Cesium metabolism in sheep and the influence of orally ingested bentonite on cesium absorption and metabolism.
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Absorption↗
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Effect of rubidium, lithium and cesium on brain ATPase and protein kinases.
The authors studied the effect of rubidium, lithium and cesium on the ATPase system and c-AMP protein kinase in brain. They demonstrated that rubidium could replace potassium in the Na+K-ATPase system, whereas lithium and cesium had no effect on this enzyme activity in the absence of potassium. K+-dependent ATPase was activated by even low rubidium concentrations; lithium and cesium inhibited it. None of three (rubidium, lithium and cesium) affected c-AMP protein kinase.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
The effect of cesium salts on dense poliovirus particles.
The buoyant density of dense poliovirus particles has been examined in density gradients other than cesium chloride in order to determine the dependence of this property on the nature of the solvent. In Urografin (sodium and methylglucamine amidotrizoate), dense poliovirus particles banded at two densities--1.33 and 1.39 g/cm(3)--whereas in cesium metrizoate they banded only at 1.39 g/cm(3) and in cesium sulfate at 1.38 g/cm(3). The presence of cesium ions gives rise to the occurrence of dense particles, which are indistinguishable in their buoyant density and sedimentation coefficient from standard poliovirus particles when prepared in the absence of Cs+. In their physical properties dense poliovirus particles are more closely related to rhinoviruses and foot-and-mouth-disease virus, i.e., to members of the genus Rhinovirus, than to standard poliovirus particles belonging to the genus Enterovirus.
Capsid↗
[Cesium].
Cesium is an alkaline metal close to Rubidium, which is studied in psychopharmacology in the prospect of a possible antidepressive effect. It has stimulating properties of the motor activity on the animal, antagonizes some sedative substances but does not modify either self-stimulation behaviour or induced agressivity. Given in large doses, Cesium presents hypertensive effects bound with a stimulation of the adrenal Epinephrine secretion. As for the synapses Cesium increases the neuro-transmitter release. However the Norepinephrine turn-over is not modified in the central nervous system while that of Serotonin is increased as well as the cerebral concentrations of Tryptophan, Serotonin and 5.HIAA. These very fragmentary data about the toxico-pharmacological properties of Cesium, as well as the very prolonged half-life of this ion (from 50 to 100 days), explain that contrary to Rubidium it has not still been used in man.
Animals↗
Selection of chemotherapy for metastatic mammary cancer by effect on cesium-131 uptake.
Cesium-131 was administered intravenously to 39 patients with superficial metastases of mammary carcinoma and the concentration in tumor was compared with that in normal tissue by application of a detector in vivo, before and after 1 to 5 days of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CP), 5-fluorouracil (FU), or diethylstilbestrol. A change of the cesium concentration ratio (tumor/normal tissue) greater than 15% after brief treatment correctly predicted the therapeutic effect after 1 to 39 months on the tumors that were tested in 30 of 33 tests. No reliable correlation could be made in the remaining 21 tests in which the change of ratio was less than 15%. The concentration of cesium-131 in the skin, fat, and skeletal muscle of mice was not appreciably altered by treatment for 5 days with CP or FU.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
[Effect of cesium, lithium and rubidium on several effects of morphine].
The effect of chlorous salts of cesium, lithium, and rubidium on the analgetic action of morphine (according to the vocalization test) and also on the pattern of the dependence on it (according to the so-called "two-bottle test") was studied. As shown, the salts under investigation decreased both the algesic reaction threshold and the duration of morphine-induced analgesia; cesium chloride proved most active in this respect. All the compounds studied decrease the morphine preference coefficient. The greatest effect was found in cesium chloride which decreased the morphine preference coefficient 40-fold as compared to the control.
Animals↗
[Experiences with cesium contact therapy in uterine cancer].
Till the end of 1969 contact therapy (CT) of the cervix and corpus carcinomas was performed with radium at the gynecological clinic of the Medical Academy Dresden. After taking out the radium of the gynecological CT we continued the therapy with cesium. Iitally, there were no experiences with respect to isodoses, periods of storage and efficiency on the tumor. On direct measurement of the provided cesium containers an essential higher dose rate than that of radium was found. This dose rate was twice the rate of radium at a distance of 3 cm. Thereupon the periods of storage were shortened half the time at constant carrier activities. A measurement of the radiation exposure of the bladder and the rectum was performed on priciple. In evaluating the patients radiated with cesium from 1970 to 1972 we discuss the results of the patients treated with radium from 1968 to 1970 by way of comparison. The 5-year healing quotients attained did not show any significant differences.
Cesium Radioisotopes↗
Simultaneous determination of iron, zinc, selenium, rubidium, and cesium in serum and packed blood cells by neutron activation analysis.
We determined the iron, zinc, selenium, rubidium, and cesium concentrations in serum and packed blood cells by instrumental neutron activation analysis without chemical separations. Lyophilized samples were irradiated for 12 days at a flux of 10(13) neutrons-cm-2-s-1, mineralized by wet digestion, and measured two times with a high-resolution Ge(Li) detector--for 6 h about a month after the irradiation and for 15 h two or three months after the irradiation, The following values were obtained: 163 +/- 0.43 mg/liter (serum iron), 1025 +/- 136 mg/kg wet wt (packed cells iron), 1¿ +/- 0.20 mg/liter (serum zinc), 11.15 +/- 1.83 mg/kg wet wt (packed cells zinc), 0.13 +/- 0.02 mg/liter (serum selenium), 0.16 +/- 0.03 mg/kg wet wt (packed cells selenium), 0.17 +/- 0.04 mg/liter (serum rubidium), 4.28 +/- 0.98 mg/kg wet wt (packed cells rubidium), 0.74 +/- 0.20 microgram/liter (serum cesium), and 4.82 +/- 2.10 microgram/kg wet wt (packed cells cesium).
Blood Cells↗
Cesium determination in physiological fluids and tissues by field desorption mass spectrometry.
Quantitative ultratrace analysis (10 nmol to 10 mumol/l) of cesium in biological samples such as human body fluids and animal tissues is performed without any prior purification or concentration steps. The normal level of cesium ions in heart cells was determined. After poisoning these cells with high concentrations of the alkali cation much higher levels were found inside the cells then had been suggested previously. It is demonstrated that field desorption mass spectrometry is a unique tool for the qualitative and quantitative investigations of metal cations in biological material.
Cesium↗
[Blastomogenic effect following single and chronic exposure to a mixture of cesium-137 and strontium-90].
The rate of tumor incidence in different rhythms of rat stomach exposure to cesium-137 and strontium-90 was analysed. The correlative values of the administered nucleids activity were selected by analogy with their content in global natural fall-out. In single exposure to the concentrations of 400 and 100 mc/per rat of cesium-137 and strontium-90 mixture accordingly, osteogenic osteosarcomas developed approximatley 4 times as frequently as in chronic administration of the same radionucleids in concentrations of 2 and 8 mc/per rat, correspondingly.
Adenoma↗
[Evaluation of the protective effect of Prussian blue, sodium alginate and calcium phosphate according to tumor development after single and chronic exposure to strontium 90 and cesium 137 mixture].
The mixture of radionuclides was employed in the concentrations of 100.0, 400.0 and 0.8, 2.0 mc/rat for strontium-90 and cesium-137 in single and chronic administration correspondingly. Prussian blue, sodium alginate and calcium were employed in amounts of 50 mg, 800 mg and 258 mg per rat a day. The data obtained are correlated with the results of the same experiments without using the protection. In compared doses of the irradiation the protective action of the substances under study was noted only in chronic experiments. In this case, the appearance of malignant neoplasms was nearly twice less, and the survival was 120 days longer. The absorbed doses were decreased by 17 times for cesium-137 in the whole body and nearly by 4 times for strontium-90 in the skeleton.
Alginates↗
Structural determination of 'cord factor' from a Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain by a combination of mass spectral ionization methods: field desorption cesium cationization and electron impact mass spectrometry studies.
The composition and structure of a preparation of 'cord factor' (di-beta-hydroxy acyl trehaloses) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae have been determined by a combination mass spectral ionization methods. The methods were tested by means of synthetic 6,6'-dicorynomycolate of alpha-D-trehalose prior to their use on natural products. The determination of the molecular weight of the components and the estimation of their relative abundance in the natural mixture were made by field desorption mass spectrometry and cationization by means of cesium iodide. At least 22 molecular species differing from the chain length and the unsaturation degree were detected (carbon numbers C76 to C66). The position of acylation and the nature of the acyl chains were obtained from the electron impact mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. The trehalose molecular was found to be esterified by a complex mixture of corynomycolic acids (3-hydroxy 2-alkyl fatty acids) which were present as saturated, mono-unsaturated and di-unsaturated homologues (carbon numbers C32 to C24). The 6 and 6' sites of acylation were the only detectable ones.
Cations↗
Preparative density gradient centrifugation of RNA and DNA in cesium sulfate-urea mixture.
A new procedure is described for a large scale separation and purification of unfixed DNA and RNA from a mixture of partially extracted nucleic acids and lysates of subcellular fractions by centrifugation to equilibrium in cesium sulfate-urea mixture. Optimum conditions are described for the separation and quantative recovery of both RNA and DNA in a pure form. The procedure allows determination of peak buoyant densities of 4-5s RNA, 7-11s mRNA and total cytoplasmic RNA. The procedure also allows fractionation of small molecular weight classes of cytoplasmic RNAs from the 18s and 28s rRNAs.
Animals↗
[Suicide with cesium-137].
Reported first case of suicide with radioactive substance in Bulgaria. Male, aged 30, defectoscopist, with cyclothymic structure of character and psychotraumatic family environment made a second and successful attempt at suicide, this time by means of outer irradiation with cesium-137 with an activity of 5.3 curie in the course of two hours--irradiated his heart region and the first three fingers of his right hand. A grave picture of acute, local irradiation injury lasting four months with lethal outcome. The authors treat the psychological motives in the behaviour of these suicides and the reasons which determine the small number of suicide carried out with radioactive substance.
Adult↗
Cesium chloride gradients of chromatin after treatment with micrococcal nuclease.
Cesium chloride equilibrium density centrifugation shows that treatment of rat liver nuclei with low concentrations of micrococcal nuclease for extremely short periods of time results in the appearance of chromatin fractions of low protein/DNA ratio and even free DNA. The DNA of these chromatin fractions is shorter than the DNA moiety of one chromatin subunit. The amount of high buoyant density material is decreased with increasing digestion time. We conclude that this material belongs to the minor chromatin fraction which is not organized according to the subunit model.
Animals↗
[Micromethod of ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride].
The micromethod of ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride is described. Band destributions have been analysed by the direct scanning of microtubes with the differential doublewave micro-spectrophotometer at 260 nm. The 10(-8)-10(-9) g of DNA or ribosomes are enough for one analysis, tube volume is 2 mul. The method described permits the simultaneous centrifugation of several probe scores. The error of the beyoant density determination is 0.001 g/sm3 relatively internal standard. DNA's from 5 types of Acetabularia were analysed by the developed technique.
Acetabularia↗
[Evaluation of the effectiveness of cesium removal using ferrocyanides].
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Absorption↗
[Accumulation and distribution of cesium-137 in the organs of carp].
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Animals↗