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Results for “Cognitive functioning”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1990

Discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in children who have outgrown epilepsy: effects on cognitive function.

Cognitive function is frequently impaired in children with epilepsy, compared with age-matched controls. It can be hard to evaluate the significance of various contributory factors. The effects of antiepileptic drugs may be studied in children who have outgrown their epilepsy but are still being treated. A multicenter study to assess various aspects of cognitive function in children with different forms of epilepsy, both during and after treatment with antiepileptic drugs, is currently under way. Definitive results are not yet available; interim analysis of the findings suggests that short-term memory is decreased in all subgroups of children being treated for epilepsy, compared to controls.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2024

Polygenic burden and its association with baseline cognitive function and postoperative cognitive outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: Demographic and disease factors are associated with cognitive deficits and postoperative cognitive declines in adults with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but the role of genetic factors in cognition in TLE is not well understood. Polygenic scores (PGS) for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders and IQ have been associated with cognition in patient and healthy populations. In this exploratory study, we examined the relationship between PGS for Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, and IQ and cognitive outcomes in adults with TLE. METHODS: 202 adults with pharmacoresistant TLE had genotyping and completed neuropsychological evaluations as part of a presurgical work-up. A subset (n = 116) underwent temporal lobe resection and returned for postoperative cognitive testing. Logistic regression was used to determine if PGS for AD, depression, and IQ predicted baseline domain-specific cognitive function and cognitive phenotypes as well as postoperative language and memory decline. RESULTS: No significant findings survived correction for multiple comparisons. Prior to correction, higher PGS for AD and depression (i.e., increased genetic risk for the disorder), but lower PGS for IQ (i.e., decreased genetic likelihood of high IQ) appeared possibly associated with baseline cognitive impairment in TLE. In comparison, higher PGS for AD and IQ appeared as possible risk factors for cognitive decline following temporal lobectomy, while the possible relationship between PGS for depression and post-operative cognitive outcome was mixed. SIGNIFICANCE: We did not observe any relationships of large effect between PGS and cognitive function or postsurgical outcome; however, results highlight several promising trends in the data that warrant future investigation in larger samples better powered to detect small genetic effects.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Preservation of normal cognitive functioning in elderly subjects with extensive white-matter lesions of long duration.

Although deep white-matter brain lesions are seen on magnetic resonance imaging in about one third of elderly subjects, their clinical significance is not known. In 1984, we studied three retired teachers who had extensive deep white-matter brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, yet functioned cognitively at an above-average level. Blinded review of 1981 computed tomographic scans revealed patchy white-matter lucencies for two of the subjects. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging in 1987 showed that the deep white-matter brain lesions were at least as extensive as in the initial study. One subject had developed renal failure, while the other two continued to function at a high level with no evidence of cognitive decline or psychiatric or neurologic impairment. The presence of extensive deep white-matter brain lesions for up to 7 years in two subjects whose cognitive, behavioral, and neurologic functioning is unimpaired suggests that deep white-matter brain lesions do not necessarily indicate a clinically significant central nervous system disease process.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Exergame Balance Training with Variable Cognitive Motor Challenges on Serum BDNF, p-tau181, and Cognitive Functions in Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive-motor exergame balance training may increase attentional demands and neuronal processing, potentially affecting serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Aβ1-42, and p-tau181, as well as train cognitive abilities in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to compare the effects of exergame balance training of mild, moderate, high-difficulty, and Wii Fit™ groups on blood serum levels of BDNF, Aβ1-42, p-tau181, and cognition function in adults with MCI. METHODS: In this four-arm, parallel group randomized clinical trial, 97 adults with MCI were randomly assigned to exergame balance training groups of mild, moderate, high-difficulty, and Wii Fit exergame as a control group. All participants received 40 min/session, 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Assessment of serum levels of p-tau181, Aβ1-42, BDNF, and cognitive functions was conducted at baseline, after weeks 4 and 8. A mixed-model analysis of covariance was used, with post-baseline measurements (weeks 4 and 8) specified as the within-subject factor and the corresponding baseline value entered as a covariate to adjust for initial between-group variability. RESULTS: A significant group × time interaction was found for BDNF, F(3,92) = 6.413, P = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.181; p-tau181, F(3,92) = 4.640, P = 0.040, ηp2 = 0.138; attention, F(3,92) = 4.171, P = 0.045, ηp2 = 0.057; abstraction, F(3,92) = 4.263, P = 0.043, ηp2 = 0.058; and visuospatial skills, F(3,92) = 6.931, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.234. CONCLUSION: Cognitive-motor challenge-based exergame balance training was associated with an increase in serum BDNF, a reduction in p-tau181. In contrast, the Aβ1-42 levels remained stable. These changes were accompanied by improvement in selective cognitive functions (attention, abstraction, and visuospatial skills) in individuals with MCI. Greater effects were observed in moderate and high-difficulty groups, suggesting the importance of intervention intensity in promoting cognitive and neurobiological outcomes in MCI.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

Elderly patients' understanding of their drug therapy: the effect of cognitive function.

The relationship between cognitive function and knowledge about drug therapy and its risks was examined in 207 elderly patients attending a geriatric outpatient clinic. The patients' reports of their therapy were compared with those of their clinic doctor. Patient-doctor agreement on the number of drugs taken per patient fell with increasing age independently of change in cognitive function. However, knowledge about drugs was related to cognitive function. Many patients taking some of the potentially more dangerous drugs were ignorant of possible side-effects of their treatment. Doctors need to be trained more effectively in communicating with elderly patients about their treatment and its risks.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of removal of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate on cognitive function.

Changes in cognitive function were noted in a double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study of discontinuation of phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), and valproate (VPA) in 58 patients with active epilepsy, receiving multiple antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A control group of 25 patients continued with existing therapy. A simple test battery, which would be directly applicable to a clinical setting, with measures of mental speed, attention, performance of a learned skill, short-term memory, concentration, and simple coordinated hand movements was used. Cognitive assessments were made before and at the end of discontinuation of a drug and 4 weeks later. Simple motor skills became faster on discontinuation of PHT, CBZ, and VPA (p less than 0.0005), with a further improvement in the subsequent 4 weeks (p = 0.03) and no significant difference between the AEDs. Performance on a measure of attention and concentration improved on discontinuation of PHT (p = 0.005) and did not alter with removal of CBZ or VPA; the improvement in the PHT discontinuation group was significantly different from that in the control group (p = 0.001). These results suggest that all three AEDs studied may adversely affect motor function and that PHT may be more deleterious to function in higher cognitive tasks than in CBZ or VPA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Effects of haloperidol on motor and cognitive functioning in aged mice.

The effects of haloperidol on motor and functioning and cognitive functioning were studied in young (3-5 months old) and aged (20-22 months old) male mice by examining haloperidol-induced catalepsy and haloperidol-induced decrements in performance on a radial arm maze. The aged mice were much more sensitive to these adverse effects of haloperidol than were the young mice. Studies of the distribution of radioactivity from [3H]haloperidol to the brain indicated that the differences in sensitivity to this drug were not due to pharmacokinetic differences. The results demonstrate that mice are suitable for studies of aging-induced changes in the behavioral effects of neuroleptic agents.

Aging↗

PubMed2026

Genetic Association of the Transcriptome and Immunoglobulin G N-glycome with Cognitive Function.

OBJECTIVE: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation is associated with mild cognitive impairment through the regulation of inflammatory balance; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: Our study utilized a post-genome-wide association studies (GWAS) method that integrated GWAS data for cognitive function with gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), protein QTL (pQTL), and IgG N-glycan-QTL data. RESULTS: Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses suggested bidirectional causalities between glycan peaks (GPs) and cognitive function, with GP7, GP12, and GP19 showing a causal effect on cognitive function, while cognitive function conversely showed a causal effect on GP1 and GP8. Two proteins and 10 genes were implicated in the regulation of IgG N-glycosylation. Furthermore, multivariable MR results suggested complex causalities between genes/proteins and IgG N-glycans, which jointly promote or independently affect cognitive function. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which genes, proteins, and modified IgG N-glycans converge to pathologically affect cognitive function.

Immunoglobulin G↗

PubMed2026

Acute COVID-19 severity and impaired cognitive function up to 32 months after diagnosis: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction ("brain fog") is a commonly reported post-COVID-19 symptom. Leveraging data from five general population cohorts across four European countries (Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden), we assessed long-term prevalence of impaired subjective cognitive function among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 by acute illness severity. METHODS: The included cohorts consisted of adult participants recruited from March 2020 and followed with self-report measures of cognitive function and past COVID-19 infection (except one cohort consisting of clinically confirmed COVID-19 cases) through February 2023. In a cross-sectional analysis we contrasted the prevalence of impaired cognitive function among individuals with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis, overall and by illness severity up to 32 months post-diagnosis. We adjusted for age, gender, education, relationship status, binge drinking, body mass index, previous psychiatric diagnosis, number of chronic medical conditions, and response period. In a longitudinal analysis, we assessed potential changes in cognitive function scores before and after COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 153,841 participants (71% women), with 31,359 (20.4%) reporting a positive COVID-19 test. Overall, a COVID-19 diagnosis was not statistically significantly associated with increased prevalence ratio (PR) of impaired cognitive function (PR 1.30 [95% CI: 0.98-1.71]). Individuals bedridden due to COVID-19 for 1-6 days (PR 1.38 [95% CI 0.96-1.99]) or ≥ 7 days (2.59 [1.55-4.33]) had higher prevalence of impaired cognitive function compared to those never diagnosed, while individuals never bedridden had a lower prevalence to those never diagnosed with COVID-19 (0.89 [0.80-1.00]). These findings were corroborated in the longitudinal analysis where a pre- to post diagnosis decline in cognitive function was observed among individuals bedridden due to COVID-19 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicates that a severe COVID-19 acute illness course is associated with impaired cognitive function up to 18-32 months after COVID-19 diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Cognitive function testing in comprehensive geriatric assessment. A comparison of cognitive test performance in residential and clinic settings.

Tests of cognitive function are frequently used in geriatric assessment, but the effect of test setting has rarely been explored. To determine the effect of testing site on the performance of elderly patients undergoing a comprehensive geriatric assessment, we administered the Mini-Mental State Exam to 116 geriatric patients in the clinic and at their residence. Their cognitive abilities varied from normal to severely impaired. The patients' scores were 1.5 +/- 3.6 (mean +/- SD) higher at their residence. The clinical importance of a difference in score of 1.5 is not clear. For this reason a second analysis was performed in which a difference in scores of five points or greater between settings was considered clinically meaningful. Twenty-five percent (29 of 116) differed by five points or more. Of these 29 patients, 22 (76%) tested better in the residential setting. These differences were statistically significant (P = .001). We conclude that the testing site may affect test performance and that in-home assessment may reveal the optimal cognitive function of geriatric patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Cognitive functioning and treatment outcome in alcoholics.

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether cognitive functioning at intake into treatment was associated with completion of a 30-day day hospital alcoholism rehabilitation program and 1- and 6-month posttreatment functioning. None of our measures of sociodemographic characteristics, cognitive functioning, and life functioning was found to be significantly correlated with program completion. The measures of cognitive functioning included four cognitive factors--language ability, auditory verbal learning, logical memory, and complex cognitive functioning--as well as an objective measure of within-treatment learning. Canonical correlation analyses were performed to estimate associations among 14 independent variables and seven measures of both 1- and 6-month follow-up outcomes. The independent variables included the five cognitive measures described above, race and age, and seven baseline Addiction Severity Index (ASI) interviewer ratings of severity of alcohol, drug, family/social, legal, medical, employment, and psychological/psychiatric problem levels. The dependent variables at each follow-up evaluation point consisted of the difference between the baseline and follow-up ASI composite (factor) scores in the seven areas of functioning described above. The findings revealed the relative independence of improvement in alcohol problem level at both followup periods, as contrasted with the relative interdependence of the other areas of functioning. Greater baseline alcohol problems and poorer complex cognitive functioning were most consistently associated with improved alcohol-related outcome. Other cognitive measures ere not significantly associated with treatment outcome in the other areas of functioning described above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The association between change in cognitive function and longevity in Dutch elderly.

The association between rate of change in cognitive function and longevity was investigated with data from the Dutch Longitudinal Study Among the Elderly. A group of 211 Dutch persons aged 65-84 years at baseline (1955-1957) was reexamined twice during an 8-year follow-up period, after which mortality was ascertained through 1983. Cognitive function was assessed based on an adaptation of the Wechsler Memory Scale. Rate of change in cognitive function during the 8 years of follow-up was determined by regression on time for each individual. Cognitive function declined significantly over the 8-year period (mean yearly change, -0.28 units; 95% confidence interval -0.34 to -0.22). The rate of decline in cognitive function was strongly associated with subsequent survival time in the ages 70 years and over, with those with a large decline having a short survival time. No association could be demonstrated in the age group 65-69 years. Adjustment for potential confounders did not affect the magnitude of the association. These findings suggest that the rate of decline of cognitive function is an independent predictor of longevity in older persons.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Cognitive function and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in comparison with other antihypertensive drugs.

This review mainly considers randomized studies where angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were compared with other antihypertensive drugs in terms of objectively assessed cognitive function, subjectively evaluated cognitive function, work performance, and general vitality. An overall assessment of the data suggests that ACE inhibitors may improve performance on tests of alertness but it is unlikely that they produce either deleterious or beneficial effects on memory. On the other hand, methyldopa interferes with cognitive function and work performance. Propranolol was also associated with impairment of activity and satisfaction at work. In subjective evaluation of cognitive function, two trials suggest an increased reporting of impairment with nifedipine but this has not yet been confirmed. Vitality was reduced on both methyldopa and propranolol. It is concluded that the ACE inhibitors, in common with atenolol and verapamil, do not appear to have any major effects on cognitive function in hypertensive patients.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed1992

Anomalous lateral sulcus asymmetry and cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia.

This study examines the cognitive functioning of first-episode schizophreniform patients within several weeks of hospitalization and at 2 years into the illness. Differences between patients and controls are also reported for measurements of the length of the lateral sulcus, which borders the planum temporal, an area of the brain integral to language function. Neuropsychological test results are also correlated to magnetic resonance imaging structural variables at the time of first hospitalization. Findings on neuropsychological summary scales reveal a diffuse pattern of cognitive impairment in schizophreniform patients compared to controls, which appears to improve over time. An atypical pattern of anatomic lateral symmetry is found in female schizophreniform patients, with female appearing to have a reduction in the normally occurring left greater than right length of the lateral sulcus. Such atypical asymmetry of the lateral sulcus is also associated with better cognitive function, particularly in schizophreniform patients. These findings suggest that atypical lateralization in an area critical to language function may be related to cognitive function in schizophreniform illness.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Influence of education on aspects of cognitive functions in non-demented elderly Nigerians.

Cognitive function was assessed in 930 elderly Nigerians living in an urban community by trained medical students who were blinded to the educational status of the subjects. They used a pretested and validated questionnaire. The subjects were later evaluated for the presence of dementia according to DSM-IIIR criteria by neurologists who then determined the educational status of the subjects. There were 361 males and 569 females with a mean age of 58.5 years (SD = 14.8). One hundred and sixty-one subjects (17%) with at least 6 years of education performed better on all aspects of cognition assessed (p less than 0.001). The differences in performance were statistically significant on assessment of general knowledge, intelligence, abstract thinking, depth of information and immediate recall (p less than 0.001) but not for calculation, orientation, attention and language comprehension. Our findings confirm the confounding effect of education on cognitive assessment and suggest the possibility of developing a short culture-free and educationally unbiased instrument for assessing cognitive functions in Nigerians.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Extended Long-Term Effects of Cognitive and Aerobic Training on Cognitive Function in Patients With Stress-Related Exhaustion Disorder: A 4.5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Stress-related conditions like clinical burnout and exhaustion disorder (ED) are associated with enduring cognitive problems. We have previously demonstrated that the addition of computerised cognitive training (CCT) and aerobic training (AT) to a multimodal rehabilitation programme (MMR) yielded greater improvements in cognitive function compared to MMR alone in patients with ED. These effects were maintained at the 1-year follow-up for CCT, but not for AT. Building on these findings, the present study examined the extended long-term effects of CCT and AT on cognitive function, psychological health, and work ability, 4.5 years after the interventions. Participants were recruited from a stress-rehabilitation clinic and 56 of the initial 132 participants returned for the 4.5-year follow-up. Assessments were conducted before (T1), immediately after (T2), 1-year after (T3) and 4.5-years after (T4) the interventions. Mixed model analyses assessed changes in the intervention groups relative to the control group from T1 to T4, with follow-up comparisons examining within-group stability of outcomes between T3 to T4. The primary outcome was cognitive performance on a global cognitive score. Secondary outcomes included domain-specific cognitive functioning, self-reported cognitive function, psychological health (burnout, depression, anxiety, and fatigue), and work ability. The analysis revealed sustained long-term effects on the global cognitive score, a trained updating task and episodic memory in the CCT group, with stable performance between one- and 4.5-year follow-up. The addition of AT did not yield any extended long-term effects on cognitive performance. Both groups showed extended long-term improvements in self-reported memory problems, although findings were mixed. Extended long-term improvements were observed on burnout for both groups, with additional effects on anxiety and work ability in the AT group. Notably, these effects were not present at the 1-year follow-up and are more plausibly explained by selective attrition rather than a delayed intervention effect. In conclusion, the result indicates that cognitive interventions such as CCT can have lasting positive effects on cognitive function in patients with ED, whereas the long-term psychological effects should be interpreted with caution. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT0073772.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

The genetic overlap between schizophrenia and major depression with cognitive function.

This study aimed to systematically dissect the shared genetic basis of schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depression (MD) with cognitive function. To investigate this, we integrated large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for SCZ (N = 175,799, [cases, 74,776; controls, 101,023]), MD (N = 2,622,273 [cases, 550,355; controls, 2,071,918]) and four cognitive traits (reaction time, N = 330,069; memory, N = 112,067; verbal-numerical reasoning, N = 36,035; educational attainment, N = 111,114). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression analysis revealed that SCZ showed significant negative genetic correlations with reaction time, memory, and verbal-numerical reasoning. MD showed negative genetic correlations with memory, verbal-numerical reasoning, and educational attainment. Bayesian colocalization analysis identified seven genomic regions with strong or supportive evidence between SCZ and cognitive function, and two genomic regions with supportive evidence between MD and cognitive function. Gene mapping and over representation analysis (ORA) indicated that SCZ-associated genes were primarily involved in pathways related to transport processes, and MD-associated genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to neural development. Through genetic correlation and colocalization analysis, this study elucidates the genetic overlap between SCZ and MD with cognitive function, providing a new perspective for related research.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1990

[Effects of kidney transplantation on cognitive functioning of children].

The purpose of the study was the assessment of cognitive functioning in 20 children (age 4-14 years) with end stage renal disease (ESRD) before and after kidney transplantations by means of an intelligence-test (WISC-R or WPPSI). Research questions were: I. do the test scores of children with ESRD deviate significantly from those of the norm-group before transplantation; 2. do the test scores of children with ESRD increase significantly from pre- to post-transplantation; 3. do the test scores of children with ESRD after transplantation deviate significantly from those of the norm-group. The results show that children with ESRD before transplantation perform significantly more poorly on the verbal part of the WISC-R. After transplantation they show a significant increase on cognitive functioning, mainly in the verbal part of the test. However, kidney transplantation does not cause a complete recovery of cognitive functioning; after transplantation children with ESRD still showed lower scores on several tasks (e.g. tasks concerning concentration).

Adolescent↗