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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Radioactive iodine and cesium in travellers to different parts of Europe after the Chernobyl accident.

Thyroid uptake of 131I was measured in 130 volunteers following the nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl in April 1986. Ninety of these volunteers had been travelling in different parts of eastern Europe at the time of or immediately after the accident while 40 persons were permanently in Sweden. Also, 28 additional healthy volunteers, living in Sweden, were chosen for a long-term follow-up of the time-course of 134Cs and 137Cs whole body uptake. The highest levels of 131I were found in persons having visited Poland (mean value 3.27 kBq +/- 3.68 SD, extrapolated to April 27) while persons that had stayed in other parts of eastern or northern Europe showed significantly lower levels (p less than 0.01). The whole body burdens of cesium radionuclides were barely detectable immediately after the accident but increased gradually throughout the observed period. After five months nine farmers from a high fallout area in central Sweden had reached mean values of 4.20 kBq (+/- 3.34 SD) of 134Cs and 137Cs while six nonfarmers from the Stockholm area showed significantly lower levels, 0.64 kBq (+/- 0.24 SD, p less than 0.05). The radiation doses from the observed amounts of iodine and cesium isotopes reported in this study reflect only a marginal addition to the already existing dose from the natural environmental background radiation.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

Radioactivity in breast milk and placentas during the year after Chernobyl.

After the April 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, samples of human placenta and breast milk were tested for 1 year to determine the levels of radioactivity. The radionuclide iodine 131 was never beyond the detection limit of our gamma detector for both matrices. As to cesium isotopes 134 and 137, the highest levels detected in breast milk (6 Bq.L-1) and placenta (15.8 Bq.kg-1) were recorded in March 1987. Study data for breast milk and placenta are in agreement with the values calculated by means of double-compartment food-milk and food-placenta models. With regard to placental content, the cesium contribution to the average dose during the year after the Chernobyl accident was calculated to be 40 to 60 microSv.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

[Determination of cesium in human placenta 3 years after Chernobyl].

Three years after the nuclear reactor accident in Chernobyl, 80 human placentae were tested to determine concentrations of cesium 134 and cesium 137 radionuclides. The activities of radionuclides were measured using a low-back ground gamma-ray spectrometry system. Human placentae were obtained from normal and at term pregnancies in women who lived in rural areas of northern-Italy and north-west of Yugoslavia and who in particular used locally grown vegetables and meats. According to the data of other Authors, the low cesium isotopes 134 and 137 levels detected (inferior to 2 Bq/kg) in human placentae suggest that, in the observed geographic areas, the fetal risk following the reactor accident in Chernobyl was negligible.

Accidents↗
PubMed1987

Transport of the radioisotopes iodine-131, cesium-134, and cesium-137 from the fallout following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor into cheesemaking products.

The transport of radiation contamination from milk to products of the cheese making process has been studied. The concentration of radioactive iodine and cesium in samples of sheep milk and cheese (Gruyère) products was measured for 10 consecutive production d. Milk with concentration 100 Bq/L in each of the radionuclides 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs cheese with concentration 82.2 +/- 3.9 Bq/kg in iodine and an average of 42.3 +/- 2.3 Bq/kg in the cesium isotopes is produced. The corresponding concentrations in cream extracted from the same milk are 26.7 +/- 2.8 Bq/kg (131I) and 18.6 +/- 1.9 Bq/kg (134Cs, 137Cs).

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of brachytherapy on the behavior of immunologic circulating complexes in the blood serum of patients with cervix cancer].

Applying the EA and EAC rosettes production inhibition method the appearance and levels of immunologic circulating complexes (CI) in the blood serum of 32 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix and in 100 healthy persons have been evaluated. Immunocomplexes have been examined prior to the initiation of brachytherapy and after three successive applications of radioactive cesium isotope (137Cs). Three successive application of the radioisotope contained and in the uterine probe have been used and a dose up to 2000 cGy in 16-18 hours given on each application. It has been shown that prior to treatment and in some stages of clinical advancement the levels of CI evaluated by two tests are significantly higher as compared with controls. Significant increase of CI levels after successive application of cesium has been also noted. The appearance of CI in patients with cervical cancer indicates the presence of tumor-specific and/or viral antigens in such patients. The elevation of CI levels after cesium application may be result of accelerated release of antigens in the course of brachytherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The accident at Chernobyl and trisomy 21 in Finland.

Our objective was to explore whether the radiation fallout in Finland after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986 led to an increased incidence of trisomy 21. In this geographic and temporal cohort study, the country was divided into three zones according to the amounts of radioactive fallout and internal radiation caused by two cesium isotopes. The 518 cytologically verified cases of trisomy 21 were divided into a control group (conceived before the accident), and a study group of children whose expected dates of birth were in the post-accident years 1987-1988, i.e., pregnancies commenced after May 1986. The cases were also divided into three subgroups according to the zones of radiation. There were no significant differences in prevalence of trisomy 21 between the control and study groups nor between the three zones in spite of the significant differences in the levels of radiation and in the body burden that prevailed throughout the study period. Power estimates showed that in the two zones of lower radiation, an increase of 0.5% in the prevalence would have been detected with a power of 0.85, and in the somewhat smaller zone of the highest radiation, with a power of 0.70. The study lends no further support to the view that the low radiation fallout in western Europe would have been causally associated with trisomy 21.

Accidents↗
PubMed1968

Failure of the Nernst-Einstein equation to correlate electrical resistances and rates of ionic self-exchange across certain fixed charge membranes.

The electrical resistances and rates of self-exchange of univalent critical ions across several types of collodion matrix membranes of high ionic selectivity were studied over a wide range of conditions. The relationship which was observed between these quantities with membranes of a certain type, namely those activated with poly-2-vinyl-N-methyl pyridinium bromide, cannot be explained on the basis of current concepts of the movement of ions across ion exchange membranes. Rates of self-exchange across these membranes were several times greater than those calculated from the electrical resistances of the membranes on the basis of an expression derived by the use of the Nernst-Einstein equation. The magnitude of the discrepancy was greatest at low concentrations of the ambient electrolyte solution and was independent of the species of both critical and noncritical ions. The data obtained with other types of collodion matrix membranes were, at least approximately, in agreement with the predictions based on the Nernst-Einstein equation. Self-exchange rates across the anion permeable protamine collodion membranes, and across the cation permeable polystyrene sulfonic acid collodion membranes, were about 20% less than those calculated from the electrical resistances. The direction and magnitude of these differences, also observed by other investigators, are qualitatively understood as an electroosmotic effect. With cation permeable membranes prepared by the oxidation of preformed collodion membranes, almost exact agreement was obtained between measured and calculated self-exchange rates; the cause of the apparent absence of an electroosmotic effect with these membranes is unknown.

Acetates↗