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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Full-thickness eye wall resection of choroidal neoplasms.

Sclerochorioretinal (full-thickness eye wall) resection was performed in 19 eyes with choroidal neoplasms. Thirteen of these eyes have retained useful vision, ranging from 20/25 to counting fingers. Six eyes had intraoperative and postoperative complications that have led to enucleation. During follow-up, ranging from 1 1/2 years to 6 years, none of these patients had had local or systemic metastasis. Full-thickness eye wall resection, in suitable cases, provides an alternative method of managing choroidal neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The role of radiotherapy in the management of choroid plexus neoplasms.

Choroid plexus papillomas are very rarely reported neoplasms in both the surgical and radiological literature. The authors present their series of 7 papillomas and 1 carcinoma. They review the recent and former literature with the aim of demonstrating the role and usefulness of radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Differential diagnosis of choroidal neoplasms.

Experienced ophthalmologists who appropriately employ ancillary diagnostic testing, including fluorescein angiography, ocular ultrasonography, MRI, and fine needle aspiration biopsy, are remarkably accurate in the diagnosis of intraocular neoplasms. Recognizing the classic clinical features of the more commonly encountered lesions, such as choroidal melanoma, choroidal nevus, metastatic carcinoma to choroid, lymphoid tumors, and circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, and understanding the applicability and limitations of the various diagnostic tests are the keys to accurate detection.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

A marker for primary choroid plexus neoplasms.

Primary choroid plexus (CP) tumors are rare neoplasms that present in childhood or, less frequently, in adult life. The majority are benign and amenable to complete surgical excision, but occasionally more invasive variants are encountered. Although generally pathologically distinct, occasionally primary CP neoplasms may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic papillary carcinomas or papillary ependymomas. Conventional cytologic markers are not sufficiently specific to permit accurate diagnosis of primary CP tumors. The authors have reported that the CP is the unique site of synthesis within the brain of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin), a transport protein for thyroxine and retinol. They therefore investigated the utility of TTR as a biochemical marker for CP tumors. They detected intense immunoreactivity for TTR at high dilutions of primary antiserum in the neoplastic epithelium of all of nine primary CP tumors (six papillomas and three carcinomas), but not in eight cellular or three papillary intracerebral ependymomas, meningiomas, oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, primary extracerebral papillary carcinomas (three thyroid, two breast) or five of six cerebral metastases from systemic papillary carcinomas. In one case of cerebral metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma, rare isolated immunoreactive cells were observed. Faint staining of the stromal-ependymal junction was seen in myxopapillary ependymomas of the filum terminale, which were otherwise nonreactive. By in situ hybridization, TTR mRNA was abundant in neoplastic CP epithelium, confirming local TTR synthesis. The authors conclude that TTR is synthesized by neoplastic CP epithelium and is an excellent marker for primary CP neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Transthyretin immunoreactivity in choroid plexus neoplasms and brain metastases.

Although choroid plexus papillomas (CPP) and primary choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are rare neoplasms of the central nervous system, they have been the subject of a number of immunohistochemical studies. To date, no unique or specific marker for these neoplasms has been found, however. Normal choroid plexus is a major site of transthyretin (TTR) synthesis, and recently this protein has been proposed as a possible specific marker of choroid plexus differentiation in tumors. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry for TTR on 13 choroid plexus tumors (six CPP and seven CPC) and on 23 carcinomas metastatic to the brain, four of which had a papillary architecture. We also included four ovarian teratomas that contained choroid plexus elements. Two of the CPP had diffuse staining for TTR, while the four others stained only focally. Five of the CPC stained only focally and less intensely than the control, while one case was negative. Only one CPC stained as strongly and diffusely as normal choroid plexus. Two of the papillary and six of the nonpapillary metastases had focal staining similar to that seen in the five focally positive CPC. The choroid plexus elements of the ovarian teratomas stained as strongly as the positive control. These findings indicate that TTR immunoreactivity is not restricted to primary choroid plexus tumors. Furthermore, most choroid plexus carcinomas stain only weakly or not at all. This limits the usefulness of TTR immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of primary choroid plexus neoplasms and in the distinction of CPC from metastatic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric choroid plexus neoplasms: MR, CT, and pathologic correlation.

Choroid plexus papillomas are rare, constituting approximately 0.5% of all intracranial neoplasms. Four benign choroid plexus papillomas and one choroid plexus carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed in patients aged 4-20 months who had been examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a field strength of 0.5 T or 1.0 T and with computed tomography (CT) before and after the administration of contrast material. In general, the tumors were of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and of either intermediate or increased signal intensity (T2 lengthening) with T2 weighting. All demonstrated variable areas of internal signal void interpreted as signifying regional blood flow, calcification, or old hemorrhage. CT findings included relatively uniform contrast enhancement. Microscopic pathologic changes of the benign lesions mimicked the appearance of normal choroid plexus and confirmed the highly vascular nature of these tumors. MR imaging, with its high-resolution multiplanar techniques, offers direct visualization of these lesions in relation to normal anatomy and better discrimination and confirmation of their intraventricular location, facilitating surgery and postoperative follow-up.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of fourth ventricular choroid plexus neoplasms in childhood. A report of two cases.

Choroid plexus neoplasms (CPN) are rare tumors occurring with a relative incidence of 0.5% of intracranial neoplasms in all age groups and 1.5-6.4% of all pediatric brain tumors. In children, the most common site of origin is the atria of the lateral ventricles where the CPN may represent either a carcinoma or a benign papilloma. CPN arising in the fourth ventricle are more common in adults, and are more likely to represent a benign papilloma. We present 2 children with CPN arising from the inferior fourth ventricle with similar features on MRI, one of which represented a benign papilloma and the other a malignant carcinoma. CPN should be included, even in young children, in the differential diagnosis of any infratentorial, intraventricular tumor.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Clinicopathologic correlations in epithelial choroid plexus neoplasms: a study of 52 cases.

Sixty-seven tumor specimens of epithelial choroid plexus neoplasms obtained by 60 biopsies and 7 autopsies from 52 patients were investigated. Diagnoses of the first operations were choroid plexus papilloma (PP; 32 cases), choroid plexus papilloma with histological atypies (atypical PP; 6 cases), and choroid plexus carcinoma (PC; 14 cases). Carcinoembryonic antigen was expressed by 2 of the 3 biopsies autoptically recognized as metastatic carcinomas and by 2 autopsy cases of PC, while it was absent in all biopsies of true choroid plexus tumors. Tumor cells positive for transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin), S-100 protein (S100), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected in 39, 46 and 13, respectively, of the 49 cases of true choroid plexus tumors. Fourth ventricle tumors expressed more S100 (number of positive tumor cells) than lateral ventricle tumors, PP more S100 and TTR than atypical PP/PC. Tumors from patients 20 years of age and older expressed more GFAP and TTR than tumors from younger patients. Of the 30 patients with complete follow-up 19 were alive 2 to 11 years after surgery, including 7 recurrencies. Eleven died from the tumor 4 months to 7 years after surgery. The following histopathologic features (in order of decreasing significance) were correlated with poor prognosis (recurrency or fatal outcome): less than 50% of the tumor cells heavily positive for S100, presence of mitoses, absence of TTR-positive cells, brain invasion by cell nests, absence of marked stromal edema, and presence of necrotic areas. Our results indicate that some histologic features correlate significantly with poor prognosis and that immunohistochemical results correlate with tumor localization, age, and malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Subepithelial basement membrane deposition and intermediate filament expression in choroid plexus neoplasms and ependymomas.

The pattern of basement membrane deposition was investigated in benign and malignant choroid plexus tumours using an immunocytochemical method to detect laminin, an intrinsic basement membrane component. The results were compared with intracranial ependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas of the filum terminale. Expression of the intermediate filaments cytokeratin and glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and the epithelial marker carcino-embroyonic antigen (CEA) was also assessed. Laminin was detected in a subepithelial location in all the choroid plexus tumours but in none of the ependymomas, although basement membrane fragmentation was seen in the choroid plexus carcinomas. In contrast, GFAP was present in all the types of tumour examined. Cytokeratin (as detected by CAM 5.2) was present in all the choroid plexus lesions and also in the ependymomas arising in the spinal canal. CEA was not detected. We conclude that immunostaining for laminin assists distinction between choroid plexus tumors and papillary ependymomas and between benign and malignant choroid plexus tumours.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1979

Metastatic disease from untreated uveal melanomas.

Few ophthalmologists or pathologists have observed uveal melanomas that metastasized before they were recognized and treated. In an effort to characterize those melanomas that have produced metastatic disease before the tumor-containing eye was enucleated, we have collected a series of 29 cases for review. These have generally involved older subjects (median age 65 years) who had large tumors that had been symptomatic for long periods before being recognized. A disproportionately large percentage showed extraocular extension. Although the data support the thesis that uveal melanomas are typically slow-growing tumors that show local infiltrative properties but little tendency to produce metastatic disease unless treated by enucleation of the eye, it is possible that the available information is possibly biased by our methods of acquisition of data. Much pertinent information is lost because the cases usually do not come to the attention of ophthalmologists or ophthalmic pathologist. This missing link in our knowledge of the natural course of untreated uveal melanomas is one of several factors that make it impossible to determine whether the overall effects of enucleation have been beneficial or harmful in the management of this disease.

Adult↗