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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Histopathology and histochemistry of the insects treated with chemosterilants VI: brain damage including reduced neurosecretion caused by chemosterilants in Periplaneta americana (L).

The brain is damaged and neurosecretion is reduced in the P. americana treated with chemosterilants thio-tepa and bis (dimethylamino) dithiazolium chloride. The damage includes, separation of neurolemma, vacuolisation and chromatolysis in the nuclei of neurons and extensive damage to fibres. Reduced neurosecretion, vacuolisation in the cytoplasm and karyolysis in the nucleus of neurosecretory cells, are also observed. These changes in the brain are of considerable importance to understand the mode of action of the chemosterilants.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Control and management of insect populations by chemosterilants.

Chemosterilants, i.e., chemical compounds that interfere with the reproduction potential of sexually reproducing organisms, can be used in three new approaches to insect control. In the sterile-insect release technique, the principal problem is to develop compounds and methods for their application that would not result in introducing harmful residues into the environment. Because of the unusual and often unique circumstances connected with releasing large numbers of sterilized insects, the residue problem and its cost-benefit aspects must be examined individually for each intended control or eradication program. In the direct application technique, chemosterilants must meet the same efficiency and safety standards required from approved insecticides. Combined insecticidal and sterilizing activity is characteristic for some compounds now being investigated. In the genetic technique, chemosterilants may be used for inducing heritable changes in the insect's genome under laboratory conditions, and such procedures would not present any residue problems. Only the first two chemosterilant techniques are approaching practical application, and their safety aspects require detailed evaluation and assessment.

Chemosterilants↗
PubMed1975

Analysis of insect chemosterilants.

Background information concerning the concept of insect chemosterilization and analytical methods for determining trace levels of 19 P- and/or S- containing chemicals of current interest are presented. GC retention times of the compounds on 6 different columns and their p-values in 11 solvent systems are tabulated. The utility of the flame photometric detector for determining subnanogram levels of the sterilants in biological substrates is illustrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A chemosterilized antigen-extracted autodigested alloimplant for bone banks.

Limited chemical extraction of hydrophobic glycopeptides and subtotal autodigestion of the donor's cells and plasma membranes in undemineralized cortical bone in vitro reduces the putative quantity of haptenic substances absorbed by the recipient. Iodoacetic acid and sodium azide or other sulfhydryl group enzyme inhibitors added to the buffer solutions during in vitro autodigestion and estraction of intracellular alloantigens protects the bone matrix morphogenetic property against enzymatic degradation. The delayed hypersensitivity reaction induced by aseptically collected freeze-dried bone and the destruction of the bone morphogenetic property caused by radiation-sterilization is avoidable by sequential chemodigestion and chemosterilization of bone that preserves the maximum morphogenetic potential while transferring a minimum quantity of alloantigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cytogenetic and other effects of the chemosterilants tepa, metepa, apholate an hempa in insects (a review).

A review of the literature revealed that the chemosterilants tepa (tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide), metepa (tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphineoxide), apholate (2,2,4,4,6,6-hexakis(1-aziridinyl)-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydro-1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphorine), and hempa (hexamethylmelamine) affected both reproductive and somatic tissues in over 65 species of insects. The effects were cytological, physiological, and genetic and varied from slight to severe. In some cases the deleterious effects may have been species-specific, but in general, they appeared to be dose-dependent. More than 150 publications are cited.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Chemosterilant (apholate)-induced ultrastructural changes during oogenesis in Aedes aegypti.

The effect of chemosterilant, apholate, on-oogenesis has been studied in Aedes aegypti. Treatment of larvae to 20 ppm of the chemical induced ultrastural changes in the presumptive and primary follicles of the adult ovary. These changes comprised condensation of chromatin, disruption of nuclear envelope and extensive degeneration as evidenced by numerous myelin figures and residual bodies. In some primary follicles, where cellular degeneration was restricted to epithelial cells, no arrest in development was observed. However, in comparison with controls, these follicles also were retarded. Larval treatment with 30 ppm apholate completely supressed ovariolar development. High incidence of autophagy was observed in tissues at both dose levels.

Aedes↗
PubMed1978

Chemosterilization of Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acari: Ixodidae). I. Effects of metepa on the cytology and fertility of males treated as unfed adults.

The effects of metepa on the cytology and fertility of male Dermacentor variabilis treated as unfed adults are determined. Evidence of cellular damage is found in testicular areas where actively dividing cells and some enlarging spermatocytes are found. The amount of cellular damage correlates positively to the concentration of the chemosterilant and results in decreases numbers of spermatids. In crosses of treated males to untreated females, resulting egg masses hatch normally; however, the percentage of females producing egg masses that hatch is reduced.

Animals↗