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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Viral carrier state and viral excretion in classical swine fever].

Studies on swine pest virus carrying and elimination on swine vaccinated by lapinizated vaccine strain "K" from rabbits were performed. Vaccinated swine were injected with the pathogenic virus on the 60th day post vaccination and to them were added not immunized swine with the aim to discover virus elimination. The experimental swine were decapitated on the 3, 5, 6 and 7th day post infection. Alternating passages were made by emulsion of the inner organs of these swine on not immunized swine as well as pathohistological investigation of the parenchymal organs and the brain. Presence of the virus and of pathohistological changes were not detected 7 days post injection of the virulent virus. Contact having swine which served as a indicator for virus elimination were observed for 21 days, but remained healthy. These swine, when infected with the virulent virus, suffered from pest.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[A new inactivated vaccine against classical swine fever].

Authors used a wild strain of classical swine fever virus Alfort A19, grown on PK15 cell culture. Virus is concentrated by ultrafiltration technique, inactivated with glycidaldehyde and then mixed with an oil adjuvant. Results have brought into evidence the absolute innocuousness of this vaccine and animals given 2 doses of 2.5 ml or 1 dose of 5 ml were resistant to a challenge 2 months after vaccination. Protection lasts one year, at least.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A review on classical swine fever infections in pigs: epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology.

A review is given on classical swine fever (CSF) including epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology. Under the item of epizootiology the history of CSF is briefly summarized. Ways of transmission are described with special reference to CSF in wild boars. The chapter about clinical disease includes the description of different courses of CSF such as peracute, acute, subacute form and chronic disease with reference to the course of transplacental infection and fate of the progeny associated with the "carrier sow syndrome". The most typical lesions in CSF are summarized in the chapter of pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pathogenesis of classical swine fever: B-lymphocyte deficiency caused by hog cholera virus.

Hog cholera, also known as classical or European swine fever, is caused by hog cholera virus, a member of the genus Pestivirus. It is shown here that the end stage of lethal infection in the natural host is associated with a dramatic depletion preferentially of B lymphocytes in the circulatory system as well as in lymphoid tissues. Already at the onset of disease, viral replication in lymphoid tissues demarcates the germinal centers, and the viral genome remains localized to that site as the disease progresses even after morphologic disintegration of the follicular structure. A block in B-lymphocyte maturation by infection and destruction of germinal centers is discussed as a key event in the pathogenesis of acute, lethal hog cholera.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Estimation of the dynamics and rate of transmission of classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild pigs.

Infectious diseases establish in a population of wildlife hosts when the number of secondary infections is greater than or equal to one. To estimate whether establishment will occur requires extensive experience or a mathematical model of disease dynamics and estimates of the parameters of the disease model. The latter approach is explored here. Methods for estimating key model parameters, the transmission coefficient (beta) and the basic reproductive rate (RDRS), are described using classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild pigs as an example. The tentative results indicate that an acute infection of classical swine fever will establish in a small population of wild pigs. Data required for estimation of disease transmission rates are reviewed and sources of bias and alternative methods discussed. A comprehensive evaluation of the biases and efficiencies of the methods is needed.

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PubMed1979

[Nature and specificity of the auxilliary rabbit test in the diagnosis of swine fever].

Experiments were carried out with the aim to reveal the causes for the inhibited temperature reaction in rabbits to swine pest virus strain K in case of previous injection with virulent pest virus. It was established that in the serum of rabbits injected with virulent swine pest virus specific antibodies are found, which are capable to neutralize the lappinized K virus introduced later. This phenomenon which is specific enough and highly sensitive can be used with success as an auxiliary biological test in classical swine pest diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Hog cholera diagnostic techniques.

Clinical signs and lesions can sometimes provide the basis for a presumptive diagnosis of hog cholera (HC). However, an accurate diagnosis requires laboratory testing. The usual procedure for the detection of viral antigen is the examination of cryostat sections stained with fluorescein-conjugated HC antiserum. A more definitive technique is isolation of the virus in PK-15 cell cultures and identification of the viral antigen in cells using an HC fluorescent antibody conjugate. As bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus will cross-react with HC virus, isolation must be confirmed by the comparison of BVD and HC staining or, preferably, by the use of monoclonal antibodies that can differentiate between HC and BVD viruses. Hog cholera surveillance must rely on serology. The fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test is the classical technique, and HC and BVD antibody can usually be differentiated if HC-positive serum samples are tested against both viruses. Recently the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and peroxidase-labeled antibody tests have become the commonly used techniques.

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PubMed1992

A tissue culture vaccine with lapinized chinese (LC) strain of hog cholera virus (HCV).

The lapinized chinese (LC) strain of hog cholera virus (HCV), was adapted to grow in a cell line from minipig kidney (MPK) where it reached a titer, as determined by immunofluorescence, significantly higher than in rabbits. Inasmuch as the immune serum to HCV neutralized the culture-adapted virus, it was concluded that its antigenicity did not undergo any change after adaptation to MPK cells. The MPK-LC adapted virus (MPK-LC-HCV) showed also a higher immunogenic activity in rabbits, in comparison with the original LC virus. The MPK-LC-HCV protected pigs against challenge infection with virulent HCV. Thus, the vaccinated pigs did not show any clinical signs of disease, nor have they been responsible of virus shedding after they were exposed to the challenge infection 1 month or 6 and 11 months later. All vaccinated pigs seroconverted after vaccination and the antibody titers were on the same range of those reported in pigs vaccinated with the traditional vaccine prepared in rabbits. In the same pigs the antibody concentration underwent a booster effect following challenge infection. It was suggested the MPK-LC-HCV vaccine as an alternative product that might be used to prevent HCV infection. prevent HCV infection.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid detection of hog cholera virus in tissues by the polymerase chain reaction.

A rapid method for the detection of hog cholera virus (HCV) in infected tissues, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. Total RNA isolated from HCV-infected tissues was reverse transcribed with AMV reverse transcriptase and the resulting complementary DNA was amplified by Taq DNA polymerase in the presence of two HCV-specific primers. The amplified DNA fragment was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity of this method was at 10(4) TCID50 of HCV. The sensitivity increased approximately 1000-fold when the DNA was reamplified with a set of nested primers. DNA sequencing analysis of the PCR products revealed that the HCV sequence amplified from a local field isolate was highly homologous to the HCV Alfort strain. This method may be useful for pathological and epidemiological studies of HCV in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Survival of hog cholera virus (HCV) in sausage meat products (Italian salami).

Survival of hog cholera virus (HCV) was determined in several sausage meat products (Italian salami) prepared with meats from experimentally infected hogs slaughtered at the peak of disease. Meats were processed following the technology applied by the main factories of the typical Italian production. The survival of HCV was assessed through inoculation in both PK 15 cell monolayers and fully susceptible piglets. In all types of sausages examined HCV was detected up to 75 days of curing by piglet inoculation. This technique was much more sensitive than use of cell culture.

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PubMed1992

A comparison of the pathogenicity of two strains of hog cholera virus. 1. Clinical and pathological studies.

The virulence of a strain of hog cholera virus isolated during an outbreak of mild disease in pigs in New South Wales in 1960/61 (the NSW strain) was compared over 11 days with that of a virulent strain by inoculating 8 pigs with each virus and comparing the ensuing clinical signs and pathology. Both viruses caused persistent pyrexia and leukopenia, the NSW strain 4 to 5 days and the virulent strain 3 days, after inoculation. Few other clinical signs were observed in the pigs inoculated with the NSW strain. In contrast, all pigs inoculated with the virulent strain became progressively depressed and incoordinated, and were killed between days 6 and 9. Bronchopneumonia and swollen, reddened lymph nodes were observed in pigs inoculated with both viruses. Few other gross lesions were observed with the NSW strain, but some pigs receiving the virulent strain had pustules in the tonsil and the anterior oesophagus, petechial haemorrhages in the kidney, and small infarcts at the margins of the spleen. There were marked differences in the histopathology, both in the variety of organs affected and the severity of lesions in individual organs. Suppurative bronchopneumonia occurred in both groups. Other changes in the pigs affected with the NSW strain were colitis, mild cerebral vasculitis, necrosis, haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration in some lymph nodes and spleens. In pigs infected with virulent virus the cerebral vasculitis was so severe that there was necrosis of cells within the vessel walls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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PubMed1992

A comparison of the pathogenicity of two strains of hog cholera virus. 2. Virological studies.

Quantitative and qualitative differences were demonstrated in the amount of virus in a range of tissues from pigs infected with either the Weybridge or New South Wales (NSW) strains of hog cholera (HC) virus. The titre of the Weybridge strain in samples, as assessed by either virus titration in cell culture or by the density of specific fluorescing cells in tissue sections, was higher than that for the NSW strain. This correlated with the greater severity of the clinico-pathological syndrome induced by the Weybridge strain. The implications of the differences in the virus content of tissues in the diagnosis of HC is discussed as is the use of monoclonal antibodies to differentiate HC and bovine virus diarrhoea viruses.

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PubMed1992

A second envelope glycoprotein mediates neutralization of a pestivirus, hog cholera virus.

Several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against hog cholera virus (HCV) reacted with the HCV structural glycoprotein gp44/48 and neutralized the virus. The presence of HCV gp44/48 on the viral surface was directly demonstrated by immunogold electron microscopy. Eight anti-HCV gp44/48 MAbs were tested by immunoperoxidase assay against a panel of pestivirus strains. Each MAb showed a distinct pattern of reactivity with HCV strains. It is suggested that the MAbs are well suited for epidemiological investigations of HCV outbreaks.

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