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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Psychological correlates of codependency in women.

This study examined several potential psychological correlates of codependency to determine the parameters and feasibility of the codependency construct. Subjects were 171 adult female volunteers from a university. Results indicated significant relationships between codependency and: object relations and reality testing (p = .01), intensity of depression (p < .01), introjective depression (p < .001), and history of abuse (p < .001). The results are supportive of codependency as a useful construct which involves a cluster of difficulties in interpersonal relationships, reality testing, and introjective depression. An association was demonstrated between codependency and parental alcoholism, or history of childhood abuse, or both.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Caring: commitment to excellence or condemnation to conformity?

The art of caring to alleviate illness and to promote health is nursing's unique commitment to society and the health-care industry. How this practice is implemented dictates the success or failure of prescribed strategies. In addition, the way in which caring is implemented defines emotional maturity on both a personal and professional level. Several goals to rehabilitate the psychologically codependent person include: Developing an awareness of the origins of codependency and how early family experiences affect subsequent behavior and beliefs about oneself; Identifying the personal price and payoffs for continuing codependent behaviors; The ability to openly express personal needs, wishes, feelings, and opinions while respecting the rights of others; Learning to discriminate between loving/caring and the destructive control of codependency; and The ability to take responsibility for another rather than being responsible to another. Codependent behaviors are prevalent within professional nursing practice, as evidenced by examples provided from three specialty areas in nursing and the fact that women (who are traditionally assigned the cultural role of caring) constitute the majority of professional nurses. Therefore, it is a professional challenge to each nurse to ascertain whether practices are functional or dysfunctional: is the professional interpretation of caring a commitment to excellence or a condemnation to conformity in the unique delivery of health-care practice?

Dependency, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Survival of the fittest: implications of self-reliance and coping for leaders and team performance.

Using a laboratory methodology, the authors sought to establish an association between self-reliance (based on attachment theory) and team performance and satisfaction. Three hypotheses (direct effect, mediator, and moderator) were tested. With a sample of 187 students, the authors compared leader self-reliance characteristics with group member self-reliance characteristics (group n = 50) as predictors of group performance and satisfaction. Only group member counterdependence was predictive of decreased performance. Further, the authors examined the possible mediating and moderating effects of coping on the self-reliance-group effectiveness relationships. Coping did not mediate the relationship but did operate as a significant moderator in some instances.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The family and alcohol: effects of excessive drinking and conceptualizations of spouses over recent decades.

There is much debate in the addiction literature about the extent to which excessive drinking affects nondrinking family members. The issue is considered in this review by examining and evaluating research relating to the effects of drinking on children, family systems, and partners of drinkers. The latter group have, historically, been blamed and apologized for their partner's drinking, although more recent theories have adopted a stress and coping paradigm, thus normalizing individuals and their behaviors. Conceptualizations of spouses over the last five decades are described and evaluated in the second part of the review. Finally, the review considers the impact of the recent stress and coping paradigm on clinical interventions for excessive drinkers and their families, and suggestions are made for future research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

[Dynamics of interrelationship in a small group during long-term hypokinesia].

Effects of low activity of test-subjects during antiorthostatic hypokinesia on the intragroup structure as well as the semantic composition and the directionality of estimation criteria selected by test-subjects to describe the system of attitudes to oneself and others, and their impact on individual status in the social structure of the group have been studied. It was shown that maintaining of a definite level of individual activity of members is important for the group structure and successful adaptation of test-subjects to the unfavourable factors of hypokinesia. The degree of the ego image integrity and dominance of criteria that infer empathy and positive feelings within the system of individual appraisements determine the social status of a group member. The psychologic signs of a "apet" (psychologically close) and a "outsider" (psychologically strange) members of the group have been revealed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Assessing co-dependency issues within a nursing environment.

An exploratory study, using the Friel Co-dependence Assessment Inventory, and the four modes in Roy's adaptation model examined levels of co-dependency in nurses. Empirical data bases are provided for future studies. Using Roy's adaptation model, co-dependency studies can be done on the levels of stimuli (focal, contextual, and residual) confronting the nurses' adaptive systems in the work environment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

What is codependency?

This article examines the rapidly developing codependency movement and appeals to psychologists to investigate this area systematically. An effort is made to clarify factors that have contributed to confusion about the meaning of codependency, and an argument is made for the use of operationally defined diagnostic criteria. Literature is reviewed on both dependency and codependency, and important differences between these two concepts are discussed. Cermak's (1986) proposition that codependency be added to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders--revised (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) as an Axis II personality disorder also is considered. Research possibilities and clinical applications are explored in the areas of assessment and treatment and in considering the comorbidity of codependency with psychological and physical disorders.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

The stress of marriage to an alcoholic.

1. Historically, wives of alcoholics have been described as having disturbed, pathological personalities that were instrumental in causing and maintaining their husbands' drinking. More recently, researchers have tended to support the view that the behavior of these women reflects their stressful circumstances. 2. The women in the study reported interpersonal, extrapersonal, and intrapersonal stressors. The most frequently reported and highest ranked stressor was their relationships with their husbands. 3. Sobriety does not necessarily mean that stressors disappear. 4. More research is needed for nurses to have the knowledge necessary to help wives of alcoholics to cope with their stressors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality and marriage of schizophrenic patients].

AIM: The aim of this research is to compare some personality factors like self-perception and perception of an ideal partner in two groups of schizophrenic patients. The first group is people ill with schizophrenia who have been married for at least a year and the other group is unmarried people ill with schizophrenia who were not previously married or in a relationship for longer than a year. METHOD: In this study, using The Adjective Check List--ACL by H.G. Gough and A.B. Heilbrun (Polish translation by M. Matkowski), has been used as an instrument for evaluation self-perception and perception of an ideal partner. RESULTS: Results of the research corroborate differences between chosen personal dimensions in compared groups of people ill with schizophrenia. There were statistically substantial differences in some scales of ACL between the married and unmarried schizophrenic patients. The married patients were characterized by a larger number of positive adjectives chosen, higher results in the scales of: FAV--Favourite, NUR--Nursing, HET--Heterosexuality, CHA--Change, CPS--Creative personality, UGD--Amicability; and lower results in the scales of: CRS--Care support. Perception of an ideal partner differentiated the groups in a lower degree. Two scales proved to be statistically substantial: NUR--Nursing, CHA--Change. The married patients were substantially weaker in displaying such needs towards their ideal partners. CONCLUSIONS: What differs the group of married people ill with schizophrenia from unmarried people ill with schizophrenia is mainly personality features connected with the need to initiate and keep up interpersonal contacts. The married patients want such relationships, are more prone to compromise and do something for others and are less afraid of changes. They also have lower expectations of their ideal partners as to the care of others. They do not expect their ideal partners to be ready to change as much as unmarried patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Coping with a partner who drinks too much: does anything work?

This paper reports on a multiple regression study in which the efficacy of positive and negative coping responses adopted by the partners of "heavy drinkers" were compared under conditions of drinker intoxication and sobriety. Results indicated that only one combination of response type and drinker state was associated with higher levels of partner well-being: positive responses when the drinker is sober. Moreover, even this coping pattern accounted for relatively little variance in partner well-being scores. It is concluded that programs which aim to improve the quality of partner's lives should not generalize about desirable coping behaviours but should take account of situational and individual difference variables.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

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Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

[Research on the basic attributes and psychosocial factors of alcoholics and their families in relation with prognosis after a year of treatment].

Outcomes of a survey by questionnaire on 265 male alcoholics and their 230 families relating basic attributes, psychosocial factors and its correlation with prognosis after a year of inpatient treatment were examined. As for the basic attributes, factors such as family bond, referral for treatment by specialists and the treatment history were correlated with good prognosis . In regard to psychosocial factors, "cohesion" and high level of family function, "denial", family's "obsessive-compulsive traits" were related to positive prognosis. However contrary to preceding studies, "adaptability", "self-acceptance" and "domination trend" were also correlated to good prognosis. In the beginning of treatment, rigid family function were indicated by "adaptability", "domination trend" and "hitting the bottom" occasioned by "self-acceptance", evidenced to be positively correlated to prognosis after a year.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Changes in personality pattern during the first pregnancy and lactation.

In order to study personality changes in first pregnancy and lactation, two groups of women (n = 161, mean age 26.8 years) completed the self-report inventory Karolinska Scales of Personality and a scale for emotional dependency during pregnancy and 3 or 6 months after delivery. The results were within normal limits when compared with the normative values. Analysis of variance showed that the subscales Muscular Tension, Somatic Anxiety, and Monotony Avoidance diminished significantly from pregnancy and to the test periods after delivery (all p values < 0.01). Impulsiveness showed the same trend (p = 0.1). The women who had breastfed for at least 8 weeks (91%) differed significantly from those who had not. They had lower scores on the Somatic Anxiety (p = 0.006), Muscular Tension (p = 0.003), Monotony Avoidance (p = 0.039), Suspicion (p = 0.03), Social Desirability (p = 0.045) and the Impulsiveness scale (p = 0.078) and higher scores on the Socialization scale (p = 0.001). Thus, we conclude that most personality traits are stable during first pregnancy and lactation, but some significant changes occur toward a lifestyle interpreted as more relaxed and tolerant to monotony.

Adaptation, Psychological↗