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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Aspergillus fumigatus and Chaetomium homopilatum in a leukemic patient. Pathogenic significance of Chaetomium species].

From the tracheal secretion of a leukaemic patient Aspergillus fumigatus and Chaetomium homopilatum was isolated. Radiographically (HR-CT) an invasive pulmonary mycosis was diagnosed from which the patient died. As an autopsy was not performed, the role of the isolated fungi could not be clarified safely. Aspergillus fumigatus is supposed to have been responsible for the invasive mycosis. The etiopathological significance of Ch. homopilatum remained unclear. The isolation of Ch. homopilatum was a reason for reviewing the genus Chaetomium. In the literature 18 reported cases of infections by Chaetomium sp. were found. Ch. globosum was the most prevalent species and caused mostly onychomycosis. Ch. strumarium and Ch. atrobrunneum caused brain infections. The predisposing factor in case of onychomycosis and cutaneous lesions was a trauma, and the systemic mycoses were a consequence of leukaemia, renal transplantation, intravenous drug use or renal failure. The reported cases show, that Chaetomium sp. may cause infections, if predisposing factors are present. Therefore the isolation of Chaetomium sp. in clinical specimen should not regarded as a contamination, and the possible etiopathological significance should be clarified.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Fatal cerebral mycoses caused by the ascomycete Chaetomium strumarium.

Three cases of fatal cerebral mycosis in males with prior histories of intravenous drug use from the United States and Australia are reported. Infection in each case was limited to brain abscess; no other sites of infection were observed. The fungus seen by histopathology and isolated from the brain tissue in each case was identified as Chaetomium strumarium. This is the first report of human infection by this species, and C. strumarium is the second species of Chaetomium known to cause primary brain infection. Chaetomium strumarium is unusual among members of the genus Chaetomium in forming ascocarps covered with pale, thin-walled, flexuous hairs, a feature leading to its original placement in the genus Achaetomium. Presence of pinkish exudate droplets and/or crystals associated with hyphae or ascocarps, sometimes accompanied by a pinkish diffusible pigment; good growth at 42 degrees C; and production of small conidia further distinguish this species. The brain abscess isolates were compared with isolates from prior cases of cerebral infection which had been identified as either Chaetomium atrobrunneum or Chaetomium globosum. With reidentification of one isolate originally identified as C. globosum to C. atrobrunneum, only C. strumarium and C. atrobrunneum have been confirmed to cause infection involving the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

In vitro toxicity of indoor Chaetomium Kunze ex Fr.

Microscopic fungi in the indoor environment present a serious health risk for people living in affected buildings. The potentially toxic ascomycete genus Chaetomium is supposed to be the third most frequent indoor fungal contaminant. Its brief mycological, toxicological and ecological characterization is given. The work was aimed at in vitro study of toxicity of endo- and exometabolites of 14 strains of Chaetomium spp., including 4 strains of Ch. globosum, isolated from mouldy buildings in Slovakia and Denmark, and 3 Ch. globosum strains from the Czechoslovak Collection of Microorganisms (CCM). The endometabolites of 10 isolates of Chaetomium spp. were active: 7 isolates (41% of total strain number) stopped tracheal ciliary movement of 1-d-old chickens after 24 h, 9 isolates (53%) after 48 h and 10 strains (59%) after 72 h. In the case of exometabolites, the extracts of 6 Chaetomium strains showed some ciliostatic activity: 2 isolates (12% of strains tested) after 24 h, 5 isolates (29%) after 48 h and 6 isolates (35%) after 72 h. In general, 5 isolates of Danish origin (83%) produced ciliostatically active exometabolites and 2 isolates (33%) produced such endometabolites, while only 4 strains isolated in Slovakia (50%) and 3 strains (37%) respectively did the same under experimental conditions. Most toxic metabolites were produced by Chaetomium spp. isolated from dwellings, whereas hospital isolates were not able to produce active compounds. Chaetomia as indoor contaminants can contribute to ill health of occupants of mouldy damp buildings.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1999

Fatal Chaetomium cerebritis in a bone marrow transplant patient.

The number of opportunistic infections in the central nervous system (CNS) has been steadily increasing because of a rising number of immunocompromised patients. A rare form of CNS infection can be caused by Chaetomium species, one of the largest genera of saprophytic ascomycetes. The CNS lesions in the present case were caused by Chaetomium atrobrunneum. The main characteristic of almost all Chaetomium species is presence of hairs or setae covering the ascomata. Microbiological studies are the only definitive way to correctly identify this fungal organism. The rapid evolvement of the cerebral infection suggests that the brain tissue provides a favorable environment for growth and proliferation of these fungi. This is the second documented case of a fatal brain abscess caused by Chaetomium atrobrunneum, and the first case report in a bone marrow transplant patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Role of antibiosis in the biological control of spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) of wheat by Chaetomium globosum.

Chaetomium globosum Kunze, has been identified as a potential antagonist of Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Deschler ex Dastur. (Syn = Drechslera sorokiniana). Production of antifungal compounds by Chaetomium globosum (Cg) and their role in suppression of spot blotch of wheat caused by this fungus under in vitro and in vivo has been evaluated. Interaction between Chaetomium globosum isolates and C. sativus showed mycoparasitism by isolates Cg 1 and Cg 6 whereas isolates Cg 2, Cg 3, Cg 4 and Cg 5 showed antibiosis. Syringe filtered culture extracts of Cg 2 completely inhibited mycelial growth of C. sativus in liquid broth. In vitro bioassays were undertaken by amending the medium with crude extracts and agar diffusion method in order to assess the fungistatic activity of crude extracts from culture filtrates of different isolates of Chaetomium globosum. Significant differences in antagonism between isolates were observed. Antifungal metabolite profiling, on TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) plates identified 13 compounds in isolate Cg 2, 11 compounds in Cg 3 and 7 compounds in Cg 6. Isolate Cg 1 produced only two faint bands and Cg 5 produced two bands of the same Rf value but of higher intensity. The production of antifungal compounds by isolates was positively correlated with antagonism to C. sativus on seedlings in glasshouse studies. The results showed high antifungal metabolite production by isolate Cg 2, which also gave maximum bioefficacy under laboratory and glasshouse conditions.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1984

Comparative toxicity of Chaetomium contaminated corn and various chemical forms of oosporein in broiler chicks.

The toxicity to broiler chicks of Chaetomium contaminated corn and various chemical forms of oosporein were compared by feeding diets containing 60% Chaetomium contaminated corn (300 micrograms oosporein/g diet), and 300 or 150 micrograms/g of purified oosporein in either the K salt, Na salt, or organic acid form from hatching to 3 weeks of age. The Chaetomium contaminated corn diet caused 100% mortality during the first week of feeding. Necropsies revealed extensive visceral and articular gout, enlarged pale kidneys, dehydration, proventricular enlargement with mucosal necrosis, and a dark green discoloration of the gizzard lining. When the mortality percentages of the two experiments conducted were considered collectively, the K and Na salts of oosporein caused significantly higher mortality than the organic acid form of oosporein. The K salt caused the most severe lesions and the organic acid caused the least severe lesions. No mortality occurred at the 150 micrograms/g K salt or 150 micrograms/g organic acid levels. Relative kidney weights were increased by all forms of oosporein at 300 micrograms/g, but at 150 micrograms/g only the K salt caused an increase in kidney weight. The LD50 values, based on mortality from 1 to 10 days, were 5.77, 5.00, and 4.56 mg/kg for oosporein acid, oosporein Na salt, and oosporein K salt, respectively. These results suggest that the salts of oosporein (particularly the K salt) are more toxic than the organic acid, and the natural occurrence of oosporein in a salt form could contribute to the increased toxicity of the Chaetomium contaminated corn.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The production of toxic metabolites by Chaetomium spp. isolated from solis of permanent pasture.

One hundred and two isolates of Chaetomium spp. have been identified from 2563 soil samples collected from permanent pasture at Nappan, Nova Scotia. Chaetomium umbonatum was the Chaetomium species most commonly isolated. Fifty-six of the Chaetomium isolates were grown in the laboratory and the cultures examined for the production of toxic metabolites. The culture filtrates of 12, and extracts of mycelium of 18, of these isolates inhibited bacterial growth. Chetomin was detected in nine mycelium extracts and isolated from four of the mycelium extracts. Chaetoglobosins were isolated from three mycelium extracts.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1988

Cutaneous and ungual phaeohyphomycosis caused by species of Chaetomium Kunze (1817) ex Fresenius, 1829.

Two cases of cutaneous and ungual phaeohyphomycosis caused by species of Chaetomium are reported. The patients showed no clinical signs of immunodeficiency. In Case 1 there was a small, ulcerated, crusted lesion on the right forearm. Direct microscopical examination of material from this lesion showed light-brown hyphae with thick-walled cells. The fungus isolated was identified as Chaetomium globosum. Case 2 had lesions of the fingernails. Direct microscopy showed dematiaceous septate hyphae in the nail. The isolate from the nails was identified as Chaetomium perpulchrum. Identification of the fungi was based on the classification of Ames (1963) as adapted by Cooke (1986). Such infections due to Chaetomium species are rare.

Chaetomium↗
PubMed1997

The soil fungus Chaetomium in the human paranasal sinuses.

Chaetomium is a soil fungus of which more than 180 species are now known. Most species cause degradation of cellulose-rich substrates, such as components in soil, straw or wood. Growth of Chaetomium globosum is often stimulated in the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus, which excretes such compounds as sugar phosphates and phospho-glyceric acid. A 73-year-old woman, with long-standing pain and secretion from her left maxillary sinus, was admitted to hospital where an infundibulectomy was performed. Histological examination showed necrotic material with hyphae of A. fumigatus and perithecia of Chaetomium sp. The latter fungus is rarely pathogenic to man.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Failure of the sterile air-flow component of a protected environment detected by demonstration of Chaetomium species colonization of four consecutive immunosuppressed occupants.

Four bone marrow transplant recipients consecutively occupying the same room on our Oncology-Hematology Special Care Unit (OHSCU) became colonized with Chaetomium species between January and April, 1987. These patients, aged 27 to 43 years, were immunocompromised as a result of intensive chemotherapy, and were consequently at increased risk for development of invasive fungal infection. At the time of Chaetomium colonization, all patients were febrile, two had transient new infiltrates on chest x-ray, and three were receiving amphotericin B therapy. Subsequent environmental cultures revealed Chaetomium contamination of the OHSCU air-handling system, including the HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters in seven of the nine rooms comprising the unit. Because fungal colonization of HEPA filters used to create a "protective environment" for immunocompromised patients can occur and can serve as a source for patient infections, guidelines concerning proper surveillance of these HEPA filters should be established. We suggest that before a new patient enters a "protected" room, the clean side of the HEPA filter should be cultured. If fungi are recovered from that culture, we would recommend changing the filter.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in fatal primary cerebral infection due to Chaetomium strumarium.

This report describes MRI findings of a rare case of biopsy-proven fatal cerebral infection with Chaetomium strumarium in a 28-year-old man with a history of i.v. drug abuse. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed rapidly progressing lesions with irregular peripheral enhancement, possible central haemorrhage and significant mass effect. Only six cases of cerebral infection with Chaetomium have been reported in the English literature. This is the first report in the radiology literature describing the imaging findings. The previously reported cases of cerebral infection by the Chaetomium species are also reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Production of large multienzyme complex by aerobic thermophilic fungus Chaetomium sp. nov. MS-017 grown on palm oil mill fibre.

AIMS: A novel xylanolytic multienzyme complex of the aerobic thermophilic fungus Chaetomium sp. nov. MS-017 was produced on palm oil mill fibre (POMF) and partially characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: The assay of the extracellular enzymes of Chaetomium sp. nov. MS-017 on POMF in solid-state fermentation revealed cellulolytic, pectinolytic and extremely high xylanolytic activities. The protein was purified by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the purified protein is a complex with at least five xylanolytic, four cellulolytic and eight pectinolytic components. The characterization of the complex at various temperatures showed that the reactivity and stability of the complex are not lost up to 60 degrees C. In addition, the complex was very stable in a wide range of pH (3-9) and at high concentrations (10 mm) of cations and EDTA. The major products of xylan hydrolysis by the purified complex were determined to be xylobiose and xylotriose by thin-layer chromatography. CONCLUSION: Chaetomium sp. nov. MS-017 preferentially produces a xylanolytic multienzyme complex on POMF in solid-state fermentation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report on the xylanolytic multienzyme complex produced by an aerobic thermophilic fungus.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2003

In vitro activities of new antifungal agents against Chaetomium spp. and inoculum standardization.

Chaetomium is an unusual etiological agent of human infections, but the mortality rate among immunocompromised patients is considerably greater than that among nonimmunocompromised individuals. We investigated the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities to novel antifungal agents of 19 strains belonging to three species of Chaetomium which have been involved in human infections, i.e., Chaetomium globosum, C. atrobrunneum, and C. nigricolor, and one strain of the closely related species Achaetomium strumarium. A modification of the NCCLS reference microdilution method (M38-A) was used to evaluate the in vitro activities of ravuconazole, voriconazole, albaconazole, and micafungin. Micafungin was not active at all, while the geometric mean MICs and minimum effective concentrations of the three triazoles were less than 0.5 and 0.4 micro g/ml, respectively.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2003

Invasive mycotic infections caused by Chaetomium perlucidum, a new agent of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis.

We report the first two cases of invasive human mycoses caused by the phaeoid ascomycete, Chaetomium perlucidum, and review the English literature regarding invasive Chaetomium infections. Fatal disseminated disease involving the brain, heart, lungs, and spleen is described in an acute myelogenous leukemia patient. A second patient with a history of asthma and chronic bronchiectasis experiencing right-middle-lobe syndrome grew C. perlucidum from lung tissue. This study adds C. perlucidum to the list of other known neurotropic Chaetomium species, C. atrobrunneum and C. strumarium, and also documents this organism's ability to disseminate beyond the central nervous system.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility of Chaetomium species.

Several reports have been published implicating Chaetomium spp. as opportunistic pathogens. A critical review of these cases was made, and the majority of the responsible strains were studied. Chaetomium globosum was the most common species, being isolated in at least nine clinical cases of infection. Some of these clinical isolates and others from environmental sources were tested against six antifungal agents (5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole). The 23 strains tested were totally resistant to the first two drugs, and none of the other antifungal agents demonstrated fungicidal activity. There were no significant differences between the susceptibility of the clinical strains and the other strains.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2005

Cellobiose dehydrogenase formation by filamentous fungus Chaetomium sp. INBI 2-26(-).

Laccase-negative filamentous fungus INBI 2-26(-) isolated from non-sporulating laccase-forming fungal association INBI 2-26 by means of protoplast technique was identified as Chaetomium sp. based on partial sequence of its rRNA genes. In the presence of natural cellulose sources, the strain secreted neutral cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) activity both in pure culture and in co-culture with laccase-positive filamentous fungus INBI 2-26(+) isolated from the same association. INBI 2-26(-) also secreted CDH during submerged cultivation in minimal medium with glucose as the sole carbon source. Maximal CDH activity of 1IU/ml at pH 6 with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) as an acceptor was obtained on 12th day of submerged cultivation with filter paper as major cellulose source. Cellulase system of Chaetomium sp. INBI 2-26(-) capable of adsorption onto H(3)PO(4)-swollen filter paper consisted of four major proteins (Mr 200, 95, 65 and 55K) based on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was capable of DCPIP reduction without exogenous cellobiose.

2,6-Dichloroindophenol↗