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PubMedDate not supplied

[Investigation of molecular-genetic heterogeneity of clematis plants (Clematis L.) obtained by organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in vitro].

Genome variability of in vitro micropropagated Clematis plants was established. The optimum concentrations of BAP and zeatin in the culture medium regulating in vitro morphogenetic processes in clematis explants cv. Serenada Kryma were determined. Molecular-genetic analysis of Clematis plants obtained via in vitro somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis was carried out. Using ISSR primers 105 amplicons have been revealed, six of them were polymorphic. The mean index of heterogeneity of clematis plants was 5.7%.

Clematis↗
PubMed1995

Studies on the constituents of Clematis species. VI. The constituents of Clematis stans Sieb. et Zucc.

From the roots of Clematis stans three new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins named clemastanoside A, B and C, and two new lignan glycosides named clemastanin A and B, have been isolated together with three known triterpenoid saponins, huzhangoside B, C and D, and three known lignan glycosides, (+)-lariciresinol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-lariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (+)-pinoresinol 4,4'-O-bis-beta-D-glucopyranoside. In addition, from the leaves, four new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, named clemastanoside D, E, F and G, have been isolated together with five known triterpenoid saponins, hederasaponin B, kizutasaponin K12, huzhangoside B, sieboldianoside B and huzhangoside D, and three known flavonoids, isoquercitrin, rutin and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on chemical and physicochemical evidence as follows: clemastanoside A, 3-O-beta-D-ribopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-a lpha-L- arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-(4-O-acetyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (terminal rhamnosyl 4-O-acetate of huzhangoside B); clemastanoside B and C, 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- and 3-O-beta-D-ribopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, respectively; clemastanoside D, 3-O-beta-D-ribopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester; clemastanoside E, F and G, terminal rhamnosyl 4-O-, 3-O- and 2-O-acetate of 3-O-beta-D-ribopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-a lpha-L- arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta- D- glucopyranosyl ester, respectively; clemastanin A, (7S,8R)-3-methoxy-3',4,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-4',7-epoxy-5',8-lignan 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside; clemastanin B, (+)-lariciresinol 4,4'-O-bis-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Studies on the constituents of Clematis species. VII. Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Clematis terniflora DC. var. robusta Tamura.

From the roots of Clematis terniflora, nine new oleanolic acid 3,28-O-bisdesmosides called clematernosides A, B, E, F, G, H, I, J and K, and two new hederagenin 3,28-O-bisdesmosides called clematernosides C and D, have been isolated together with two known saponins, huzhangoside B and clematichinenoside C. The structures of the new saponins have been elucidated based on chemical and spectral evidence. Among the new spaonins, clematernosides I and J have a nonasaccharide moiety and a total of twelve monosaccharide moieties in the molecule. This is the first report of the isolation and structure elucidation of such "big" glycosides.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed2001

Studies on the constituents of Clematis species. VIII. Triterpenoid saponins from the aerial part of Clematis tibetana KUNTZ.

From the aerial part of Clematis tibetana, two new hederagenin 3,28-O-bisdesmosides called clematibetosides A and C, and a new gypsogenin 3,28-O-bisdesmoside called clematibetoside B, have been isolated together with ten known saponins. The structures of the new saponins have been elucidated based on chemical and spectral evidence as follows: clematibetoside A, 3-O-(2-O-caffeoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-ribopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyraside; clematibetoside B, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl gypsogenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside; clematibetoside C, 3-O-beta-D-ribopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Inhibition of COXs and 5-LOX and activation of PPARs by Australian Clematis species (Ranunculaceae).

The species of Clematis (Ranunculaceae) have been traditionally used for inflammatory conditions by indigenous Australians. We have previously reported that the ethanol extract of Clematis pickeringii inhibited COX-1. In this study, we examined the ethanol extracts and fractions of three Clematis species, Clematis pickeringii, Clematis glycinoides and Clematis microphylla, on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). We further examined the activating effects on the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and gamma (PPARgamma) in HepG2 cells. The ethanol extracts of three Clematis species inhibited the activities of COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX in the different extents. The stem extract of Clematis pickeringii showed the highest inhibitory activities among the three species on COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX with the IC(50) values of 73.5, 101.2 and 29.3 microg/mL. One of its fractions also significantly elevated PPARalpha expression by 173, 280 and 435% and PPARgamma expression by 140, 228 and 296% at 4, 8 and 16 microg/mL, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A purified extract from Clematis mandshurica prevents staurosporin-induced downregulation of 14-3-3 and subsequent apoptosis on rat chondrocytes.

OBJECTIVE: To dissect the mechanism of the protection of staurosporin-induced apoptosis on rat chondrocytes by a purified extract from Clematis mandshurica. DESIGN: Primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes as well as RCJ3.1C.18 cells were incubated with 1 microM staurosporin and 300 microg/ml purified extract from Clematis mandshurica. Western blot assay, silencing 14-3-3 gene and immunoprecipitation were conducted. RESULTS: Clematis mandshurica prevented staurosporin-induced downregulation of several antiapoptotic bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, and staurosporin-induced upregulation of an apoptotic bcl-2 family protein Bax. Clematis mandshurica also prevented staurosporin-induced downregulation of a premitochondrial antiapoptotic protein 14-3-3. It is noticeable that siRNA to 14-3-3 abolished the prevention of caspase-3 activation by Clematis mandshurica. Furthermore viability assay corroborated that silencing of 14-3-3 gene abolished this apoptosis protection efficacy by Clematis mandshurica. Immunoprecipitation assay elucidated that Clematis mandshurica prevented the staurosporin-induced reduction of the interactions between 14-3-3 with phospho-ser112-Bad and Bcl-xL to phospho-ser155-Bad. CONCLUSIONS: Clematis mandshurica prevents staurosporin-induced apoptosis of rat chondrocytes via 14-3-3.

14-3-3 Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Clematis mandshurica protected to apoptosis of rat chondrocytes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of SKI 306X, a purified extract from the mixture of three herbs, i.e. Clematis mandshurica, Trichosanthes kirilowii and Prunella vulgaris, on apoptosis in chondrocytes. DESIGN: Rat chondrocyte cell line RCJ3.1C.18 cells were incubated with 1 microM staurosporin and SKI 306X or each of its components. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay. Induction of apoptosis was determined by nuclear condensation or fragmentation after Hoechst staining. Amount of apoptosis was quantified both by nuclear morphology and flow cytometry. Expression level of Bcl-2, and caspase-3 and PARP activations were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS: SKI 306X significantly prevented staurosporin-induced apoptosis. Among its three components, only Clematis mandshurica significantly decreased the amount of staurosporin-induced apoptosis. Although the level of Bcl-2 expression was decreased after staurosporin treatment, it was sustained after the combination treatment with Clematis mandshurica. Whereas staurosporin induced the degradation of 32 kDa caspase-3 precursor and the production of 85-kDa cleavage products of PARP in a time-dependent fashion, Clematis mandshurica treatment prevented those manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological efficacy of SKI 306X protecting osteoarthritis in part may result from the inhibition of apoptosis in chondrocytes by Clematis mandshurica.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanolic extract from Clematis mandshurica Rupr.

Clematis mandshurica Rupr (Ranunculaceae) roots are used in traditional Korean medicine to treat inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, we undertook to investigate their inhibitory effect on inflammation under non-cytotoxic conditions. The ethanolic extract of Clematis mandshurica at 100 microg/ml was found to significantly block the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon(IFN)-gamma-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages, by up to 77% and 59%, respectively. In addition, it significantly inhibited cell proliferation and cytokine production (interleukin (IL)-2 and IFN-gamma) in splenocytes stimulated with Con A (concanavalin A; 5 microg/ml). Furthermore, when splenocytes from extract fed mice (200 mg/kg for 2 weeks) were activated with Con A, cell proliferation and the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were significantly inhibited. In addition, the extract reduced in vivo inflammation in oxazolone-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) model mice. Taken together, these data suggest that Clematis mandshurica is able to ameliorate inflammatory disease by exerting an anti-inflammatory effect in cases of proinflammatory and cell-mediated inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the anticancer activities of the Clematis manshrica saponins in vivo].

OBJECTIVE: To study the anticancer activity of the Clematis manshrica saponins in vivo. METHOD: Anticancer activities were tested in mice with experimental tumor (S180, HepA and P388) in vivo. RESULT: The Clematis manshrica saponins showed a significant anticancer activities on Sarcoma-180, HepA and P388 implanted in mice. In S180 sarcoma, the average tumor inhibition rates were 42.78%, 52.06% and 58.25% (P < 0.05-0.01) respectively; The mean inhibition rates were 37.44%, 52.05% and 59.36% (P < 0.05-0.001) in Hep A tumor separately; while in P388 tumor, the mean inhibition rates were 34.50%, 46.78% and 54.39% (P < 0.05-0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Clematis manshrica has obvious antitumor effects against various transplanted tumor in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of diuretic activity of the constituents of Clematis montevidensis Spreng. (Ranunculaceae) in rats.

The effects of Clematis montevidensis Spreng. (Ranunculaceae) on urinary excretion of water, sodium and potassium were investigated in rats loaded with isotonic saline solution. The data reported in the present work indicate that the infusions of the root and aerial part of Clematis montevidensis showed a moderate diuretic activity. This effect could be due, at least in part, to the presence of oleanolic acid isolated from this plant.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Isolation and structures of two divinyl ether fatty acids from Clematis vitalba.

[1-14C]Linolenic acid was incubated with a homogenate of leaves of Clematis vitalba, a plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. Analysis of the reaction product by reversed-phase high-performance liquid radiochromatography demonstrated the presence of the following labeled oxylipins: 12-oxo-10, 15(Z)-phytodienoic acid, 9(S)-hydroxy-10(E), 12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, omega5(Z)-etherolenic acid, and 9-[1'(E), 3'(Z),6'(Z)-nonatrienyloxy]-8(Z)-nonenoic acid [8(Z)-colnelenic acid]. The last compound was a new divinyl ether FA, and an analogous compound, i.e., 9-[1'(E),3'(Z)-nonadienyloxy]-8(Z)-nonenoic acid [8(Z)-colneleic acid], was obtained following incubation of linoleic acid with the Clematis homogenate. Structures of the two divinyl ethers were assigned by spectral and chromatographic comparison with authentic compounds prepared synthetically using previously described methodology. Separate incubation of the 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of linolenic acid demonstrated that the first hydroperoxide served as the precursor of 8(Z)-colnelenic acid and indicated the presence in C. vitalba of a new divinyl ether synthase acting on 9-lipoxygenase-generated hydroperoxides. A close structural relationship between this enzyme and the well-studied divinyl ether synthase in the potato and tomato seems likely.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2006

Clematis vitalba L. aerial part exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects.

Extracts obtained from the dried aerial parts of Clematis species are used as folk remedy worldwide for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments such as rheumatism and to reduce fever. In order to test the effectiveness of extracts, fractions and subfractions from dried Clematis vitalba L. (Ranunculaceae) aerial parts were studied on mice. Extracts are shown to have a potent effect on carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and acetic acid-induced increased vascular permeability models. Through bioassay-guided fractionation procedures a new C-glycosylflavon, 4'-O-coumaroyl-isovitexine (vitalboside) was isolated as the main active ingredient of the aerial parts. Vitalboside showed a potent and dose-dependent (in 75 and 150 mg/kg does, per os) in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against acute (carrageenan-, serotonin- and PGE(2)-induced hind paw edema model, castor oil-induced diarrhea), subacute (subcutaneous air-pouch) and chronic (Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis) models of inflammation. The same compound was also isolated as the main antinociceptive principle which was assessed by using the models based on the inhibition of p-benzoquinone-induced writhings, as well as antipyretic activity against Freund's complete adjuvant-induced increased body temperature. Acute and subchronic toxicity studies were also performed.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed2003

Growth habit and mechanical architecture of the sand dune-adapted climber Clematis flammula var. maritima L.

Clematis flammula var. maritima is a woody lianoid plant that grows on coastal sand dunes in the Mediterranean region. Older perennial stems are present as extensive underground axes. These generate surface growth of shorter-lived stems producing monospecific trellises above the surface of the sand. Despite its sand dune habitat and shortage of host support plants, this variety of Clematis shows mechanical characteristics during growth that are closely comparable with those of scandent woody lianas. A significant decrease in the value of structural Young's modulus is observed from the aerial trellis-forming shoots (1.619 +/- 0.492 GN m(-2)) to emergent axes (0.855 +/- 0.253 GN m(-2)) and underground woody stems (0.470 +/- 0.113 GN m(-2)). Biomechanical and developmental observations indicate that most emergent branches are optimized geometrically and mechanically in relation to their points of emergence from the sand, with increases in structural Young's modulus and the second moment of area around the surface of the sand. Lianoid plants, physiologically capable of withstanding sand dune environments, might represent acceptable natural or introduced species for dune stabilization and conservation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of Clematis fusca preparations on androgen target organs].

The effect of Clematis fusca (Clematis fusca Turcz.) preparations of the prostate and seminal vesicles was studied in castrated rats. There was seen an intensification of the functional activity of these organs, similar to the result of the methyltestosterone action. Substances with an androgenic effect are supposed to be present in the plant under study.

Androgens↗
PubMed1990

[Studies and comparisons on chemical components of essential oils from Clematis hexapetala Pall. and Inula nervosa Wall].

Chemical components of the essential oils from clematis hexapetala and Inula nervosa were analyzed by using GC-MS-DS. The result shows that the major components of the essential oil from Inula nervosa are thymol and thymol isobutyrate, while the major components of the essential oil from Clematis hexapetala are palmitic acid and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyl benzaldehyde.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed2004

Triterpene saponins from the roots of Clematis chinensis.

A saponin-enriched fraction prepared from the MeOH extract of the roots of Clematis chinensis showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, from which five new triterpene saponins based on oleanolic acid, along with three known saponins, were isolated. The structures of the new saponins were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR data and hydrolysis followed by chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. Among the isolated saponins, monodesmosidic saponins exhibited cytotoxic activities against cultured tumor cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Triterpene saponins from clematis mandshurica.

Four new triterpene saponins, clematomandshurica saponins A-D (1-4), together with three known saponins (5-7) have been isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis mandshurica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic evidence and hydrolysis. Clematomandshurica saponins A and B showed significant inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50 = 2.66 and 2.58 microM, respectively).

Animals↗