PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Comoros”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A survey of filariasis in the Comoro Islands, in Great Comoro and Mohéli].

The filariasis of W. bancrofti with nocturnal periodicity is, together with malaria, the principal endemic disease in the Comoros Islands. Well studied on Mayotte island, which remained a French Territorial Collectivity, its prevalence and distribution are less known in the Grand Comoros, Anjouan and Moheli islands which form the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros. The study of the nocturnal microfilariae in the Grand Comoros and Moheli in 1987 is the opportunity to assess the situation of the disease on this archipelago.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Twin births in the Comoros.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of twin births in the Comoros Islands. DESIGN: Combined retrospective and non-randomised prospective study. SETTING: Hospital El-Ma'aru Moroni Grand-Comoros and Center Medico-Chirurgical Domoni-Anjouan. SUBJECTS: One hundred and nine patients with twin deliveries. RESULTS: During the period of study, there were 4370 deliveries, out of which 109 were twin births, giving an incidence rate of 25/1,000 deliveries. Twin births rate increased with increasing parity. The perinatal mortality rate of twin delivery was seven times that of singleton. Low birthweight rate was 54% among twin births. Retention rate of second twin was 12%, with home delivery of the first co-twin in 62% of cases. Uterine atony and malpresentation were the principal factors in the aetiology of retained second twin. CONCLUSION: Multiple pregnancy is common in the Comoros and the epidemiology and clinical significance are consistent with established data. Clinicians and midwives in Comoros must be aware of these facts, and endeavour to make early diagnosis and institute appropriate management within the available scarce resources, in order to improve maternal and foetal outcome of twin births.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The Anopheles gambiae complex in the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros (Indian Ocean): some cytogenetic and biometric data.

Samples of adult females of the Anopheles gambiae complex from thirteen localities of three islands of the Comoro Archipelago (Anjouan, Grande Comore and Moheli) were identified by analysis of ovarian polytene chromosomes as An. gambiae s.s. The samples showed only the inversion polymorphism 2La, the mean frequency of the inverted arrangement being 38%. A significantly higher frequency of the inverted arrangement 2La was observed in the localities with a lower annual rainfall. Similarities between the chromosomal polymorphism of the samples from Comoros and that of coastal eastern African countries suggest a probable continental origin of the An. gambiae s.s. populations in the Comoro Archipelago. A biometric analysis was carried out on the palpal index and the number of coeloconic sensilla, two characters partially diagnostic between fresh- and salt-water members of the gambiae complex. The palpal index of the 2La homozygous inverted females of An. gambiae s.s. was found to be significantly higher than the index of standard homozygotes and heterozygotes, suggesting a relation between the inversion and this biometric character. No An. merus was identified, although larvae of An. gambiae s.l. were observed breeding in brackish water.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Role of Culex quinquefasciatus in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis in the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros (Indian Ocean)].

In October 1988-January 1989, as a part of a malaria and filariasis control programme in Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros an entomological survey was carried out in 19 rural and urban localities of Grande Comore. Anjouan and Moheli Islands. The potential breeding places were examined and pyrethrum spray catches were made to evaluate the indoor resting densities of mosquitos. A total of 14.578 adult mosquitos potential vectors of filariasis was collected: 94.5% Culex quinquefasciatus, 3.5% Anopheles gambiae s. str. 1.9% A. funestus and 0.1% other anopheline species. A. funestus, uniformly spread in Moheli, was present only in the south-west coast of Anjouan and absent in Grande Comore. A. gambiae and Cx quinquefasciatus were present in Grande Comore. A. gambiae and Cx quinquefasciatus were present in the three islands with different densities in the villages. Only Cx quinquefasciatus specimens la maximum of 150 for each locality) were dissected to search filaria larvae being the Anopheles specimens used to evaluate the malaria transmission. The global infection rate (9.4%) and the infectivity rate (0.9%) observed in Cx quinquefasciatus are higher than indices reported in previous surveys. All the larvae in the third development instar (L3) were identified as Wuchereria bancrofti. The results suggest that in FIR of Comoros W. bancrofti is well adopted to local Cx quinquefasciatus population. Because of the presence of high mosquito density this species plays a prominent role in the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in that area. The high transmission levels calls for the implementation of a specific control program.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology and control of malaria in the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros].

Malaria constitutes a major public health problem in the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros. This problem is relatively recent from the historical point of view of the archipelago. It represents 15 to 30% of the hospitalization cases and 15 to 20% of the registered deaths in the pediatric services. The epidemiological data collected show that the characteristics of malaria transmission continue for the stable type; however, the epidemiological situation varies from one island to another. The principal vectors of malaria are Anopheles gambiae s.l. and A. funestus. Of the four parasitic species, P. falciparum remains the most dominant, as it is responsible for 95% of the paludal attacks. Important progress has been accomplished during the last several years in the fight against malaria in the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros, with the elaboration of national politics (October 1992), a national strategy for an antivectorial fight (August 1993) and a practical guide for the treatment and prevention of malaria and filariasis (October 1993). These important achievements allow the establishment of more vigorous and better targeted future actions.

Comoros↗
PubMed1991

[Impact of the use of larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata on the transmission of malaria in FIR of Comoros].

Field tests were conducted in the Grande Comore Island, Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros, in order to evaluate the potential of the larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata for the control of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Due to the high permeability of soil, Anopheles breeding sites in all island occurs only in the man-made water reservoirs. The study was carried out from November 1987 to November 1988 within a framework of a malaria and filariasis control programme, supported by WHO and UNDP in collaboration with the Government of the FIR of Comoros. All larval breeding places of An. gambiae existing in the village of Hantsambou were recorded (59 ablutions basins and 61 cisterns) and provided initially with 3-5 specimens of P. reticulata/m3 in November 1987, after the importation of the larvivorous species from Mayotte Island. The percentage of breeding places positive for An. gambiae decreased from 41% to 6% after one year. Pyrethrum spray catch showed a reduction of indoor resting density from 5.5 to 0.3, while the ma value, number of Anopheles bites/man/night, obtained by night-biting catches, decreased from 6.3 to 1.2. At the same time of the reduction of entomological indices parasite index for P. falciparum and spleen rate drop steadily in 5-9 years school children. The tested vector control method, well accepted by the community, could be implemented in malaria control through primary health care, being the ecological conditions in the entire island very peculiar.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Epidemiological stratification of malaria in the Comoro archipelago].

In the Comoros Islands, the level of malarial endemicity varies greatly from one island to the other, even though the total area (4 islands) covers less than 2,300 km2 and has a population of some 600,000 people only. The epidemiological stratification is based on the diversity of human and physical characterisation. They both determine the presence and the behaviour as well as the size of the vector's populations. Vectorial dynamics can explain varying levels of endemicity given parasitological indicators and specific morbidity. Analyzing these criteria shows up different epidemiological features and serves as a basic guideline for malaria control. The efficiency of this control depends on the relationships between the intensity and the length of the transmission, in the framework of protection mechanisms; it is of crucial importance for clinical treatment. Further elements are the age of the patient, the season and the geographic situation of the area. Stratification provides explanations for these relationships and helps to define antimalarial programmes adapting to each situation a range of therapeutic and antivectorial methods. The availability and accessibility of anti-malarial medicine is the minimum requirement for reducing mortality: domestic spray insecticides for reducing transmission are effective for several years and should be followed by the use of mosquito nets or curtains impregnated with pyrethrinoids, and in the particular case of Grande Comore, the use of larvivorous fish. As anywhere else, the economic development, which is dependent on political stability, is the essential basis for malaria control.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[A case of chloroquine-resistant (R1) falciparum malaria from the East African Comoros Islands (author's transl)].

An African from the Comoros Islands, who has been living in Berlin for eleven years and who had made his last journey to Africa two years before, fell ill with high fever upon returning from a visit to Mayotte and Grande Comore. His blood smear revealed trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. After intake of 25 mg of chloroquine base per kg body weight within 66 hours, defervescence and clearance of blood ensued and by the fourth day after start of treatment the parasites could no longer be detected in the blood. On the 25th day high fever occurred and P. falciparum was found again. After chloroquine treatment had been repeated with an additional single dose of 75 mg pyrimethamine and 1.5 g sulphadoxine the patient remained healthy. During observation over a period of eight months plasmodia could no longer be detected in thick films.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed1991

[Antibody levels against circumsporozoitic protein of Plasmodium falciparum and their use as epidemiological indicators of malaria transmission in FIR of Comoros].

Epidemiological survey on prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum anti-circumsporozoite antibodies (Ab-CS) was carried out in 21 villages of Comoros FIR, at the beginning of 1988 rainy season. Evaluation of anopheline indoor resting densities was also carried out at the same time. Frequencies of antibody-positive subjects vary considerably in the different villages, according to the Anopheles gambiae and A. funestus densities per room, which are determined by ecological factors. Ab-CS prevalence varies in the sample population from 5.5% in 3-4 years children to 40% in those of 5 years. Starting from 6-7 years group, prevalence increased steadily reaching a plateau by 30 years of age. The detection of Ab-CS levels in a sample population is a good tool to evaluate malaria transmission levels, especially where the epidemiological situation does not allow a reliable entomological evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Seroepidemiologic evaluation of malaria in Mayotte (Comoro archipelago) 1984-1988].

In the context of a research programme on the immunology of malaria in the islands of the south-west of the Indian Ocean, seroepidemiological studies by means of sampling surveys have been carried out annually in Mayotte Island (Comoro Archipelago) from 1984 to 1988. Apart from the transient character of the increases in rates in the wake of the epidemic outbreak of 1984, the evolution of the antibody geometric mean reciprocal titre (GMRT) by age reveals a negativation of population at large, fast only in the younger age-group. At such a high level of negativation, the GMRT does not lend itself to interpretation. In the older age-groups the negativation becomes so slow as to render a yearly periodicity too short to show differences. The correlation between GMRT and age that persisted over the five-year period suggests that the evolution of the rates according to age follows a predetermined model. The epidemiological interpretation of purely serological data, except for a general indication of the trend, is however difficult, specially in an archipelago where the levels of malaria transmission are not the same in the different islands, but where inter-island migration is quite important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Human Salmonella and Shigella infections in Moroni, the capital of Great Comoro Island (1987-1988).

Over a period of two years 98 cultures of Salmonella and 17 cultures of Shigella were isolated at the El Maarouf Hospital, Moroni, capital of the Comoros. Almost half of the isolates were from children under 5 years. Salmonella belonged to a limited range of serotypes, S. typhi dominating in adults and S. enteritidis in children, often with bacteraemia. Antibiotic resistance was virtually absent in Salmonella and without clinical significance in Shigella. The high isolation rate of S. enteritidis and the rarity of antibiotic resistance are commented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Malaria morbidity in Comoros].

After a short epidemiological description on the malaria situation in the Grande Comoro Island, the authors fix the threshold of the pyrogenic parasite density. The studies carried out in out-patients and a pediatric in patients department allowed the authors to assess the place of malaria in the pathology. Second motive for seeking medical advice for fever in children, malaria is the first cause of dead in hospitalized children between 1 and 4 years. The morbidity and mortality decreases rapidly from the age of five and the limit seems to be reached at the age of 10. Perennial transmission does not result in seasonal variation of the morbidity although the prevalence, in active detection, of malaria infection is significantly higher in the raining season than in the dry season.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1988

[Malaria in the islands of the Comoro archipelago. Historical and geophysical aspects. Epidemiologic considerations].

Located on the maritime road to India, important harbour during slavery period, Comoro Archipelago was therefore free of malaria in the XVIIth century in spite of the presence of infected persons. In the XIXth century, malaria became endemic in Mayotte, Mohéli and Anjouan but only at the beginning of the XXth century in Grande Comore. The origin of vectors and main parasite, P. falciparum, are african. After quite a "natural" evolution, the situation is the same in these islands (continual high transmission) except Mayotte where a malaria programme is performed since 1976. But the historical differences, island by island, in the outbreak of malaria suggest various ecological balance which would be underlined by antimalarial activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Bancroft's filariasis in Anjouan (Comoro Islands)].

A parasitological survey on Bancroftian filariasis has been carried out in Anjouan (Comoro Islands) in 1982. A fall in the microfilaria rate (17.66%) is noticeable comparatively to Prod'hon investigations in 1969 (41.25%). Prevalence is reduced in the main localities but is still high in remote villages, specially in the inner district of the island.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Comoros.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Africa↗
PubMed1999

Management of childhood fractures in Anjouan Island, Comoros.

Limb fractures were reviewed in 489 children, 390 boys and 99 girls whose ages ranged between 2 days and 14 years (mean 8 yrs). Only 54 (11%) were caused by road traffic accidents; 435 (89%) were due to other causes. Fractures of the arm were seen in 332 (68%) children and there were leg fractures in 157 (32%), of which 155 (32%) were undisplaced and were treated by first aid. Closed reduction was performed on 138 (28%) children and 196 (40%) were treated by internal fixation. Infection and non-union occurred in 28 (14%) and 13 (7%), respectively. Re-operation was performed because of complications in 21 (11%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comoros.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Africa↗