[beta-D-glucopyranosylstigmast-7-en-3beta-ol from Citrullus lanatus var. citroides].
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Phytosterols↗
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Host Range and Chemical Control of Cercospora citrullina, the Causal Agent of Watermelon Spot Disease.
This study systematically evaluated cultivation requirements, host range, and chemical control options for Cercospora citrullina causing watermelon spot disease. Among 11 chemically defined media tested, corn meal agar medium supported optimal mycelial growth of C. citrullina, with an average radial growth rate of 56.72 ± 1.45 mm under controlled conditions (25°C, darkness). Host range determination via artificial inoculation of 19 plant species confirmed that the host range of the strain UNL090101 is limited to the Cucurbitaceae species tested, with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) exhibiting the highest susceptibility, followed by melon (Cucumis melo) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Fungicide screening of 17 commercial formulations identified 40% iminoctadine tris (albesilate) WP (EC50 = 2.82 μg·liter-1) and 64% mancozeb + 8% cymoxanil (WS) (EC50 = 48.75 μg·liter-1) as the most effective treatments, achieving control efficacies of 74.47 and 58.62%, respectively. These findings provide actionable guidelines for optimizing crop rotation, intercropping strategies, and fungicide selection in watermelon production systems.
Cercospora citrullina↗
Decoding microbial metabolic complementarity from individual traits to community structuring.
A fundamental challenge in microbiome research lies in elucidating the functional capacity of microbial communities through community membership and genomic data. As community structuring and emergent functional traits are determined by bacterial community metabolic networks, it is important to gain insights into the principles that govern bacteria-bacteria interactions. Here, we applied an integrative framework linking individual strain-level traits to community structuring in a simplified synthetic bacterial community (SSC8) that promotes the growth of ungrafted watermelon. By combining mono- and coculture assays with genome-scale metabolic modeling and metabolomic profiling of spent media, we characterized directional interactions and resource dependencies among community members. Our findings show that positive interactions dominated the community network, accounting for 55% of all pairwise combinations, indicating a high prevalence of growth-promoting effects among strains. Genome-scale metabolic modeling showed that functional divergence among strains enhanced the potential for metabolic complementarity as phylogenetic distance increased. Integrating metabolic modeling with metabolomics further suggested that Pseudomonas azotifigens Q6 not only benefited from all other community members, but also exhibited mutualistic interactions with the other three strains, with metabolite exchange involving compounds such as L-lysine and L-cysteine. Pseudomonas azotifigens Q6 acted as an important driver of community composition by affecting the abundance of several other consortium members in vitro. These findings highlight the role of metabolic complementarity in driving community structuring by promoting selective persistence of specific strains. Our work provides mechanistic insights into microbial interaction networks in vitro and offers a conceptual foundation for the rational design of functionally robust and plant-beneficial microbiomes.
Bacteria↗