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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Treatment of clinical mastitis: two intramammary formulations compared.

Two hundred cases of mild clinical mastitis were treated on two farms using two intramammary preparations in quick release bases. One preparation contained penicillin and streptomycin, the other contained lincomycin, neomycin and prednisolone. Fifty-eight per cent of cases were clinically and bacteriologically cured using the first preparation; and 61 per cent of cases, with a similar range of organisms, using the second. The main infections were Streptococcus uberis and coliform; all but three of the infections were sensitive in vitro to one or both of the antibiotics in the preparations. On the farm with 100 cows, 69 per cent of cases were cured, while only 52 per cent were cured on the farm with 300 cows. It is suggested that it is more difficult to detect and treat cases in the larger herd. A number of reservations about the interpretation of the results are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The New South Wales mastitis control program. 1. Field aspects and their effect on clinical and subclinical mastitis.

A mastitis control program based on teat dipping and dry cow therapy was evaluated in 35 herds over a 3 year period. The incidence of subclinical mastitis as detected by the Rapid Mastitis Test (RMT) fell from 34% to 12% quarters positive, a reduction of 65%. Clinical mastitis was reduced from 37 clinical cases per 100 cows in the first 3 month period to 12 clinical cases per 100 cows in the last 3 month period, a reduction of 68%. Variations in response to the program in the reduction of subclinical and clinical mastitis are discussed and the results compared with similar trials conducted overseas. The Modified Whiteside Test was used on bulk milk samples from the control herds and these results were significantly correlated with the prevalence of subclinical mastitis assessed by RMT individual quarters.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Application of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test to the detection of gram-negative bacterial endotoxins in normal and mastitic milk.

The Limulus in vitro endotoxin assay was evaluated as a possible method for the prompt detection and measurement of endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria in milk. Quantitative results were obtained following 1 h incubation of Limulus lysate and 10-fold dilutions of milk from normal quarters and from quarters of cows with clinical mastitis. This test was capable of detecting endotoxins associated with acute coliform mastitis. A positive Limulus reaction was recorded at dilutions ranging from 1: 10(4) to 1: 10(9) of milk from quarters affected with clinical mastitis due to coliform bacteria. Milk from normal quarters and from clinical mastitis cases due to Gram-positive bacteria was consistently negative to the test when diluted 1:10(3).

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Intramammary infections in a dairy herd with a low incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus infections.

In a dairy herd with a low incidence of intrammary infections due to Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus, clinical mastitis remained a serious problem despite good control of nonclinical mastitis through postmilking teat disinfection and antibiotic therapy of known infected quarters at the end of lactation. During the 2-year study, the incidence of clinical mastitis was 0.88 cases/cow-year; 32.2% were caused by streptococcal species other than Str agalactiae and 33.5% by gram-negative organisms. Among all new infections detected, 54.1% were caused by streptococcal species other than Str agalactiae and 25.7% by gram-negative bacteria. Among new infections, 41.6% occurred during the nonlactating period or within a few days of calving. Incidence of clinical mastitis was highest in the 1st month of lactation. Among 84 gram-negative infections, 42.8% were caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 20.2% by Escherichia coli, and 23.8% by Enterobacter spp. Among the many serotypes of K pneumoniae and E coli, none was predominant.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Investigations into the incidence of the various causative agents of mastitis in cattle. Studies done in the ambulatory clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht].

The clinical and bacteriological findings in every head of cattle treated for clinical mastitis in the Ambulatory Clinic of the Veterinary Faculty of Utrecht University were recorded over a period of twelve months. Cattle affected with mastitis were classified into a number of groups, a classification based on the clinical symptoms shown by the animals. In each of these groups the incidence of the various causative agents of mastitis was determined. Another subject of study was the distribution of the causative agents over the various groups. The high proportion (34 percent) of coliform micro-organisms, isolated from animals affected with acute mastitis and showing symptoms of generalized disease was a striking feature.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative studies of total milk protein and protein fractions in various forms of bovine mastitis].

The content of total protein was assessed in 112 milk samples and of protein fractions--in 106 samples taken from cows suffering from clinical mastitis, subclinical mastitis, secretory disturbances, latent infection, and normal milk. Total protein increased along with the rise of cell content. It increased considerably also in the secretion of cows suffering from clinical mastitis, but the rise in the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis, secretory mastitis and laten infection was insignificant. In all mastitis forms the content of serum albumins and gamma-globulin rose significantly, while alpha-lactoalbumins and beta-lactoglobulin were reduced. These changes in the protein fractions of milk can be used with certainty in the diagnosis of all forms of mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The association between disease, production and culling in a university dairy herd.

The impact of ten diseases of dairy cattle on milk production, calving interval and culling were studied in a university operated dairy herd. Cows with clinical mastitis, ketosis or displaced abomasum had lowered milk production. Cows with metritis, retained placenta, cystic graafian follicles or ovarian hypofunction had longer calving intervals. Cows with clinical mastitis, metritis, pneumonia or retained placenta had increased risks of culling. The relationship between disease and culling was based on the medical history of culled and nonculled cows using a case control approach. Therefore, it is likely that in many cases, the association between disease and culling is due to the impact of that disease on productivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The results of a mastitis awareness scheme in dairy herds in Natal and East Griqualand.

Over a period of 3 years some 314 widely distributed producers of fresh milk were made aware of their mastitis situation by regularly reporting the results of electronic determination of somatic cell counts in their bulked herd milk. These reports were preceded by information on the significance of high cell counts and followed by information relative to herd control of mastitis. The data are summarized in 2 figures and 1 table. Statistical analysis reflects a steady and significant improvement in the overall cell count picture over the duration of the programme. No differences could be established between counts on milk delivered in bulk and that delivered in cans. Regional differences existed. Of the herds in which the cell content was reduced to below 500 000/ml, 65% reported an increase in production and a decrease in the incidence of clinical mastitis. In the herds where no decrease in cell content was effected, only 20% reported an increase in production and 30% a reduction of clinical mastitis. Whatever the case, the consumers of the milk benefitted in receiving aesthetically more acceptable milk.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genomic and food-safety evaluation of Staphylococcus chromogenes in Chinese dairy milk.

Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) cause mastitis and may contaminate milk and dairy products. Milk samples (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1916) from cows with subclinical or clinical mastitis (SCM and CM, respectively) were collected from 28 large-scale (> 500 lactating cows) Chinese dairy farms. Overall, 999 NASM isolates representing 19 species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and cpn60 sequencing, with Staphylococcuschromogenes, Mammaliicoccus sciuri and Staphylococcus haemolyticus being most prevalent. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was determined with disc diffusion; non-susceptible to penicillin was most common (SCM, 30% and CM, 29%) whereas cefoxitin non-susceptible NASM accounted for 8-10% of isolates; among these, 12.5% carried mecA but none carried mecC. Galleria mellonella was used to assess virulence of 78 strains of S. chromogenes, a dominant species; subsequently, 32 strains, representing higher- and lower-virulence in the Galleria model, were selected for whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics. S. chromogenes isolates from CM had higher virulence (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05) than those from SCM. The 32 genomes comprised 20 sequence types, indicating high genetic diversity. No robust genomic marker of Galleria virulence phenotype was identified in this selected WGS subset. Acquired resistance genes (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;5) were detected, including a first report of fusC in S. chromogenes; the fusC-positive isolate had an elevated fusidic acid MIC (8&#xa0;mg/L). Although S. chromogenes persisted in milk at 4&#xa0;&#xb0;C, pasteurization (64&#xa0;&#xb0;C for 30&#xa0;min) reduced viable counts to below detection. This study provided new insights into the prevalence, AMR, genomic diversity, and dairy-chain relevance of milk-derived NASM, particularly S. chromogenes. However, the genomic findings were based on an intentionally selected WGS subset and should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than population-representative.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Staphylococcus aureus variety hominis in a cattle herd].

A site-linked hominis variety of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from a cattle herd. The find coincided with accumulated occurrence of clinical mastitis in cows and the affliction of one milker with a nose furuncle. The origin of the strain was not elucidated. The same strain had been isolated throughout three years of observation from clinical and subclinical mastitis as well as from chronic udder affection of cows, but no extraordinary accumulation of clinically manifest mastitis had been observed. The hominis site variety was quite rare among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from other cow herds. Enterotoxin formation was recorded from strains of the hominis site variety and from strains which could not be coordinated with any other of the known site varieties and fell under crystal-violet Type A. No enterotoxin formation was recordable from the strains of the bovis variety. The same applied to the group of staphylococci of crystal-violet Type C which could not be coordinated either with any known site variety and which is assumed to have originated from the hominis site variety. The above findings do not support any conclusion as to whether the cows had been infected by the milker or vice versa.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

A Pilot Study: Developing a Lactating Dairy Goat Model to Study Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis in Women.

INTRODUCTION: Lactational mastitis is common in lactating women, with Staphylococcus aureus as the most commonly isolated agent associated with infectious lactational mastitis. Currently, there are no evidence-based guidelines for antimicrobial treatment due to barriers in obtaining pharmacokinetic data from lactating women. To overcome this barrier, a suitable large animal model is needed. Goats are an ideal translational model for human mastitis due to their anatomical and physiological similarity to humans. The objective of this pilot study was to assess if goats would develop clinical mastitis following intramammary inoculation with a clinical human isolate of S. aureus with the goal of establishing an alternative in&#xa0;vivo model for future research. The hypothesis was that the infected mammary gland half would show similar clinical signs to women with mastitis and demonstrate a similar local immune response when compared to the control mammary gland half. METHODS: One half of the mammary gland of two healthy lactating does was inoculated with a clinical human isolate of S. aureus. The other half of the mammary gland was sham inoculated with sterile buffered saline. Physical examinations, mammary gland assessments, and sterile milk samples were collected every 12 hours post inoculation. At 96 hours post inoculation, the goats were euthanized, and the mammary glands were examined for pathological changes. RESULTS: Goats did not develop systemic signs of disease following inoculation. Focal infected mammary gland changes included warmth, swelling, redness, discoloration, and reduced milk production; the other mammary gland half remained normal throughout the study period. S. aureus was enumerated from only the infected mammary gland half. The microscopic findings of the infected half showed neutrophilic inflammation and cell necrosis consistent with acute mastitis. DISCUSSION: This pilot study demonstrated lactating does can develop clinical signs like those observed in women. Goats have the potential to be a promising animal model to study infectious lactational mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A severe outbreak of bovine mastitis assoicated with Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma laidlawii.

An outbreak of clinical mastitis is described in which 75 cows of a herd of 200 Friesian cows were affected in one or more quarters over a period of three months. Sixty animals failed to return to normal despite various intramammary and systemic antibiotic treatments. Heifers, dry cows and lactating animals were affected. The milk of 15 out of 53 animals tested yielded mixed cultures of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma laidlawii. Thirteen of 34 sera showed evidence of antibodies to A laidlawii.

Acholeplasma laidlawii↗
PubMed1978

A health program for commercial dairy herds. 4. Changes in mastitis prevalence.

A study of mastitis prevalence in 10 herds which participated in a herd health program is reported for varying periods, up to a maximum of 10 years. The program was based on teat dipping with idophor or sodium hypochlorite teat dip, regular maintenance of the milking machine, and selective dry period treatment of quarters which were classified as infected on the basis of California Mastitis Test score and bacteriological examination of milk samples taken before drying off. The procedures reduced mastitis prevalence (measured in cows being dried off), incidence of clinical mastitis, and disposal of cows due to mastitis. Results obtained were similar to those found in short-term studies of control programs based on teat dipping and dry period therapy. The only significant difficulty which arose in maintaining the control program over 10 years was loss of enthusiasm by farmers for teat dipping. This was usually induced by teat irritation problems apparently caused by teat dipping. The use of a monitoring procedure for mastitis prevalence was important in persuading farmers to return to the use of teat dip.

Animals↗