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Results for “Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Information technology and medication safety: what is the benefit?

Medication errors occur frequently and have significant clinical and financial consequences. Several types of information technologies can be used to decrease rates of medication errors. Computerized physician order entry with decision support significantly reduces serious inpatient medication error rates in adults. Other available information technologies that may prove effective for inpatients include computerized medication administration records, robots, automated pharmacy systems, bar coding, "smart" intravenous devices, and computerized discharge prescriptions and instructions. In outpatients, computerization of prescribing and patient oriented approaches such as personalized web pages and delivery of web based information may be important. Public and private mandates for information technology interventions are growing, but further development, application, evaluation, and dissemination are required.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2003

Improving medication safety: the measurement conundrum and where to start.

The use of medication remains the most common intervention in health care. The complexity of both medication use and the medication management process, especially in the in-patient setting, create a significant risk for hospitalized patients. Despite the widespread recognition of the hazards that medication use poses to patients, there are no widely accepted or standardized methods to measure the safety of medication use. Where to focus measurement in medication safety is the subject of ongoing debate. Various groups have suggested measuring error-prone aspects of the medication use process such as errors in administration of medications or errors in dispensing of medications. Other groups have suggested measuring adverse drug events as a measure of the safety of medication use. Many studies in this area have outlined the great difficulty associated with getting clinicians to report either medication errors or adverse drug events voluntarily. In response to these challenges, yet more groups have developed non-voluntary reporting methods based on the use of "triggers", in either a chart review or electronic format. Medication safety is a complex process and measurement of it needs to be a core component throughout the whole process. With the introduction of computerized analysis of patient information, measurement becomes much easier and potentially more powerful and achievable than either incident reporting or chart reviews for purposes of accountability, prevention, and ongoing improvement of both process and clinical practice. This paper reviews approaches to measuring medication safety from the perspective of both harm and error, and outlines a strategy that combines both approaches in the electronic era.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2006

The California Clinical Data Project: a case study in the adoption of clinical data standards for quality improvement.

The California Clinical Data Project is a statewide initiative to remove barriers to the widespread and effective use of information technology to improve chronic disease care. The project is a case study in the development and widespread adoption of clinical data standards by varied and often competing stakeholders. As an initial step, the project defined precise data standards for the batch reporting of pharmacy claims data and laboratory results data. These uniform standards facilitate the flow of existing electronic clinical information into disease registries and electronic health record systems. Pharmacy and lab results data now are being exchanged electronically with this standard among the largest health plans, medical groups, and clinical laboratories participating in California's pay-for-performance programs. Lessons from this project may apply to the development and adoption of data standards for other states and locales and for the emerging national health information infrastructure.

California↗
PubMed1995

A randomized evaluation of a computer-based physician's workstation: design considerations and baseline results.

We are performing a randomized, controlled trial of a Physician's Workstation (PWS), an ambulatory care information system, developed for use in the General Medical Clinic (GMC) of the Palo Alto VA. Goals for the project include selecting appropriate outcome variables and developing a statistically powerful experimental design with a limited number of subjects. As PWS provides real-time drug-ordering advice, we retrospectively examined drug costs and drug-drug interactions in order to select outcome variables sensitive to our short-term intervention as well as to estimate the statistical efficiency of alternative design possibilities. Drug cost data revealed the mean daily cost per physician per patient was 99.3 cents +/- 13.4 cents, with a range from 0.77 cent to 1.37 cents. The rate of major interactions per prescription for each physician was 2.9% +/- 1%, with a range from 1.5% to 4.8%. Based on these baseline analyses, we selected a two-period parallel design for the evaluation, which maximized statistical power while minimizing sources of bias.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed2000

Merging lab, drug data boosts disease management.

Merging lab and pharmacy data can benefit disease management. Integrating lab data with other data sets gave Blue Cross Blue Shield of Southeast Michigan a way to focus its diabetes disease management program, assess the effectiveness of therapy, and profile physicians. Learn how the plan's experience in data integration can apply to hospital systems and why pursuing a partner in such a project might be a wise move.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1998

A concept-based medication vocabulary: an essential requirement for pharmacy decision support.

The impact of adverse drug events (ADEs) on the cost and quality of health care today is indisputable. A significant portion of these events can be detected and prevented with computerized pharmacy decision support systems. Challenges to the successful implementation of decision support systems include availability and quality of patient data and the accessibility of drug information that can be integrated programmatically on a patient-specific basis. An additional related challenge is establishing the vocabulary (i.e., codes, terms, and meanings) to be used for the representation, exchange, and automation of drug information and clinical functions. A central argument of this article is that a concept-based medication vocabulary needs to be created in order to facilitate the development of pharmacy decision support. We address the medication vocabulary challenge by defining a specific concept-based model of drugs as the basis for a standardized medication terminology.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reaching out to clinicians: implementation of a computerized alert system.

Several published articles have identified that providing automated, computer-generated clinical alerts about potentially critical clinical situations should result in better quality of care. In 1999, the pharmacy department at a community hospital network implemented and refined a commercially available, computerized clinical alert system. This case report discusses the implementation process, gives examples of how the system is used, and describes results following implementation. The use of the clinical alert system in this hospital network resulted in improved patient safety as well as in greater efficiency and decreased costs.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2005

Clinical relevance of drug-drug interactions : a structured assessment procedure.

INTRODUCTION: Computerised drug interaction surveillance systems (CIS) may be helpful in detecting clinically significant drug interactions. Experience with CIS reveals that they often yield alerts with questionable clinical significance, fail to provide relevant information on risk factors for the adverse reaction of the interaction and fail to detect all significant drug interactions. These problems highlight the importance of transparency and selectivity in choosing the drug interactions to be included in CIS. In The Netherlands, the Working Group on Pharmacotherapy and Drug Information is responsible for maintenance of the CIS of the Royal Dutch Association for the Advancement of Pharmacy (KNMP). METHODS: The Working Group developed an evidence-based procedure for structured assessment of drug-drug interactions and revised all drug interactions in the CIS accordingly. RESULTS: For every drug interaction four core parameters were assessed: (i) evidence on the interaction; (ii) clinical relevance of the potential adverse reaction resulting from the interaction; (iii) risk factors identifying patient, medication or disease characteristics for which the interaction is of special importance; and (iv) the incidence of the adverse reaction. On the basis of this assessment the drug-drug interactions for inclusion in the CIS were selected. After revision of the drug combinations in the KNMP-CIS, the Working Group judged 22% of the combinations to be not interacting and another 12% to be interacting but not requiring action. On the basis of this assessment the subset of drug combinations for which interaction alerts are generated and the information on management of a drug interaction alert for users of the CIS were adapted. When an alert is generated by the CIS, the user of the system is supplied with comprehensive information on the four core parameters, the mechanism of the interaction and critical information for management of the interaction for the individual patient. DISCUSSION: This structured procedure offers the possibility for transparent and reproducible assessment of the clinical relevance of drug interactions. CONCLUSION: A CIS selectively generating interaction alerts based on this assessment may help in realising the goal of good clinical practice and may offer a methodology to further increase drug safety.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2002

Preventing exacerbation of an ADE with automated decision support.

This case demonstrates that, despite physician disregard of appropriate expert system warnings during computerized physician order entry, the distribution of alert "override" warnings to non-physician members of the clinical team can help avert adverse drug events.

Adult↗