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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Post-traumatic stress disorder and civil violence in Northern Ireland.

The case records of 499 victims of civil and terrorist violence were examined, and the presence or absence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated features recorded. The results support the face, and predictive, validities of PTSD. 'Acting as if the event were reoccurring' and 'survivor guilt' seemed not to be characteristic symptoms, and the homogeneity of the emotional state in PTSD was questionable. Only marital disharmony and suicidal behaviour were associated complications. PTSD seemed to be found in a wide range of stressors, but the danger in over-reliance on results from combat veterans is emphasised.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatric aspects of terrorist violence: Northern Ireland 1969-1987.

For 18 years, Northern Ireland has suffered a changing pattern of civil disorder. Early years were marked by widespread sectarian rioting, shootings, and bombings, which heightened community tension and caused much social and commercial disruption. However, in recent years, terrorist organisations have been more selective in their acts of violence. There are methodological difficulties in assessing the psychological impact of civil disorder and terrorism. But, as well as can be judged from community surveys, hospital admissions and referral data, psychotropic drug usage, suicide and attempted suicide rates, and from assessment of the actual victims of violence, society has not 'broken down' nor has the impact been judged considerable. Possible explanations are discussed.

Civil Disorders↗
PubMed1975

The classification of trauma. Lessons leaned in classifying injuries of 1,797 patients from civil disturbances in Northern Ireland, 1969-1971.

The difficulties of applying the rules of the International Classification of Diseases to trauma cases are discussed on the basis of coding the injuries of 1,797 injured patients from civil disorders in Northern Ireland, 1969-1971. Certain inadequacies of the code are indicated and suggestions made about ways to modify it and make its applications more informative.

Civil Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Hidden consequences of state violence: spinal cord injuries in Soweto, South Africa.

Many spinal cord injured people in Soweto are victims of direct, repressive state violence, such as police shootings. All of them are victims of the indirect structural violence that is institutionalized against both blacks and disabled people in South Africa. SCI people in Soweto are therefore subject to two sources of disadvantage and exclusion. This paper describes a survey of 88 SCI Sowetans. Their lives are marked by poverty and social isolation. Their experiences bring into sharp focus some of the concrete and hidden results of apartheid as a violent and disabling system.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Suicide and female aggression: a contemporary analysis of anomic suicide.

Much has been said about the combined efforts of civil disorder and the emergence of the Women's Right Movement during the mid 1960s-early 1970s, suggesting that perhaps now females would rebel against their traditional subordinate/passive role and aspire to more assertive positions within society. Since social disruption and anomic suicide are closely associated, the authors looked at the relationship between suicide and female assertiveness (aggressive suicides). While male/female suicide rates remained proportional over time, female victims, during this period, did manifest a greater degree of aggression than in the past.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Urbanization and de-urbanization of the black population before the Civil War.

Pre-Civil War black urbanization is examined using data from federal census records, 1790 to 1860. The black population is found to be as urban as the white population initially, but its urbanization underwent relative decline in the last two decades before the Civil War. Foreshadowing current patterns, the northern black population was heavily concentrated in the largest cities, and the free black population was the most urban of all groups. The timing of black urban decline in the North, as well as regional and size of place differences in that decline, suggest that both competition with immigrants in major eastern seaboard cities and the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850 contributed to black de-urbanization. For the South, the explanations of black urban decline proposed by Wade, Conrad and Meyer, Goldin, and Bonacich are evaluated, and Bonacich's split labor market theory is judged to be most consistent with the demographic trends.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1992

Social class and minor psychiatric disorder in British Civil Servants: a validated screening survey using the General Health Questionnaire.

Major psychiatric disorder is more common in people of lower rather than higher socioeconomic status. This is less clear for the commoner, so-called minor psychiatric disorders, but these are more affected by tendency to report symptoms. To examine this the distribution of minor psychiatric disorder by employment grade measured by the 30-item General Health Questionnaire is reported from the first cross-sectional phase of the Whitehall II Study of 10,314 London-based civil servants, men and women between 35 and 55 years. Validation of the GHQ in a random subsample stratified by grade and sex (N = 201) suggested that people in lower employment grades tend to under-report minor psychiatric disorder on the GHQ relative to those in higher employment grades. The prevalence of minor psychiatric disorder corrected by the coefficients from the validity study was greater in the lower employment grades than the higher employment grades particularly for men. This was echoed in grade differences in well-being measured by the Affect Balance Scale, and in symptoms and recurrent health problems. Overall, for women there were few clear-cut differences in minor psychiatric disorder by employment grade. The lack of social class gradient in women suggests that further exploration should examine women's role at work and their personal lives for the aetiology of minor psychiatric disorder.

Adult↗