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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Linking extreme marital discord, child rearing, and child behavior problems: evidence from battered women.

Relations between marital discord, parental behavior, and child behavior were investigated in a sample of 37 battered women and 37 comparison mothers and their children, aged 2-8 years. It was hypothesized that violent fathers would be more irritable but less involved, battered women more stressed and inconsistent in discipline, and both parents would reportedly use fewer positive and more negative child-rearing responses than comparison families. Based on maternal self-reports and mother-child observations, the only robust self-report difference between the groups of mothers were the level of stress and reports of inconsistency in parenting; in contrast, all of the expected differences were found between the mothers' reports of the 2 groups of fathers. Group effects on child behavior problems were also found. Children from violent families were reported to have more internalizing behavior problems, more difficult temperaments, and to be more aggressive than the comparison children. In the violent families, maternal stress and paternal irritability were the 2 significant predictors of child behavior problems, whereas in the comparison families only maternal stress was a reliable predictor.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The use of a computer-assisted interview to administer the Child Behavior Checklist in a child psychiatry service.

This study describes the use of a computer-assisted interview to administer the Child Behavior Checklist to the parents of children referred to a child psychiatry service. The scores from the computer-assisted interview varied little from the scores obtained using the standard written checklist. Information collected by means of computer-assisted interviews with parents and children has the potential to facilitate the diagnostic assessment of individual children with emotional and behavioral problems, to provide a more comprehensive description of the work of child psychiatry services, and to encourage new clinical research by mental health professionals working in child psychiatry services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cluster analysis of child behavior checklists of 6 to 11-year-old males with varying degrees of behavior disorders.

Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist ratings were collected on boys aged 6 to 11 years screened as not having significant behavior problems, as clinic-referred boys, and as boys diagnosed as having Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder alone or together with Oppositional-Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder. Cluster analysis resulted in a classification system related to DSM-III-R classification of the boys and parent self-report of mildly antisocial acts. Clusters also enhanced the ability of the instrument to detect Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and disruptive behavior disorders.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1991

Differences and similarities between children, mothers, and teachers as informants on disruptive child behavior.

Prevalence rates of disruptive child behaviors, based on structured psychiatric interviews, are presented for samples of clinic-referred prepubertal boys at two sites to investigate differences and similarities among reports of the behaviors from children, parents, and teachers. Children reported significantly less hyperactive/inattentive and oppositional behaviors than either parents or teachers. In contrast, children did not differ from parents or teachers in their report on the prevalence of more serious conduct problems. These results were well replicated across two sites, despite the fact that there were significant differences between the sites in the level of hyperactive/inattentive child behaviors and conduct problems. The ranking of parents' and teachers' reported prevalence of specific child behavior problems in each of the three domains of disruptive behavior was strikingly similar. With one exception, the concordance between the prevalence ranking based on the children's reports was lower than that based on adults' reports, Children's reports on their own behavior did not predict various child handicaps 1 year later as well as did adults' reports. The results are discussed in relation to the usefulness of certain child behaviors in symptom lists for diagnostic purposes; the reliability of children's reports on their own behavior; and the possible reasons why prevalence rankings, as perceived by adults, are so similar.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of hyperactive and emotionally-behaviorally disturbed children on the Devereux Child Behavior Rating Scale: a potential aid in diagnosis.

Comparison was made between Devereux Child Behavior Rating Scale (DCB) ratings of matched groups of hyperactive and emotionally-behaviorally disturbed children. The emotionally behaviorally disturbed group was chosen to represent a population with presenting symptoms similar to hyperactivity. Ratings of the two groups exceeded the normative population on all DCB factors. The hyperactive group received higher scores on 16 factors and was significantly higher than the emotionally-behaviorally disturbed group on 8 factors. The hyperactive group received the most extreme scores on behavioral dimensions generally described as characteristic of the hyperactive syndrome. The results suggested that the DCB can assist in differentiating hyperactive children from children with presenting symptoms similar to those of hyperactivity.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Lead exposure and child behavior.

OBJECTIVES: Unlike cognitive impairments associated with lead exposure, lead-associated child behavior problems have been difficult to specify, particularly in young children. METHODS: The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used as the outcome and confounding variables, respectively, of major interest. These measures were examined with respect to blood lead levels of 201 African-American children aged 2 through 5 years. RESULTS: In comparison with the low exposed group, the high exposed group (two consecutive blood lead levels greater than or equal to 15 micrograms/dL) had a significantly higher mean CBCL Total Behavior Problem Score (TBPS) and Internalizing and Externalizing scores; when other factors, including maternal depressive symptomatology, were controlled for, regression procedures indicated a .18-point TBPS increase for each unit increase in lead and a 5.1-point higher TBPS in the high exposed group; children in this group were 2.7 times more likely to have a TBPS in the clinical range. CONCLUSIONS: Through its use of a standardized parent-report measure of behavior and its consideration of maternal morale in multiple linear and logistic regression procedures, this study provides further evidence of lead's detrimental effect on child behavior at levels typical of present-day exposure.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1979

The utility of tracking child behavior.

To assess the impact of observation training and tracking of child behavior, each of 20 elementary school teachers participating in a behavior modification practicum was assigned to either an experimental or a control group. For each teacher, a disruptive, distractible child was identified as appropriate for behavioral intervention. All teachers were taught identical intervention strategies, but the two groups differed in the degree to which teachers were initially trained and subsequently required to observe and record discrete child behaviors. Multiple measures were used to assess the influence of monitoring child behaviors. These included observed child behavior, observed teacher behavior, teacher ratings, and correspondence between teacher perception and child behavior. Results showed that tracking the behavior of children had little or no effect on any measure.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1992

Relation between maternal characteristics and child behavior ratings. Implications for interpreting behavior checklists.

The present study examined the extent to which mothers' ratings of their psychological distress, marital adjustment, and negative life events were related to maternal ratings of child behavior problems. Data were collected from mothers of 110 children (ages 2 to 12 years) who were referred to a pediatric clinic for a variety of common behavioral concerns. Maternal psychological distress and marital adjustment were significantly correlated with mothers' ratings on a child behavior checklist. Maternal psychological distress also accounted for a significant amount of the variance in maternal child behavior ratings over and above that accounted for by fathers' ratings of the same behaviors. Given that maternal characteristics co-vary significantly with reports of child behavior problems, pediatricians should interpret findings derived from child behavior rating scales within the overall family context.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Parental use of "positive contact" in child-rearing: its relationship to child behavior patterns and other variables.

In an investigation of child-rearing styles maternal use of "positive contact" was measured by asking the mother how often she played with the child, praised the child, and the like, and combining the responses into a score. Home observations on a sample of families revealed that mothers scoring above the mean used fewer communications in the form of directives and "unmodified power" and more communication in the form of praise and social conversation than mothers scoring below the mean. The mother's use of positive contact was related to her educational level, the birth order of the child and number of children in the family, the father's use of positive contact, and to a friendly outgoing pattern of child behavior. There was no relation to the mother's use of physical punishment, her protectiveness, her tendency to comply with the child's demands, or her child-rearing ideology and other attitudes. Child care workers are in a strategic position to educate parents about the importance of this kind of contact, especially with later-born children in large families.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1991

Screening for childhood psychopathology in the community using the Child Behavior Checklist.

One of the uses of the Child Behavior Checklist is as a screening instrument for childhood psychopathology in two-phase designs. The present report involves a two-phase epidemiological survey conducted in Puerto Rico in which the CBCL was used as a screening instrument during the first stage, and children were evaluated clinically during the second stage. The data indicate that in using the CBCL for screening for psychopathology in children, parent information is most informative, particularly for children in the adolescent age group. Nevertheless, the data also reinforce the need to obtain teacher information with the Teacher Report Form to enhance screening sensitivity. In this population, the data obtained with the Youth Self-Report were found to be of limited usefulness for screening purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Adolescent depression and the Child Behavior Checklist.

Using receiver operating characteristic methods, the authors planned to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a measure of depression extracted from the Child Behavior Checklist in a group of 667 referred adolescents with DSM-III diagnoses. This depression scale was based on a depression factor found by Nurcombe et al. in Child Behavior Checklists from adolescent inpatients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that Child Behavior Checklist-Nurcombe scores were able to discriminate between subjects with and without major depression with an accuracy comparable to that reported for the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.78).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Beyond beliefs: parent and child behaviors and children's perceived academic competence.

Examined the relations of parent and child behaviors with children's perceptions of their academic competence. 74 high-achieving third-grade children, with varying levels of perceived academic competence, were observed working with mothers and fathers both on solvable tasks (Period 1) and during a period that included some unsolvable tasks (Period 2). Results indicated that children's perceived academic competence was positively related to father warmth, both at Period 1 and at Period 2. Children's perceived academic competence was also positively related to their own behavior when working with fathers at Period 2. Specifically, children with higher perceived academic competence showed more emotional restraint and were more self-reliant when working on tasks at Period 2 than were children with lower perceived academic competence. The results indicate that there are systematic, observable correlates of children's self-reports of their perceived academic competence.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatric comorbidity in attention deficit disorder: impact on the interpretation of Child Behavior Checklist results.

Studies have investigated associations between the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and clinical diagnoses without assessing the impact of comorbidity on these results. This study evaluates associations between parental reports from the CBCL and a structured diagnostic interview in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH) stratified by the presence (ADDH+) or absence (ADDH-) of psychiatric comorbidity. Interview-defined ADDH children scored significantly worse on all scales of the CBCL compared with scores from interview-defined non-ill comparisons. However, these findings were accounted for by the subgroup of children with ADDH+. The results indicate a good correspondence between CBCL-based ratings and interview-defined diagnoses. These findings also suggest that the CBCL may be a good screening instrument, not only for ADDH but also for comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial predictors of maternal depressive symptoms, parenting attitudes, and child behavior in single-parent families.

The purposes of the study were to identify psychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms among low-income, single mothers and to investigate the effects of maternal psychosocial factors, depressive symptoms, and parenting attitudes on children's behavior. In-home interviews were conducted with 225 mothers to obtain data on their everyday stressors, coping strategies, social resources, depressive symptoms, and parenting attitudes, as well as reports of their children's behavior. High depressive symptoms occurred among 59.6% of the women. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with greater everyday stressors, fewer social resources, and greater use of avoidance coping. Neither social resources nor coping strategies buffered the relationship between everyday stressors and depressive symptoms. Maternal depressive symptoms predicted parenting attitudes. Parenting attitudes, in turn, predicted child behavior. These findings suggest that depressive symptoms are indirectly associated with mothers' reports of child behavior through their influence on parenting attitudes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Identification of typologies derived from child behaviors in the hospital as predictors of psychological upset.

This study proposed to measure objectively the behaviors of children in the hospital setting in order to combine the data on the particular aspects of behaviors or symptoms into global measures or typologies of psychological upset. It attempts to offer a good, single measure for predicting behavior of children in psychological upset. Thirty-one subjects in this study, observed in the hospital setting, are clustered together to identify typologies derived from child behaviors in the hospital. These children were divided into three factors which correspond with the three stages of hospitalization: Factor I typified Stage III -- Denial; Factor II typified Stage II -- Despair; and Factor III typified Stage I -- Protest. The study offers direction to objectively and systematically evaluate the effects of hospitalization on children. It also suggests that observational ratings of child behaviors in the hospital may be accurate predictors of the degree of psychological upset a child is experiencing at a certain point in time. It also has particular implications for strategies which hospital staff could employ when they observe particular stages that children manifest.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Continuities in maternal reports and child behaviors over time in hyperactive and comparison groups.

Maternal reports, observations of nursery and elementary school behavior, and teacher ratings of problems were available for hyperactive and control children who had participated in a longitudinal study. This paper examines consistencies in maternal reports and child behaviors over time, and their relationship to teacher ratings in elementary school. Maternal reports of infant sleep difficulties were related to maternal ratings of hyperactivity at 4 1/2 and 6 1/2 years. Maternal ratings of activity at 4 1/2 were predictive of 6 1/2-year ratings of hyperactivity and conduct problems. In addition, behavior in a research nursery at 4 1/2 predicted teacher ratings of problems and classroom behavior in grade two. Hyperactive preschoolers who left the table most during structured activities were more often out-of-seat and off-task in school. Controls who were more aggressive in the nursery were more disruptive in the classroom. These data indicate continuities in both maternal reports and child behaviors.

Age Factors↗