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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1984

The relationship of rehabilitation center staff and client endorsement of appropriate client behaviors to outcome.

Clients who enroll in comprehensive rehabilitation centers but fail to complete their planned programs tend to be, at follow-up, less well adjusted than clients who do complete their planned program. Consequently, much research has been directed at understanding why clients fail and at identifying those clients most likely to fail. This study analyzed the relationship of client and staff expectations toward important client behaviors to outcome. Using a two-dimensional scaling technique, staff (n = 74) and clients (n = 268), at a large comprehensive rehabilitation center were asked to judge their acceptance of clients exhibiting either independent or dependent behaviors. Results indicated that both clients and staff approved of independence over dependence, that there was no difference between types of staff in their perceptions of appropriate client behaviors, that there were no significant differences between client program completers and noncompleters in perceptions toward appropriate behaviors, but that there were significant differences between clients and staff in the degree of approval of select client behaviors. Implications for rehabilitation practice and future research are discussed.

Assertiveness↗

PubMed1990

The congruence of elderly client and nurse perceptions of the clients' self-care agency.

Congruence of client and nurse perceptions is vital to mutual goal-setting as a means of achieving self-care in the elderly. The purpose of this descriptive, correlational study was to explore the relationship between nurse and elderly client perceptions of the clients' self-care agency. A sample of 40 elderly client subjects and registered nurses' selected from two community health agencies, completed a questionnaire consisting of three instruments: (a) a demographic sheet; (b) the appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale; and (c) the Perceived Health Status. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were significant for the relationships between: (a) client and nurse perceptions of clients' self-care agency (r = 0.42, P less than 0.01); (b) client and nurse perceptions of clients' health status (r = 0.38, P less than 0.01; and (c) nurse perceptions of clients' self-care agency and nurse perceptions of clients' health status (r = 0.44, P less than 0.01). With increasing emphasis on health promotion of the elderly in the community, identified relationships may have potential implications for gerontological and community nursing practice.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Comparisons of perceptions of the environments of adolescent drug treatment residential and outpatient programs by staff versus clients and by sex of staff and clients.

The Moos Community Oriented Program Environment Scale (COPES) was administered to 482 adolescent clients and 291 drug counselors in 30 outpatient and 27 residential drug treatment programs. Both clients and staff of residential programs were found to rate their programs more positively than did clients and staff of outpatient programs in the following specific ways: "encourage and provide more support"; "provide more practical help", such as training; "more concern with clients' personal problems"; and "encourage clients to argue, express anger, and display aggressive behavior". The only COPES factor on which the outpatient programs were perceived as superior to residential programs was "spontaneity" ("The program encourages clients to act openly and to express their feelings openly"). Across both types of programs, staff perceived the programs significantly more positively than did clients. The male staff ratings were the most positive of the ratings of the four subgroups. Female clients rated the program environments more positively than did male clients, but female staff did not rate the program environments more positively relative to male staff. Since the female staff ratings tend to be somewhat more similar to the ratings of the clients, both male and female, than did the male staff ratings, it might seem reasonable to hypothesize that the female staff ratings are more valid than the male staff ratings.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Routine voluntary HIV screening in STD clinic clients: characterization of infected clients.

Since January 25, 1988, the Baltimore City Health Department has offered routine, confidential, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing to clients of the city's two sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. During the first 11 months of the program, testing was offered at 20,843 patient visits and was accepted at 15,181 (73%) of these; 612 (4%) individual clients had results that were positive for HIV. Four hundred thirty-seven (71%) seropositive clients returned for test results, post-test counseling, and further evaluation. Most HIV-infected clients were single, and black men accounted for 75% of seropositive individuals. HIV-infected women tended to be younger than infected men (7% of the female clients were adolescents). Although homosexual activity, intravenous drug use, and sex with a partner at risk were common risk factors for seropositive clients, after two interviews 17% of men and 38% of infected women did not report traditional risk factors for HIV infection. Most clients were asymptomatic or had generalized lymphadenopathy at the time of HIV diagnosis. Health care resources for these individuals were limited; 62% of men and 85% of women either had no health insurance or received public assistance. Routine, voluntary, confidential HIV counseling and testing is a practical, effective means to identify HIV-infected individuals among clients being treated at STD clinics. Identification of these individuals early in the course of infection provides opportunities to implement early follow-up and therapy, to counsel clients to help prevent further spread of infection, and to obtain useful information for projecting future health care needs and policy.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMed1989

Identification of problems and strengths of the hospice client by clients, caregivers, and nurses. Implications for nursing.

This exploratory study included instrument development as well as testing. The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether primary caregivers and hospice nurses identified the same problems and strengths of individual clients as did clients themselves. The instrument, a 27-item modified Q-sort, was based on review of literature on the concept Quality of Life. Dembo's Insider versus Outsider Perspective was the theoretical framework. Using the instrument, participants identified the problems and strengths of the client in the current time frame. Twenty consenting hospice clients, their primary caregiver, and their assigned hospice nurse were studied. No significant differences were found between clients, nurses, and caregivers when Total instrument means were compared (F = 1.38, p = 0.26). Three of the 27 items showed significant differences in the means of the three groups. Reliability coefficients showed high internal consistency on the Total instrument (0.87). Nurses and caregivers were found to identify problems and strengths of the client as perceived by the client. Findings corroborated Dembo's theory. Support of the hospice concept as the appropriate method of care for terminally ill clients was suggested.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

A comparison of data from dental charts, client interview, and client mail survey.

Dental records and client survey reports were compared as sources of data for dental research. Further, two forms of the client survey were completed, a mail survey and telephone interview. A random sample of 271 clients of a dental group practice based within a university health service was selected. The Kappa values indicated a reasonable level of agreement of client survey and dental record with regard to the types of services received but no with regard to actual number of visits. Responses to the mail and the telephone versions of the client survey were compared for service satisfaction, hygiene behavior, and attitude and belief variables. Two potential sources of bias: nonrespondent/respondent bias and other response biases, such as acquiescent responses, were detected. The study illustrates the importance of weighing which source of response bias is more crucial to the general validity of a study based on the research questions to be addressed.

Dental Health Surveys↗

PubMed1977

Ratings of client self-disclosure and improvement as a function of sex of client and therapist.

This study examined the effects of client and therapist sex on client self-disclosure and improvement from individual psychotherapy. Based upon closing summary data collected at a college psychological counseling center, it was found that clients were more likely to be rated as low disclosers by female than by male therapists. Males viewed more clients as improved than did females (74% vs. 50%).

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1978

On the relationship of client satisfaction to client characteristics and outcome of treatment.

Administered to former psychiatric patients a client satisfaction scale and two general questions about satisfaction with hospitalization. Regression analyses that used the client satisfaction measures as dependent variables indicated that the client satisfaction scale was related more to other treatment outcome measures, especially length of stay and goal attainment. The two general questions on satisfaction had correlated highly with each other, but little relation to other outcome measures. The need for a clearer definition of client satisfaction is discussed.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1990

Defense mechanisms in clients and non-clients as mediated by gender and sex-role.

This study examined defense mechanism utilization patterns of psychotherapy clients vs. individuals without mental health history, by administering the Defense Mechanism Inventory to 104 subjects. Concurrently, the mediating influence of gender and sex-role on defense mechanism utilization was assessed. Results indicated that gender and sex-role were significant in mediating the use of Turning against Self defenses and Turning against Other defenses, respectively. More importantly, however, psychotherapy clients differed from non-clients in their increased use of Projection and their decreased use of Principalization. Use of Projection was mediated further by a gender by sex-role interaction, which complicates the interpretation of the presence of Projection in an individual for the clinician.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Rehabilitation and the client with epilepsy: a survey of the client's view of the rehabilitation process and its results.

A survey of epileptic clients of the Maryland State Department of Vocational Rehabilitation was conducted to evaluate the success of the rehabilitation process from the client's point of view. Less than half had become employed, 70% had continuing seizures, most had psychosocial problems. Recommendations are made as to how the rehabilitation process could better serve persons with epilepsy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Prevalence of HIV in clients of an outpatient clinic for sexually transmissible diseases and in a group of prostitutes and their clients].

In order to gain insight into the heterosexual spread of HIV infections in Amsterdam, a study was carried out in 1991 among persons attending an outpatient clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and among a group of prostitutes and prostitutes' clients. Out of 2362 persons attending the STD clinic, 2138 (90.5%) could ultimately be examined for presence of HIV antibodies. The HIV seroprevalence was 4.2% (90/2138); among homosexual males it was 22% (70/324), among heterosexual male intravenous drug users 12% (2/17) and among heterosexual males who never had used i.v. drugs 0.5% (5/997). The HIV seroprevalence among female intravenous drug users was 41% (12/29) and that among females who never had used i.v. drugs it was 0.1% (1/771). Among the heterosexually active subjects (active in the preceding six months, including the groups of bisexual males and intravenous drug users), the seroprevalence amounted to 1.5% (28/1884). HIV antibodies could be demonstrated in 1.5% (3/199) of the prostitutes and in 0.5% (1/213) of prostitutes' clients. However, the one positive male had had homosexual contacts in the past. Out of the total of nine heterosexually infected persons, two originated from the Netherlands, two from Ghana, two from Turkey, one from Nigeria, one from Pakistan and one from the Dominican Republic; six of them had commercial contacts. The heterosexual spread of HIV among the heterosexual population of Amsterdam can for the moment be classified as slight. However, further heterosexual transmission of HIV cannot be excluded, considering the frequency of unprotected sex.

Cohort Studies↗

PubMed1970