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The petroleum ether extract of the oleo-gum resin of Commiphora molmol, at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, produced significant inhibition of carrageenan induced inflammation and cotton pellet granuloma. The extract also showed significant antipyretic activity in mice. Further studies on the fractionation of phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action are in progress.
A new pentacyclic triterpene [1] with anti-inflammatory activity was isolated from the roots of Commiphora merkeri. The structure was established on the basis of spectral data and conversion to its triacetate.
Oral administration of petroleum ether extract of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and ethylacetate extract of Commiphora mukul in albino rats significantly prevented rise in serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride level, caused by atherogenic diet. All the three agents were also found to confer significant protection against atherogenic diet induced atherosclerosis.
In the present investigation a method of induction of experimental arthritis in animals was modified to provide a better model replica of human arthritis. Inflammatory syndrome, resembling rheumatoid arthritis in man, was induced in the right hock joint of albino rabbits by intra-articular injection of the killed mycobacterial adjuvant in liquid paraffin. Development of this arthritic syndrome was studied from a period of five months with and without drugs. Anti-inflammatory agents such as phenylbutazone, ibuprofen and fraction "A" of gum-guggual from Commiphora mukkul were administered orally at a daily dose of 100, 100 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, for a period of five months. All three drugs decreased the thickness of the joint swelling during the course of drug treatment. These results indicate the beneficial role of phenylbutazone, ibuprofen and fraction "A" of gum-guggul in experimental arthritis.
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Six essential oils of Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Anethum sowa, Cymbopogon winterianus, Nardostachys jatamansi, and Commiphora mukul were selected and tested for their efficacy against Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. sulphureus, Mucor fragilis, and Rhizopus stolonifer. These oils were fungistatic or fungicidal to one or the other molds, depending upon the concentrations.
Fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract of scented myrrh (resin of Commiphora guidottii Chiov., Burseraceae), using the guinea pig ileum test to monitor pharmacological activity, resulted in isolation of the sesquiterpene (+)-T-cadinol. High field NMR spectroscopy yielded new detailed 1H- and 13C-NMR data for the compound. T-cadinol was shown to have a concentration-dependent smooth muscle relaxing effect on the isolated guinea pig ileum and a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cholera toxin-induced intestinal hypersecretion in mice.
Chronic feeding of guggulsterone to rats showed hypolipidaemic activity in blood serum and liver membrane lipids. The decrease in serum cholesterol is associated with enhanced uptake of LDL by the liver through receptor mediated endocytosis, located on the surface of the cell membrane. In the present communication it has been shown that membranes prepared from liver of guggulsterone treated rats exhibit up to 87% increase in binding sites for human 125I-LDL. Significant decrease in lipid levels of serum as well as of membrane were observed. Lipid lowering activity of the drug in relation to LDL catabolism and other possible mechanisms have been explained.
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Multicentric clinical trials of the efficacy of gugulipid conducted at Bombay, Bangalore, Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, Nagpur and Varanasi have been reported. Two hundred and five patients completed 12 week open trial with gugulipid in a dose of 500 mg tds after 8 week diet and placebo therapy. One patient showed gastrointestinal symptoms which did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug. A significant lowering of serum cholesterol (av. 23.6%) and serum triglycerides (av. 22.6%) was observed in 70-80% patients Double-blind, crossover study was completed in 125 patients with gugulipid therapy and in 108 patients with clofibrate therapy. Two patients had flu-like syndrome with clofibrate and opted out from the study. With gugulipid the average fall in serum cholesterol and triglycerides was 11 and 16.8% respectively and with clofibrate 10 and 21.6% respectively. The lipid lowering effect of both drugs became evident 3-4 week after starting the drug and had no relationship with age, sex, and concomitant drug intake. Hypercholesterolaemic patients responded better to gugulipid therapy than hypertriglyceridaemic patients who responded better to clofibrate therapy. In mixed hyperlipidaemic patients response to both drugs was comparable. HDL-cholesterol was increased in 60% cases who responded to gugulipid therapy. Clofibrate had no effect on HDL-cholesterol. A significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol was observed in the responder group to both drugs.
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