8 and elastase activity were significantly increased after insertion of laminaria (p<0.0001 and 0.001 respectively). Collagenase activity was not significantly changed. Whereas concentration of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in the mucus were markedly increased (p<0.0001 and 0.001 respectively). Collagen contents were significantly decreased in laminaria and opposite side cervices (p<0.0001). No significant changes in leukocyte count could be observed in treated and non treated cervices. CONCLUSIONS: Insertion of laminaria leads to increase concentration of IL-1 beta, IL-8, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and elastase activity. Mechanical stretching of the cervix and biochemical changes in cervical mucus may explain the mechanism of cervical ripening induced by laminaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family planning. III. Characteristics of the menstrual cycle and of the fertile phase.

Seven hundred twenty-five women of proven fertility recorded the presence of cervical mucus at the vulva in 7514 menstrual cycles. The mean cycle length of the 6472 "normal" cycles was 28.5 days (standard deviation +/- 3.18). The peak day of mucus discharge was the last day of slippery, raw-egg-white-like mucus and occurred on average on day 15 (+/- 2.6). The fertile period was defined as any day on which mucus was reported before the peak day until 3 days after the peak. Its mean length was 9.6 (+/- 2.6) days. The probability of pregnancy was maximal on the peak day and declined on the days before and after the peak.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cervical mucus anti-sperm antibodies: treatment with intrauterine insemination.

PROBLEM: To determine (1) the incidence of cervical mucus anti-sperm antibodies in infertile women, and (2) the results of treatment by intrauterine insemination. METHOD: Cervical mucus was collected the morning after urinary LH surge occurred from 153 consecutive women being treated for unexplained infertility with intrauterine insemination. Immunobead testing for IgG, IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 was performed with only actively motile sperm being counted. RESULTS: Overall, 23/153 (15.0%) of cervical mucus samples were positive for anti-sperm antibodies: 9/23 (39.1%) were only IgA-positive (62% IgA1-positive, 38% IgA2-positive), 11/23 (47.8%) were only IgG-positive, and 3/23 (13.0%) were positive for both IgA and IgG. Insemination resulted in a pregnancy in 6/23 (26.1%) of women with cervical mucus anti-sperm antibodies after 1-3 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Testing for cervical mucus anti-sperm antibodies should be performed in cases of "unexplained" infertility, and intrauterine insemination may be an effective treatment, resulting in pregnancies in over one-fourth of couples.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1985

The prediction of ovulation: a comparison of the basal body temperature graph, cervical mucus score, and real-time pelvic ultrasonography.

Ninety-five menstrual cycles were studied in 20 women undergoing donor artificial insemination (AID). In 49 cycles basal body temperature (BBT) changes were charted daily and both daily cervical mucus scoring (modified Insler score) and daily realtime ultrasonography (USS) were performed from day 11 to ovulation. AID was performed only on the day of follicular rupture. A control group, not subjected to USS, were inseminated two to three times per cycle over 46 cycles in the periovulatory period. The Insler score was found to be a reliable indicator of follicular development and rupture. The BBT was found to be less reliable than the Insler score or USS. While USS may be used to confirm follicular development, the Insler score is reliable and less costly.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1991

Effects of intranasal administration of norethisterone on folliculogenesis, cervical mucus, vaginal cytology, endometrial morphology and reproductive-endocrine profile in women.

The effects of intranasal administration of norethisterone (NET) on menstrual cycle length, folliculogenesis, serum levels of estradiol, FSH, LH and progesterone, vaginal cytology, cervical mucus and endometrial morphology were studied in 8 volunteers (age 28 to 39 years, weighing between 46 and 54 kg). The study period comprised 4 consecutive menstrual cycles. In the first cycle (pretreatment cycle), only the vehicle (alcohol, propylene glycol, water; 3:3:4) was sprayed intranasally (100 microliters in each nostril), using a metered nebulizer, once daily from day 3 to the last day of menstrual cycle. In the next two cycles (treatment cycles), NET (300 micrograms/day) was administered once daily, starting from day one of menstrual cycle, between 9 and 10 a.m. The fourth cycle was a post-treatment cycle in which the volunteers were monitored for recovery. Blood samples (about 5 ml each) were collected once daily from day 8 to 24 and thereafter on alternate days until the last day of cycle during all the 4 cycles. Levels of estradiol, FSH, LH and progesterone were measured in the serum samples by radioimmunoassay methods. Cervical mucus samples and vaginal smears were collected once daily starting from day 7 or 8 of each cycle until the mucus was very scanty. Serial pelvic ultrasonography was performed starting from day 7 or 8 until the growing follicle disappeared or throughout the cycle in case a growing follicular cyst was observed. Endometrial aspirates were collected once around day 22 in each cycle and processed for routine histological examination.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

Comparative evaluation of two methods of natural family planning in Columbia.

Results of a comparative study of the ovulation method (OM) and symptothermal method (STM) of natural family planning in Colombia are presented. Recruitment of volunteer couples began in August, 1976, and continued through December, 1978, during which time 566 couples were randomly assigned to one or the other of the two methods. The study included 3 to 5 months of training in the method assigned, after which the couples entered the follow-up phase of the study. They remained in follow-up until (1) they dropped out or (2) the study closed in June, 1979. Total dropout rates were high for both methods of natural family planning. One year after entry into the follow-up phase of the study, net pregnancy rates were 24.2% for OM users and 19.8% for STM users. Gross pregnancy rates were 29.2% for OM and 26.1% for STM. Differences in pregnancy rates between the two methods were not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗