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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia of infancy.

Infants with untreated chlamydial pneumonia shed Chlamydia trachomatis and are symptomatic for may weeks. We used sulfisoxazole, 150 mg/kg/day, or erythromycin ethyl succinate, 40 mg/kg/day, for approximately 14 days to treat 32 patients with chlamydial pneumonia of infancy, and observed them for nasopharyngeal shedding of C trachomatis and changing clinical status. All infants stopped shedding chlamydiae soon after treatment was started. After treatment, three of the 25 infants tested again became culture positive (but did not have clinical relapse). All infants improved clinically. In 24 (83%) of 29 infants, where the onset of improvement could be times, improvement began within seven days of starting treatment. Progression to complete recovery was observed in 27 of 28 infants examined between two weeks and two months of treatment completion. Neither the existence of concomitant viral infection nor the duration of illness or hospitalization before starting treatment influenced the interval between initiation of treatment and onset of clinical improvement. While these observations do not prove, they are at least compatible with the hypotheses that C trachomatis plays a central etiologic role in this illness and that termination of chlamydial infection is beneficial clinically. Pending the availibility of data from controlled studies, we believe that either of the treatment programs outlined warrant consideration in the clinical management of patients with chlamydial pneumonia of infancy.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1989

[The clinical effectiveness of OFLX in the treatment of chlamydial pneumonia].

We treated three patients of chlamydial pneumonia with OFLX, two patients were diagnosed as psittacosis and one as pneumonia associated with TWAR strain by serologic test. Three hundred mg of OFLX was orally administered three times per day and the duration of treatment was from seven to fourteen days, and we compared the clinical effectiveness of OFLX in three cases (mild: 1, moderate: 2) with that of MINO in eleven cases (mild: 3, moderate: 8), who were administered two hundred mg of MINO two times per day orally or intravenously. We isolated C. psittaci from three pet birds including case 2 and the in vitro activity of OFLX and MINO against three strains of C. psittaci was determined. Clinical effectiveness were observed and obtained results were as follows. 1) In OFLX group, three patients judged as "Good", and in MINO, one patient as "Excellent", ten as "Good". 2) The duration of pneumonic shadow was 9.33 +/- 3.21 in OFLX group, 10.3 +/- 3.50 in MINO group, and there was no significant difference between both groups. 3) The in vitro activity of OFLX and MINO against 3 strains was 0.78-1.56 micrograms/ml and 0.025 microgram/ml, respectively. From these results, it was concluded that OFLX was considered to be a useful antichlamydial agent in the treatment of mild or moderate cases of chlamydial pneumonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Infantile chlamydial pneumonia--a review based on 115 cases.

Clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies and management of chlamydial pneumonia were reviewed in 115 infants and compared to those from 21 infants with interstitial pertussoid eosinophilic pneumonia. The identity of these two forms of subacute afebrile pneumonia is suggested. Chlamydial pneumonia is natally acquired, essentially occurs during the second and third month of life, and its frequency in the United States is surprisingly high. Gradual onset of respiratory tract symptoms, lack of possible infection from symptomatic persons, afebrile course and staccato cough represent the typical anamnesis. Presence of conjunctivitis and serous otitis is common. Distinctive diagnostic studies include slight eosinophilia (greater than or equal to 300 eosinophils/mm3), elevated serum immunoglobulins M and G, depressed PO2 and normal PCO2 in arterial blood under room air, and both interstitial infiltrates and hyperexpansion of the lungs on chest roentgenogram. Chlamydial cultures of nasopharyngeal secretions or tracheal aspirates, and determination of antichlamydial antibody titers in serum are indicated in establishing the etiology. Adequate management consists of antichlamydial chemotherapy and general supportive care, including chest physiotherapy and oxygen and parenteral fluids when needed.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1988

Chlamydial pneumonia in Costa Rica: results of a case-control study.

This paper presents a brief review of chlamydial pneumonia in infancy and indirect evidence that the incidence of this disease may be high in developing countries. The results of a case-control study in Costa Rica, involving 39 cases of pneumonia and 43 controls (cases of diarrhoea), suggest that chlamydial pneumonia is of considerable public health importance there. Thirteen out of the 39 (33%) cases of pneumonia had serum antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D, E, F, G and L2, whereas only 1 out of the 43 controls was IgM-antibody positive (P<0.001). The occurrence of chlamydial pneumonia as a major health problem in developing countries is discussed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Chlamydial pneumonia of infancy: further clinical observations.

Two patients with chlamydial pneumonia of infancy are described. One recovered spontaneously without any specific antichlamydial treatment. The other, prior to a belated antimicrobial therapy, developed a persistent and protracted respiratory illness characterized by wheezing. Our observations suggest that: (1) untreated chlamydial pneumonia of infancy may spontaneously resolve, or may become a persistent and protracted disease, and (2) wheezing may be a very prominent manifestation of the disease and should be differentiated from wheezing due to bronchiolitis and bronchial asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical and serological studies in six cases of chlamydial pneumonia].

Clinical and serological studies of chlamydial pneumonia were done in six patients (three men and three women). The other three patients had no avian contact and showed almost the same clinical symptom. Acute infection with Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae were diagnosed in two patients and in one patient, respectively, by MFA. Because in some cases Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia are difficult to differentiate, it is necessary to use a test that allows different chlamydia species to be distinguished.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chlamydial pneumonia of infancy in siblings.

We describe two brothers born 16 months apart who were hospitalized with culture-proved chlamydial pneumonia of infancy due to the same immunotype of Chlamydia trachomatis. Presumably the mother had either been chronically infected or had been reinfected. Chlamydial pneumonia of infancy is a preventable disease if genital infection in pregnant women is diagnosed and treated. However, if pregnant women at high risk are not screened for C. trachomatis, multiple offspring may acquire the infection and develop serious perinatal chlamydial disease.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1986

Pulmonary assessment of children after chlamydial pneumonia of infancy.

We evaluated the pulmonary status of 18 children 7 to 8 years after their hospitalization for chlamydial pneumonia of infancy. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and respiratory questionnaire results in this group were compared with those in a control group of 19 comparable children from the same community, and with values that other investigators have reported for normal children. Significant limitations of expiratory airflow were found (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and FEF 25%-75%), as well as signs of abnormally elevated volumes of trapped air (FRC and RV/TLC ratios). These obstructive patterns were responsive to inhalation of isoproterenol. Moreover, a significantly greater number of patients had physician-diagnosed asthma than in the control group. The obstructive PFT abnormalities could not be accounted for by recognized risk factors, such as exposure to smoking at home or family history of atopy. Our results show that chlamydial pneumonia of infancy is associated with PFT abnormalities and respiratory symptoms 7 to 8 years after recovery from the acute illness.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Successful surfactant replacement therapy in two infants with ARDS due to chlamydial pneumonia.

We report two cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated successfully with repeated doses of a bovine natural surfactant (Survanta). Two former premature infants developed severe respiratory failure as a consequence of a chlamydial pneumonia at the age of 3 or 12 weeks, respectively. As both patients were threatened by hypoxia in spite of mechanical ventilation with maximal pressures using 100% O2 and as the X-rays were compatible with the diagnosis of ARDS, we decided to perform rescue surfactant treatment. Following surfactant instillation, marked improvement in oxygenation and ventilatory requirements was observed. Within 2 h after surfactant replacement, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased from 52 to 84 (case 1) and from 35 to 94 (case 2), and the peak inspiratory pressure could be reduced from 47 to 40 cm H2O and from 35 to 28 cm H2O, respectively. Both infants received a second surfactant dose about 10 h after the initial treatment and survived without developing chronic lung disease.

Biological Products↗
PubMed1998

The chlamydial pneumonias.

Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae are important causes of community-acquired pneumonias. Less commonly, C. trachomatis may cause pneumonia in adult immunocompromised hosts but more commonly is responsible for pneumonia in neonates. C. psittaci is the cause of psittacosis and is the only chlamydial zoonotic atypical pneumonia. C. pneumoniae is being increasingly recognized as the cause of up to 10% of community-acquired pneumonias. C. pneumoniae pneumonia has a clinical presentation like Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. C. pneumoniae is also responsible for a variety of other respiratory tract infections, e.g., sinusitis, bronchitis, otitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis. C. pneumoniae, like M. pneumoniae, may result in permanent airway disease, e.g., asthma, following infection. All chlamydia are sensitive to doxycycline. Macrolides are highly active against C. trachomatis, and in spite of in vitro susceptibility, are relatively inactive in vivo against C. psittaci and C. pneumoniae. Fluoroquinolones are also active against chlamydia. Doxycycline remains the preferred antibiotic to treat all chlamydial infections in nonpregnant adults.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Experimental chlamydial pneumonia in pigs.

Naturally occurring disease in pigs associated with chlamydial infections has not been reported in Britain, though evidence of chlamydial challenge has been demonstrated in two separate serological surveys. An isolate of Chlamydia psittaci (28/68) from an ovine pneumonia produced pneumonia in pigs following intratracheal inoculation. Transient pyrexia at 24 hr was followed by increased respiratory rates and inappetance which lasted for a further 48 hr in challenged pigs. Histologically acute exudative reactions were present in the lungs by 24 hr with proliferative changes predominating after 10 days. While variations in the concentrations of inocula were reflected by corresponding increases and/or decreases in gross lung damage, clinical signs and histological reactions were unaltered. Chlamydial organisms were recovered only from lung tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Chlamydial pneumonia in children requiring hospitalization: effect of mixed infection on clinical outcome.

The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a children's hospital was studied among 209 previously healthy children treated from August 1, 2001 to July 31, 2002. A total of 26 children (12.4%) with a diagnosis of chlamydial infection were included in this study. The diagnosis of chlamydial infection was based on either a positive immunofluorescent assay result for chlamydial antigen in sputum, or positive serologic results for immunoglobulin M (IgM), an IgG titer >/=1:640 or a 4-fold rise in IgG titer by microimmunofluorescence test. Fourteen patients (53.8%) were female and 20 (76.9%) were less than 5 years of age. The onset of infection occurred between August and January in 21 cases (80.7%). Twenty one patients (80.8%) had other pathogens identified. Fever and cough were the most common presenting symptoms. The signs and symptoms were similar for the children with and without coinfection except for tachypnea and wheezing sound, which were significantly more common in patients with mixed infection. None of the laboratory parameters seemed to be specific for chlamydial infection; however, serum C-reactive protein level was significantly higher in cases with mixed infection. Among the 26 children, 12 (46.2%) needed respiratory therapy, and most of them (91.7%, 11/12) had coinfection. Two patients (7.7%) with mixed infection were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. One had lobar pneumonia with pleural effusion and the other had necrotizing pneumonia requiring surgical intervention. None of the patients died. In conclusion, Chlamydia sp. was identified in 12.4% of children with CAP in this series, and mixed infections were common (80.8%) among these patients. The clinical course of chlamydial pneumonia was not serious in most patients, but alertness is needed to the possibility of developing severe pneumonia in cases with bacterial coinfection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Chlamydial pneumonia in the low birthweight neonate.

Five low birthweight neonates who developed a severe pneumonia are described. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the respiratory tract of all infants. They had protracted respiratory problems despite eradication of the organism by chemotherapy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗