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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Coitus interruptus. Considerations as a method of birth control.

Coitus interruptus generally is considered an ineffective form of contraception. No current data exist, however, on the use effectiveness of this method in the United States. This article supports the argument that information on how to use coitus interruptus should be a part of contraceptive counseling, especially for individuals prone to using this method (i.e., individuals inexperienced with contraceptive use and those who have exhausted all other contraceptive choices).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Scrotal and perineal pain following coitus interruptus].

A case of perineal-scrotal and hypogastric pain following coitus interruptus in a young male patient is described. The physiopathological mechanisms involved in this condition in normal subjects or those with neuropathic disorders are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Problems of male contraception. 2. Male hormonal contraception, post-testicular points of attack, immunization and enzyme inhibition].

In principle control of male fertility is possible by mechanical, surgical and pharmacological methods. However, up to now only the following mechanical and surgical procedures are practicable: coitus interruptus, coitus condomatus and vasectomy. Since the safety of the latter is comparable to the pill, vasectomy is a major alternative to the contraceptive methods used by the female partner. Practical aspects of vasectomy and possible complications are reviewed. Finally, pharmacological approaches and problems involved in the control of male fertility are discussed with special reference to antispermatogenic substances, steroid hormones, immunization and enzyme inhibitors. The concept of antienzymatic contraception is based on the inhibition of penetration of enzymes (acrosin) localized within the acrosomal cap. Unfortunately, penetration of most of the acrosin inhibitors into the acrosome to inactivate acrosin is prevented by the high selectivity of the acrosomal membranes. Thus, pharmacological control of male fertility is still far from being practicable.

Acrosin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Contraception before pregnancy. Evolution between 1972 and 1975 in the Rhone-Alpes region (author's transl)].

The studies was made from two enquiries carried out on women who delivered in June 1972 and 1975 in the Rhone-Alpes region. Contraception therefore dealt exclusively with birth control before a pregnancy. It is clear that contraception has developed significantly: it is practised by 48% of women who were questioned in 1975 as compared with 41% in 1972. There is also a change in the last method used between the two dates: the pill featured in only 17% of all the method used in 1972 and 45% in 1975: on the other hand coitus interruptus went down from 41% to 21%. The spread of the use of the pill is a generalised phenomenon whereas there are several categories of women who do not seem to have used, coitus interruptus less frequently. As far as the social classes are concerned, it is to be pointed out that only non-skilled working-class people have not changed their habits as far as these two methods are concerned. Contraception is practised with more and more success as a method of birth control: on the one hand the number of conceptions which occurred when the women was using a birth control method has gone down from 27% in 1972 to 15% in 1975: on the other hand 51% of those who used a birth control method stopped using it in order to have a baby, whereas in 1972 only 32% did so. Parallel with this evolution, one can point out that the number of women who have 2 or more children has gone down. On the other hand the number of conceptions before marriage and the rhythm of the way the families are constituted has not changed between the two dates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sex and respectability in an age of fertility decline: a Sicilian case study.

The paper examines two aspects of coitus interruptus as a sexual practice: (1) how, in the age of fertility decline in Western Europe, its meaning was reinterpreted from an earlier theological view that condemned it as licentious to a nineteenth century view that emphasized restraint, and (2) how it was actually experienced by a socially stratified birth-controlling population in rural Sicily, ca 1900-1970. The sequential experiences of gentry, artisans, and peasants in the Sicilian case study of transition from high to low fertility are consistent with late twentieth-century interpretations of coitus interruptus by Foucault and others as sexually restraining yet empowering. In each group, adoption of the practice enhanced access to respectability in a context of cultural and economic change. Moreover, those who adopted the practice increasingly stigmatized married couples with high birth parities as overly dominated by their sexual instincts and unworthy of respect.

Coitus Interruptus↗
PubMed1989

[Sociologic problems of contraception in the opinion of women from urban and rural areas].

The paper, having a diagnostic character, discusses the problems of birth control, family planning and contraception methods. The methods of the investigation were a questionnaire, interview and analysis of documentation. The investigation was carried out in two areas: urban--Katowice and rural--Istebna. The investigation was carried out among a group of 100 women between 20 and 55 years of age. All the women questioned have been married for 1-30 years. Most of them have two children--30%. Most women from both the urban and rural areas use natural methods of contraception, in. the town--Billings method and in the country--conjugal diary. Thermal method is less popular as it is time-consuming. The main reasons for choosing a natural method of contraception control are moral, religious and biological aspects, which give the women a psychic comfort and a strong feeling of attachment to the husband. Women from the urban area say that they started to use contraceptive methods after getting married whereas women from the rural area--after giving birth to a child. Contraceptive devices are used by about 30% of women. The most popular are: among women from the town--coitus interruptus, artificial abortion and less popular contraceptive devices such as oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices and chemical substances. Among women from the rural area the most common is coitus interruptus and then 2-1 cases of each of the remaining methods. Women applying contraceptive devices are aware of their harmful effects, their unreliability, immorality and violating nature. Women in the country face a lot of difficulties in buying contraceptive devices and they also (22%) use artificial abortion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Persistence of spermatozoa in the lower genital tracts of women.

Cervicovaginal scrapings from 675 women who had volunteered information about the time of their last coitus and their contraceptive and douching practices were stained with Papanicoalaou stain and screened for spermatozoa. Generally, as the interval between coitus and preparation of the smears (postcoital interval) increased, the percentage of smears with spermatozoa and the mean number of spermatozoa per smear decreased, but the percentage of spermatozoa with tails did not change significantly. Spermatozoa were found irregularly after the seventh and rarely after the tenth postcoital day. Vaginal douching, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, coitus interruptus, condoms, and vasectomy were associated with reduced prevalence of spermatozoa in smears.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1977

[Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD'S) (author's transl)].

The IUD is an excellent and very effective contraceptive method. As contraception and coitus are separated, this technique is acceptable to many couples. It provides prolonged protection and cannot be "forgotten" like the Pill, the diaphragm, or the condom. Its pregnancy rate is 2 per 100 women per year. The greatest clinical experience exists with the Lippes loop. The loop should be the method of choice for parous women, the Copper-T for the nullipara and nulligravida. Regularly menstruating women should be advised to use additional contraceptive protection (condom, diaphragm, coitus interruptus, foam) during the week of highest fertility. This will make the IUD as effective as the Pill. Physicians prescribing this method should be available 24 hours per day for their patients, as emergency situations such as P.I.D., ectopic pregnancy, septic abortion--rare as they are--would need prompt attention.

Coitus↗
PubMed1978

Sperm procurement and analysis in Jewish law.

Whether, and how, a husband whose marriage has proved barren may procure a sample of his semen for a fertility test is a question that has often been discussed in rabbinic writings. It is permissible according to most rabbis to obtain sperm from the husband both for analysis and for insemination, but a difference of opinion exists as to the method to be used in the procurement of it. Masturbation should be avoided if at all possible and coitus interruptus or the use of a condom seem to be the preferred methods. Since many important legal and moral considerations, which cannot be enunciated in the presentation of general principles, may weigh heavily upon the verdict in any given situation, it seems advisable to submit each individual case to rabbinic judgment, which, in turn, will be based upon expert medical advice and other prevailing circumstances.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Use of oral contraceptives in East Germany by middle-aged females].

This study was based on the data from 1214 women included in the controlled group within a hospital-based case-control study on the association between breast cancer and the use of oral contraceptives. This is a sample of middle-aged women. Women with a reason for referral, presumably associated with infertility, were excluded. Oral contraceptives are (apart from coitus interruptus) in 76% of the cases the method of contraception most frequently used, followed by the rhythm method and condoms. The use depends strongly on the age. Only 40% of the women, now 55-60 years of age, ever used oral contraceptives, whereas 91% of those now under 40 have been using them. Other connections can be seen with level of education, marital status, and reproduction and sex life. With the use of special preparations, there are differences between women of younger and older generations, partially based on the different times these preparations were introduced to the market. The exclusive use of sequential oral contraceptives decreases in the older cases.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Adolescence and contraception: 1. A study knowledge and use among women hospitalized for childbirth or abortion].

A study of the knowledge and utilization of contraceptive methods by adolescent is presented. An analysis was carried out based on data collected from interviews with and recorded case histories of 78 puerperal adolescents (childbirth or abortion), assisted by an obstetric service in the county of Cotia, SP, Brazil, between May 1 and July 31, 1986. Of all the adolescents studied, 61.5% had some knowledge of contraceptive methods; the findings showed that such knowledge was influenced by factors such as: age, school background, parity and marital status. The main sources of information on contraception were: friends, relatives and partners, in this order; those least sought for in this regard were health professionals. Only one in each ten adolescents made use of some contraceptive measure, the most prevalent methods being the contraceptive pill, the Ogino-Knauss method, condoms and coitus interruptus. In all of the cases of the utilization of these methods the same had been "recommended" by persons belonging to the adolescents' social group, and had been acquired in shops, without any health control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Family planning: a need in primary care].

The reformation of Primary Care (PC) permits a more satisfactory and coordinated approach to family planning (FP). We evaluated the profile of the potential users of FP by means of a survey of 182 females made in a Primary Care center (CAP). The most commonly used contraceptive methods were oral contraceptives (20.3%), coitus interruptus (Cl) (18%), condom (17%) and female sterilization (12.6%). 66.6% of failures were attributed to Cl. 32.25% of the intrauterine device users and 24.4% of those taking oral contraceptives reported problems. 24.7% of females were controlled in the CAP II, 19.7% by their private gynecologist, 16.5% in the municipal CP and 6% in the CAP. 30.2% of the users did not follow and type of control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The role of human genetics in society: implications for legal involvement.

The tools and techniques of human genetics are very much part of medicine in the 1990s and beyond. Man's motivation for self improvement has been an integral part of his make-up since time immemorial. The human desire for preserving the fittest and weeding out the worst remains the same since stone-age man practised castration, coitus interruptus, mechanical contraception, urethral surgery, abortion, infanticide, infant cannibalism, delayed lactation and geronticide. During the intervening centuries there have been scores of attempts to develop dream states; at forced mass migration, or to protect social order by casting out the unwanted under various guises. For the first time we are catching a glimpse of the possibility of significantly altering our genetic constitution, supplying us with the tools to realize very deep seated instincts, but without adequate knowledge of all the dangers. It is foreseen that the law has an important contribution in maintaining the balance between seemingly conflicting interests of the individual, the community, the state and genetic research scientists. There is a need for pro-active involvement in the author's opinion.

Eugenics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of pregnant women, labor, and the newborn at the Skopje Clinic from 1978 to 1979].

An analysis was made of the first computer data received from the IFRP (International Fertility Research Program) within the framework of the International Study "Maternity Record" -- "Maternity Monitoring Care'. The main findings are the following: The women who were confined at the Skopje University Hospital during 1978--1979 were young, in their twenties. Women over thirty were confined very rarely. Most of the women surveyed had about 12 years of education. Pregnant women had artificial abortions very rarely (1:5.7 in favor of terminating pregnancy). Preventive work on contraception should include women at the time of delivery. Pregnant women in Skopje come to the Consulting Centers for a check-up mostly five times. The higher the parity, the less frequent the visits. More than half of pregnant women during the antenatal period had no complaints. Younger pregnant women had fewer difficulties and complications. The values of haemoglobin under 10 g% were very often in primiparas and over 12 g% in multiparas. The birthweight of women smoker's babies proved lower than that of women non-smokers' babies. In two thirds of women the delivery was induced by drugs and amniotomy. The delivery mostly lasted between 7--12 h, regardless of parity. Prolonged deliveries were the more frequent the younger the women. Primiparas gave birth to babies with a lower birthweight than multiparas. Almost all women (92.4%) were previously using no contraceptive devices. The main method of protection was coitus interruptus.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Attitudes of men toward contraception.

This report describes a pilot study conducted to determine the attitudes of men toward contraception. A questionnaire elicited responses from 436 males regarding: Personal data; contraceptive responsibility; contraceptive knowledge; use of contraception and preference for future methods. Results include attitudes toward contraceptive responsibility, assistance to pregnant partners and knowledge regarding eight common contraceptives. Usage of contraceptives in general and condoms and withdrawal specifically is reported. Preference for eight common contraceptive methods is also presented, along with data on delay of intercourse due to lack of contraceptives, partners' requests for male use of condoms/withdrawal and attitudes toward dissemination of contraceptive material to the public. Also reported are attitudes toward development of new contraceptives, use of male sterility shots or pills and the prices that men would pay for newly developed male contraceptives. The most preferred male contraceptive for future development is reported. It was concluded that the survey form and methodology were valid; that men desired to participate in family regulation; that the majority of men placed a low economic value on male contraceptives and finally that the overwhelming majority of men wanted contraceptive information to be widely disseminated in the public.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

Male contraception.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Coitus Interruptus↗
PubMed1975

The semen of fertile men: statistical analysis of 1300 men.

The prevasectomy semen analyses of 1300 men who had fathered at least two children were studied. The ages of the men ranged from 23 to 64 years, with a mean age of 39.6 years; 84% of the men were Caucasian, 5% were black, and 5% were of other ethnic groups; 32% of the men were Roman Catholic, 26% Jewish, 22% Protestant, and 11% professed no religion; in 9% religion was not recorded. The number of children ranged from 2 (48%) and 3 (30.6%) to 10 (0.1%). The volume of the ejaculate ranged from 0.1 to 11.0 ml, with a mean of 3.2 ml plus or minus 1.4 SD. Sperm density ranged from 1.5 to 375 million/ml, with an arithmetic mean of 79 million/ml plus or minus 57 SD; however, the logarithmic or geometric mean was chosen as being more representative of the asymmetric distribution under study. The geometric mean was 65 million/ml, with standard deviation limits of 30 to 142 million/ml, figures that correspond to the 16th and 84th percentiles. The percentage of motile sperm ranged from 5 to 95%, with a mean of 65% plus or minus 22 SD. The grade of sperm motility, according to MacLeod and Gold's classification (Fertil Steril 2:187, 1951) of 0 to 4, ranged from 1 to 4, with a mean grade of 3. There were 25 men (2%) with a sperm count below 10 million/ml and 26 (2%) in whom the percentage of motile sperm was less than 20%. Polyzoospermy (count greater than 250 million/ml) was found in 15 men (1.2%); one or more spontaneous abortions had occurred in six of the spouses of these men (40%), whereas the over-all spontaneous abortion rate was 7% and the spontaneous abortion rate for wives of men with sperm counts below 10 million/ml was 4%. A positive relationship was found between sperm density and percentage of motile sperm; the relationship between motility and the logarithm of sperm density was represented by a straight line (a 10-fold increase in sperm count was accompanied by an increase of 20.4% in sperm motility); the slope of the line was highly significant, although the correlation coefficient was weak (0.27). A similarly positive relationship was found between sperm density and grade of motility; however, the correlation coefficient was also weak (0.22). The relationship between the grade of motility and the proportion of motile sperm also positive, was reasonably large (0.70), although its significance is questionable because of the crudeness of the scale utilized to assess the grade of sperm motility. A comparison of the findings with those of similar studies was made.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗