PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Computers, Mainframe”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Translating mainframe computer data to spreadsheet format.

The translation of mainframe-stored information in ASCII into spreadsheet format for use in Lotus 1-2-3 is explained. Details are presented on how to use the Data Parse command to create a translation template that tells Lotus 1-2-3 how to interpret a file written in ASCII. Lotus 1-2-3 can also translate some files in formats other than ASCII. It can translate files in the Data Interchange Format directly into its own format. Translating mainframe computer data into spreadsheet format is relatively simple and obviates the rekeying of those data.

Computers, Mainframe↗
PubMed1990

Documenting pharmacists' interventions on a hospital's mainframe computer system.

The development and implementation of a code that enables pharmacists to document their clinical interventions in the hospital's computerized patient records is described. To allow data to be entered in patient records from terminals throughout the hospital that are linked to the mainframe computer, a code was developed to summarize each pharmacist recommendation. The coded information is added to the computer entry for the specific drug requiring intervention. A computer program was developed inhouse for generating daily reports of the pharmacist interventions. During an initial 25-day study period, 300 interventions were documented; house staff physicians accepted the pharmacists' recommendations in 257 (85.7%) of these interventions. An additional 17 (6%) of the interventions resulted from physicians' requests for pharmacists' recommendations. In addition to review of all pharmacist clinical interventions, this system allows review of a specific target drug to determine compliance with institutional drug-use guidelines. Through use of the computer program developed at this hospital, information that documents pharmacists' clinical services can be entered directly into patients' records on the hospital's mainframe computer system and retrieved as useful reports.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1989

Mini-micro-mainframe computer marriage: combining technologies in a radiology results reporting system.

The minicomputer-based information system in the Department of Radiology at the Medical College of Georgia Hospital and Clinics was placed in service in February, 1982. This system represents a sizable investment in minicomputer hardware in addition to more than 6 years of software customization. One serious deficiency in the original system was the lack of a radiology results reporting facility. Several options were considered to provide the department with this capability. The most obvious option was retiring the existing system and replacing it with one of a number of commercial products already offering results reporting. In-house development of a reporting facility lent itself more readily to microcomputers than to the existing minicomputer system. Due to system customization, economic and time constraints, it was decided to merge an in-house developed microcomputer-based report module into our existing minicomputer system. The minicomputer was able to communicate with and transfer files to and from both micro and mainframe systems. Combining technologies allowed us to continue taking advantage of our sizable investment in money, time, and customization while providing a microcomputer-based report module. Radiology reports are now typed on microcomputer word processors and bulk transferred to the minicomputer. The minicomputer provides access to both unapproved and approved reports on system terminals throughout the department. It also enhances reports by merging patient demographics and registration information. Using existing communications facilities to the hospital mainframe system, reports are provided throughout the institution.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

A mainframe interfacing computer management system for the control of oral anticoagulant therapy.

A unique computerized management system has been used to control the anticoagulation of over 400 patients at a large teaching hospital for the last eighteen months. The system is located on the main pathology computer which can be interfaced with the patient administration system (PAS). This enables files in the anticoagulant program to be linked with files in the PAS and files in the haematology database. This system has many advantages over a stand-alone microcomputer system and will form the basis for the next generation of computerized anticoagulant management systems.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Micro-mainframe-like personal clinical research system.

We constructed a micro-mainframe-link clinical research system for personal use (Personal Clinical Research System). This system was developed with both a mainframe computer and a personal computer (PC). The prepared programs included a database manager (on the mainframe computer), a user interface program (on the PC), and a communication control program that connected the mainframe computer with the PC. The database on the mainframe computer was constructed by two methods. The first method was to transmit data from the PC to the mainframe computer. The second method was to extract data from the patient information database. Using this system, a physician is able to construct a personal research database that contains interesting data for the physician. In addition, the physician is able to accumulate data on a special field using this system. A discharge summary system is now in operation as an example of this system.

Computers, Mainframe↗
PubMed1992

CD-ROM source data uploaded to the operating and storage devices of an IBM 3090 mainframe through a PC terminal.

A powerful method of processing MEDLINE and CINAHL source data uploaded to the IBM 3090 mainframe computer through an IBM/PC is described. Data are first downloaded from the CD-ROM's PC devices to floppy disks. These disks then are uploaded to the mainframe computer through an IBM/PC equipped with WordPerfect text editor and computer network connection (SONNGATE). Before downloading, keywords specifying the information to be accessed are typed at the FIND prompt of the CD-ROM station. The resulting abstracts are downloaded into a file called DOWNLOAD.DOC. The floppy disks containing the information are simply carried to an IBM/PC which has a terminal emulation (TELNET) connection to the university-wide computer network (SONNET) at the Ohio State University Academic Computing Services (OSU ACS). The WordPerfect (5.1) processes and saves the text into DOS format. Using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP, 130,000 bytes/s) of SONNET, the entire text containing the information obtained through the MEDLINE and CINAHL search is transferred to the remote mainframe computer for further processing. At this point, abstracts in the specified area are ready for immediate access and multiple retrieval by any PC having network switch or dial-in connection after the USER ID, PASSWORD and ACCOUNT NUMBER are specified by the user. The system provides the user an on-line, very powerful and quick method of searching for words specifying: diseases, agents, experimental methods, animals, authors, and journals in the research area downloaded. The user can also copy the TItles, AUthors and SOurce with optional parts of abstracts into papers under edition. This arrangement serves the special demands of a research laboratory by handling MEDLINE and CINAHL source data resulting after a search is performed with keywords specified for ongoing projects. Since the Ohio State University has a centrally founded mainframe system, the data upload, storage and mainframe operations are free.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1991

Computerised vascular data management: a flexible modular registry suitable for the evaluation of long-term results in patients subjected to multiple interventions.

We have designed a computerised vascular registry (CVR) combining storage of complete patient histories in minute detail, including reoperations and long-term follow-up, with clinical applicability. The basic concept of this registry is the storage of data in a structure of cycles (one cycle per treatment episode), modules (clusters of logistically correlated data) and data-chapters (clusters of clinically correlated data). The registry was designed to minimally interfere with routine clinical practice, for instance by collecting the data step-by-step at the wards and out-patient clinics, quite similar to traditional record keeping. The CVR enables production of inventories of all stored data. More importantly, and in addition to other registries, the structure of our registry adequately enables analyses of data of patients with multiple interventions and patients with long-term follow-up. A microcomputer was used for the input of data, which were stored in a structure enabling effortless transportation of the data to a mainframe computer. Standard software programs were used. Simple inventories and analyses were performed on a microcomputer, and a mainframe computer was used for more complex analyses. The performance and applicability of the newly designed CVR was thoroughly tested in comprehensive retrospective studies. On the basis of these experiences several adjustments were carried out after which the CVR was introduced into clinical practice.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1990

Nucleic acid sequence analysis software for microcomputers.

It is clear that a computer-aided data control system is required for even small laboratories generating nucleic acid data. While the molecular biologist at many universities and large research institutions has access to mainframe computers and nucleic acid sequence analysis software, many find it more convenient to perform sequence analysis on microcomputers that are typically located within the investigator's laboratory and totally dedicated to sequence storage and analysis, in essence giving the investigator more personal control of analysis activities than is sometimes possible with shared mini- or mainframe computers. New programs are being written and released at an increasing rate to perform increasingly more complex and specialized analyses using small computer-based systems. This trend will undoubtedly continue, fueled by the need to manage the ever increasing quantity of sequence data.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

GOFCOX: a computer program for the goodness-of-fit analysis of the Cox proportional hazards model.

GOFCOX is a user-friendly FORTRAN program for assessing the adequacy of the Cox proportional hazards model. The underlying methodology is based on the comparison of the maximum partial likelihood estimator and a weighted parameter estimator. The latter is the root to an estimation equation that assigns varying weights to the individual contributions to the partial likelihood score function. The weighted and unweighted parameter estimators have the same expectation under the Cox model, but tend to differ when the model is inappropriate. The GOFCOX program computes a rich class of weighted parameter estimators and corresponding goodness-of-fit test statistics. The program runs on both mainframe computers and microcomputers. The running time is minimal even for large data sets. A simple example is provided to illustrate the features of the program.

Computers, Mainframe↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of two systems for documenting pharmacist interventions in patient care.

Manual and computerized systems for documenting interventions by pharmacists at a large university teaching hospital are compared. The manual system allows patient data and pharmacist interventions to be quickly documented on written profiles. Completed forms are entered into a personal computer for analysis. The computerized system is a direct-entry version of the manual intervention log. Five screens allow pharmacists to enter information into a mainframe computer from any terminal. Data can be downloaded from the mainframe into a personal computer. During the first part of the study, nine pharmacists used the manual system for seven days. After a two-week pause, the same pharmacists used the computerized system for seven days. The systems were evaluated by using time-and-motion analysis and a questionnaire. Also, the number of interventions documented and the characteristics of each were compared. The mean +/- S.D. time required to document an intervention was significantly less with the computerized system (81.8 +/- 24.9 seconds) than with the manual system (100.7 +/- 37.3 seconds). Administrative time for analysis and report generation was also less with the computerized system. The pharmacists rated the computerized system more highly in terms of ease of use, accessibility, time efficiency, and acceptability. The number of interventions documented did not differ between the systems. A computerized system for documenting pharmacist interventions compared favorably with a manual system.

Chicago↗
PubMed1990

Ministry of Health computerisation programme.

The purpose of the paper is to give the readers an idea of the state of computerisation in the Ministry of Health, Singapore and to highlight some of the benefits of computerisation. The Ministry employs a wide range of computer systems from portable microcomputers, point-of-sale microcomputers, supermicros, minicomputers to mainframe computer. What are the roles of these computers? Why and how are they interconnected? Carry on reading if these questions are appealing to you.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

An instrument to monitor physiological and environmental parameters associated with heat stress on an ambulatory subject.

This paper outlines the development and construction of an instrument for use on an ambulatory subject which monitors selected physiological and environmental parameters that are a reflection of the degree of physiological strain associated with heat stress. The resulting instrument is rugged, reliable, and uses existing practical technology for in-the-field ambulatory monitoring, and provides minimal restriction to subject movement. The physiological parameters monitored (heart rate and skin temperature) were selected following examination of systemic, skin, and psychoneurotic heat disorders, with the environmental parameters (wind velocity, ambient temperature and relative humidity) based on existing heat stress indices' correlation with physiological parameters. A microprocessor is utilized for data acquisition, mathematical computation and long term storage, and software for downloading the data to a large mainframe computer is provided. Following calibration of the transduction circuits, the instrument was assembled and tested. Improvements are required to obtain the reliability originally envisaged. Additional field trials would see the collection of data to establish criteria to determine the values of the parameters monitored enabling prediction of the onset of heat stress in hot, humid environments.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[Study of automatic cephalometric analysis by digital image processing].

In the lateral roentgenographic cephalometric analysis, a certain degree of errors is unavoidable as it involves a lot of manual work in tracing, landmark setting, measurement and registration. To minimize the chances of errors creeping in, efforts have been made toward the mechanization of manual work. For measuring and registering automatically, a roentgenographic cephalometric system using a personal computer is available. Attempts have also been made to automatically obtain landmarks on tracings by the use of a computer. However, tracing still has to be performed by hand. The circumstances are such that the development of a full-scale scanning system that can perform automatic tracing on cephalometric radiographs in being eagerly awaited. The present study concerns the possibility of using a small-size computer mainframe in a small-scale clinical laboratory which cannot afford to install a large one. A digital image processing system using a personal computer was devised to process cephalograms. And a the anatomical complex on the screen was developed. To examine the acuracy of the drawings, comparisons were made between manual tracings and computer-aided tracings. The results were as follows: 1. In both vertical and horizontal components at Pog, Gn and Me points, computer tracings were matched significantly well with manual tracings. 2. At the points of Or, ANS, A and Go, only vertical components were matched significantly well with those obtained by manual tracing. 3. In the program developed for the present study, the computer had a greater tendency than man to draw the borderline along the higher density area when the gray level gradient was not sharp.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1990

GELANAL, a personal computer-program to compare protein patterns on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels.

Comparing and analyzing a series of two-dimensional gels by hand is troublesome and subjective. So far a number of systems for automatic analysis have been developed on mainly mainframe computers, using complex algorithms. This paper presents an inexpensive system, based on a simple Pascal program, to compare individual spots on two-dimensional gels using an IBM or compatible personal computer in a qualitative way. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparing two patterns of the same extract from different runs.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Reconstruction of a human ligamentous lumbar spine using CT images--a three-dimensional finite element mesh generation.

Detailed investigation on biomechanics of a complex structure such as the human lumbar spine requires the use of advanced computer techniques for both the geometric reconstruction and the stress analysis. In this study, an automated scheme is developed to generate the required three-dimensional finite element grid of a human ligamentous lumbar spine. The computer-based medical images (CT-scans) of a cadaveric lumbar spine are used to automatically reconstruct the geometry and the grid of the tissues. The data are then transferred to a mainframe computer in a format suitable for an existing nonlinear finite element code. The process has been designed to allow for a number of user-defined parameters such as the number of elements representing the intervertebral discs and the degree of smoothing of the facet articulating surfaces. This finite element mesh can be used for a detailed stress analysis of the human lumbar spine to understand its mechanical function in both normal and perturbed states. The developed interactive system is also helpful from a diagnostic point of view.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Spreadsheet interface for transfer of drug-use data from a mainframe to a personal computer.

The development of spreadsheets and automated instructions for transfer of drug-use data from a hospital's mainframe computer to the pharmacy department computer is described. Drug-use data are down-loaded from the mainframe as an ASCII file on a floppy disk. Instructions within the spreadsheet ("macros") are used to import the data into the first spreadsheet, arrange the data to be compatible with the database portion of the spreadsheet, and transfer the data to another spreadsheet where drug use and cost are calculated and placed in the column for the appropriate month. A series of formulas are used to arrange the imported data to account for items that have not been used. By eliminating the need for manual data input into the spreadsheets, the macros and associated formulas saved pharmacists substantial time.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1990

MULCOX: a computer program for the Cox regression analysis of multiple failure time variables.

MULCOX is a user-friendly FORTRAN program for the analysis of regression effects when individual study subjects may experience multiple events or failures. Each marginal distribution of the multivariate failure time variable is formulated by a Cox proportional hazards model. The maximum partial likelihood estimators of the regression parameters in these marginal models are approximately jointly normal. The MULCOX program estimates the marginal models as well as the joint covariance matrix. In addition, it implements several multivariate inference procedures. The program runs on both mainframe computers and microcomputers. The running time is quite acceptable even for large samples. A simple example is provided to illustrate the features of the program.

Mathematical Computing↗