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PubMed1979

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry: IUPAC Section on Clinical Chemistry, Commission on Quantities and Units in Clinical Chemistry and IFCC Committee on Standards, Expert Panel on Quantities and Units. Provisional recommendation (1978) on quantities and units in clinical chemistry: optical spectroscopy. Part 1. Theoretical outline and general quantities.

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Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

[Mass spectrometry and combined techniques in medicine, clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Report on the conference at the Medizinische Klinik of the University of Tübingen on November 14--15, 1977 (author's transl)].

Mass spectrometry, especially in combination with gas chromatography, is the most flexible and powerful analytical technique available today for organic substances, with the exception of macromolecules. It is distinguished by vary high sensitivity combined with high specificity, and enables the identification and quantification of substances in biological material even in very low concentration. The conference was divided into five sessions: Main areas of application, Hormones and active substances, Profile analyses, Methodical and theoretical aspects, Pharmacological and toxicological applications. It was the goal of the symposium to gather scientists and clinicians and to define the scope and place of mass spectrometry in clinical chemical and medical research, and in routine analysis, and to identify the kind of problems it can help to solve.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1979

Reference materials and reference methods in clinical chemistry.

In clinical chemistry today there are often several different methods and instruments in use for the analysis of a particular constituent. When these different methods and instruments are used for careful analysis of the same control specimen, as in assigned value determinations, the assigned values obtained may be significantly different, and these differences may be of clinical importance. In order to determine the reasons for such differences, reference systems or reference points are needed. The reference systems for calibration (calibration materials, standard reference materials) and control (control materials), where the matrices of these different materials must have quite different characteristics, are referred to jointly as reference materials. In order to compare methods, reference methods are needed with known, high reliability. Because of the amount of specimen material needed, the time needed for analysis and the facilities required, reference methods are not suitable for routine analysis. IDeally, standard reference materials are developed first, followed by a definitive method, which is then used to evaluate a candidate reference method. This is currently the case for only a small number of the constituents analyzed in the clinical chemistry laboratory. In this paper the characteristics of the different kinds of reference materials and of reference methods are described. The differences in terminological usage found in the literature are discussed. Limitations of knowledge and technique may necessitate certain compromises, with respect to the ideal characteristics of reference materials and reference methods. Possible compromises are discussed, and the various sources of error associated with them are pointed out. However, these compromises can also lead to improvement in the reliability and comparability of analytical results from different laboratories. As an example of such improvement, the results are presented for assigned value determinations by highly qualified reference laboratories on control specimens for interlaboratory surveys; the decision limits are included and the results are compared with those of the survey participants. Thus various ways are indicated for the use of reference materials and reference methods to improve the reliability and comparability of analytical results, suited to the current state of the art.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Analytical goals in clinical chemistry: their relationship to medical care. Proceedings of the Subcommittee on Analytical Goals in Clinical Chemistry. World Association of Societies of Pathology, Ciba Foundation, London, England (U. K.), April 25-28, 1978.

The discipline of clinical chemistry is undergoing dramatic changes. The force for change stems from a worldwide recognition of the importance of chemical analyses in medical practice. In the past, developments in clinical chemistry were initiated from a technical perspective. This report provides an alternative approach, starting from the patient and then defining the role of the clinical chemistry laboratory in patient care. The discussions attempt to define the relationship between patient care and analytic goal development in statistical terms. This approach provides a method for appraising the needs of medical care in quantitative terms from the perspective of the physician and the patient. The approach also provides guidance for identifying areas where further technical advance is required, as well as areas where present laboratory performance is adequate for patient care in terms of analytic quality.

Chemistry, Clinical↗