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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Adherence to asthma therapy in the preschool child.

Preschool children's adherence to asthma therapy is often sub-optimal and can result in decreased quality of life for children and parents, as well as an increased risk for dangerous asthma exacerbations. Asthma management for the preschool child presents some unique challenges to adherence to therapy, including the child's limited ability to communicate, multiple caregivers responsible for medications, and parental concerns about medications. Parent beliefs, characteristics of the regimen, and family functioning have been associated with adherence levels. Understanding and improving adherence to asthma therapy for the preschool child will necessarily require addressing these age-specific concerns.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Contour interaction in the preschool child.

Preschool children show poorer visual acuity when tested with multiple optotypes than when tested with isolated optotypes. This difference in performance could be the result of contour interaction or the greater distractions imposed by a multiple optotype display, which may be beyond a young child's ability. To differentiate between these alternatives, isolated and surrounded visual acuity were measured in children aged 2 to 7 years by pairing a Landolt C with an O. The surrounded optotypes were identical to the isolated optotypes with the exception of the flanking bars located at 2.5 times the minimum angle of resolution (MAR) of the optotype. A two-alternative forced choice interleaved paradigm was used to measure surrounded and isolated visual acuity defined as 75% correct. When the test demands were equated by measuring isolated and surrounded acuity using a single optotype, poorer visual acuity was obtained with surrounded optotypes. This suggests that preschool children, like adults, show contour interaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Caries and the preschool child: treatment of the preschool child in the hospital service.

Dental treatment of the preschool child in hospital is usually carried out under a general anaesthetic, following referral from a dentist. The reasons for a general anaesthetic are that the child has either proved unable to accept treatment because of dental anxiety or extreme youth or has a severe medical problem which requires dental care to be carried out in a hospital environment. The costs of such treatment are necessarily high and account of these is taken in the description of the services offered and their organization. The need for prevention is also stressed.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed2005

General measures of cognition for the preschool child.

Preschool-age children who are experiencing delays in physical, cognitive, communication, social, emotional, or adaptive development are often referred for a comprehensive assessment to make diagnostic determinations and to help develop appropriate interventions. Typically cognitive assessment has a key role in a comprehensive evaluation of a young child. In this article, five individually administered tests of cognitive ability, normed for the preschool-age child, are reviewed. These specific tests include the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd edition, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 5th edition, and the Differential Abilities Scales. The following is provided for these cognitive instruments: a description of the test procedures, information on scoring systems, highlights of the technical qualities, and a summary of the general meaning of test results. The article concludes with strengths and limitations of the instruments.

Child Development↗
PubMed1979

Child-rearing variables affecting the preschool child's response to dental stress.

Responses to dental stress were evaluated in 26 pre-school children during an initial examination visit. Child-rearing practices, assessed by home observation and parental report, were correlated with the dental stress measures. Significant relationships emerged which suggest that child-rearing practices influence the child's acquisition of coping skills and stress tolerance.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2002

Assessing the quality of preschool child health surveillance in primary care: a pilot study in one health district.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a framework for measuring the quality of preschool child health surveillance acceptable to primary health care teams and measurable at individual primary health care team level. DESIGN: Published research evidence was identified and criteria developed by a local multidisciplinary expert group. The criteria were discussed with primary health care teams. How well they were achieved was assessed. SETTING: Twenty-eight general practices in one health authority area. METHODS: Data collection included observation of baby clinics, interviews with health visitors and general practitioners (GPs), questionnaires to parents, collation of child health surveillance reviews recorded in personal child health records and immunization rates. RESULTS: The criteria for assessing preschool child health surveillance were thought to be acceptable and achievable by primary health care teams. Fifteen of the 22 criteria used to assess baby clinics were met by over 90 of practices. Almost all practices completed child health surveillance reviews within a standard time and achieved 90 coverage for primary immunizations. At many practices, less than 90 of parents felt welcome at the baby clinic, usually had enough time to talk to their health visitor or had the purpose or results of the 6 to 8 week child health surveillance review explained to them. GPs were less likely than health visitors to discuss health promotion at child health surveillance reviews (chi(2) 11.52, P = 0.0007). Few practices had a call-up and recall system for all reviews. CONCLUSION: The framework that we developed for assessing preschool child health surveillance was acceptable and achievable by primary health care teams.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1995

Traumatic injuries in the preschool child.

The dental management of traumatic injuries in the preschool child demands a careful and methodical approach to the clinical patient care. Insurance claims and litigation possibilities require detailed documentation of the accident, the nature and extent of the injury and all treatment rendered, follow-up care, and verbal instructions given to the parent. The prognosis of the treatment and the damage to the permanent teeth depend upon the nature and extent of the injury and, in part, upon the treatment rendered and the follow-up care received by the patient. The dental records must be retained until the permanent teeth erupt to fully assess the extent of the damage to the developing dentition.

Child Abuse↗