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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Long-acting reversible contraception, condom use and sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: a multi-country serial cross-sectional analysis using demographic and health surveys.

INTRODUCTION: Unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health issues in developing countries. While long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) effectively prevents unintended pregnancy, there is limited evidence from large multinational studies on its association with condom use and STI-related outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between LARC use, condom use and STIs among women in developing countries. METHODS: This serial cross-sectional study extracted data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), a series of nationally representative household surveys conducted in developing countries. The analysis included women aged 15 to 49 years, with data on contraceptive methods and demographics. Generalised linear mixed effect models (GLMMs) were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for condom use and self-reported STI-related outcomes, comparing LARC users with both non-LARC users and oral contraceptive users. Subgroup analyses were conducted at the individual level and at the country level. RESULTS: Data from 2 171 884 women across 31 countries were analysed. Overall, the prevalence of self-reported STI-related outcomes was 7.4%, 3.9% of participants used LARC, and 7.5% of participants reported consistent condom use. LARC users were significantly less likely to use condoms compared with non-LARC users (aPR=0.40, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.53) and compared with oral contraceptive users (aPR=0.61, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.78). LARC use was associated with a higher prevalence of STI-related outcomes compared with non-LARC users (aPR=1.19, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.28) and compared with oral contraceptives users (aPR=1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24). Associations were stronger in low-Human Development Index (HDI) countries, especially among younger women (15-19 years), but were not significant in high-HDI countries. Country-level heterogeneity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: LARC use is associated with reduced condom use and higher self-reported STI prevalence, particularly among younger women and in lower HDI developing countries. These findings support integrating STI prevention into LARC services and promoting dual-method use to prevent both unintended pregnancies and STIs.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The condom and gonorrhoea.

The use of the condom by male patients attending a clinic specialising in sexually transmitted diseases has been assessed over a period of six months. Condom users were divided into those who used them properly and invariably, and those who did not. In the group studied, correct use of the condom was associated with a significantly lower probability of acquiring gonorrhoea (P less than 0-001) and a significantly higher chance of there being no sexually transmitted disease diagnosed (P less than 0-0005). The diagnosis-rate of non-specific urethritis, however, did not differ among the groups.

Contraceptive Devices, Male↗
PubMed1977

Condom urinals.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed2026

Changes in sexual behavior among women in studies evaluating the dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV prevention.

BACKGROUND: Access to novel HIV prevention technologies often raise concerns of risk compensation. This analysis examined changes in the sexual behaviors of MTN 020/ASPIRE participants, a placebo controlled randomized control trial, who subsequently enrolled in MTN-025/HOPE, an open-label extension using the dapivirine vaginal ring. METHODS: Both studies enrolled healthy, sexually active, HIV-negative women from Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Longitudinal data on participants' sexual behaviors, specifically sex with a nonprimary partner (past 3&#xa0;months), and use of male or female condoms at the last vaginal sex act were compared between ASPIRE and HOPE. Conditional and mixed ordinal logistic regression models evaluated associations between study and sexual behaviors at enrollment,&#xa0;and quarterly over the first 12&#xa0;months. RESULTS: Of the 2629 individuals enrolled in ASPIRE, 1456 (55%) participated in HOPE. At enrollment, the proportion of participants who reported sex with a nonprimary partner and condom use at last vaginal sex act did not differ by study. Across all quarterly follow-up visits, sex with a nonprimary partner was more common in HOPE (13.9-18.7%) than ASPIRE (10.7-12.6%); adjusted OR&#xa0;1.47, 95% CI 1.24-1.75, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001. There was no difference in condom use at the last vaginal act across all quarterly follow-up visits between ASPIRE (36.5-42.7%) and HOPE (43.6-46.7%); adjusted OR&#xa0;1.05, 95% CI 0.94-1.18. CONCLUSION: More women reported sex with nonprimary partners in HOPE, with little change in condom use over time between the two studies. Understanding behavior changes during PrEP use allows for tailored, holistic reproductive health programming.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Measuring the effectiveness of contraceptive marketing programs: Preethi in Sri Lanka.

The Preethi marketing program resulted in sales of more than 11 million condoms during its first 33 months, multiplying Sri Lanka's annual per capita condom use by a factor of five. Estimates for 1974 show 144,000 new acceptors (8% of married women of reproductive age), totaling 50,000 couple-years of protection. It is also estimated that more than half of the nation's 1.8 million couples of childbearing age were educated about the function of a condom. Unit costs were low for this new, nationwide program: about US $2.00 for each new acceptor; 6.00 dollars for each couple-year of protection; and 0.09 dollars for each couple educated. The program's success suggests that a social marketing approach can advance family planning at a relatively low cost.

Advertising↗
PubMed2026

List randomization for prevalence estimation of sensitive behavioral data among women with HIV of reproductive age in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Self-reported data are subject to reporting biases, including social desirability bias. List randomization is one method that can help mitigate the impact of such biases. Here, we examined the utility of list randomization among women of reproductive age living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Family Planning and Antiretroviral Therapy study, participants were randomized to answer 5 blocks of true/false statements via either direct or list response. Each block contained 3 nonsensitive statements and 1 sensitive statement related to either condom use or HIV disclosure. For each sensitive statement, we calculated the prevalence difference (PD) comparing list response to direct response overall and stratified by socioeconomic status. The PD for 4 of the sensitive statements was negligible. However, we found that self-report of always using a condom was reported by 53.1% at list response visits vs 34.7% at direct response visits (PD, 18.5%; 95% CI, 6.2%-30.7%), a difference that was attenuated among those with higher socioeconomic status. In this setting, list randomization did not meaningfully change the estimated prevalence for most questions, except for one question, which unexpectedly produced a higher estimate for a positive behavior. Examining this method in other settings and populations is warranted.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Chlamydia trachomatis incidence in relation to vaginal microbiota dynamics, immunogenetics and exposures in a cohort of young student women in France.

BACKGROUND: Given the potential role of the vaginal microbiota in the acquisition of Chlamydia trachomatis infections, we aim to investigate its contribution together with immunogenetics and epidemiological exposures to the incidence of C. trachomatis in young women. METHODS: This study involved 313 female students aged 18-24 years from the i-Predict prevention trial in France. Participants provided four self-collected vaginal samples and filled four self-administered questionnaires every 6 months for 18 months. C. trachomatis-positive participants and negative controls with complete follow-up were selected for this analysis and submitted to chlamydia testing and to vaginal microbiota characterization using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Thirteen human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to C. trachomatis susceptibility and severity were also assessed. RESULTS: Compared to 260 non-infected participants, Gardnerella spp., Fannyhessea vaginae and Prevotella timonensis were more abundant in C. trachomatis-incident participants (n=24) before infection. Having a CST IV at the preceding sample compared to a CST I (3.56 [1.08-11.70], p=0.037) was associated with increased risk of C. trachomatis acquisition, as well as having had multiple concomitant partners in the last 6 months (4.33 [1.19-15.72], p=0.028). Lifetime condom use was associated with decreased incidence (OR 0.38 [0.16-0.94], p=0.037). None of the tested human SNPs was associated with C. trachomatis infection. CONCLUSIONS: In this low-risk for C. trachomatis population, having a CST IV-AB vaginal microbiota and associated bacterial anaerobes was a risk factor for C. trachomatis acquisition after adjustment for other exposures. Condom use remains one of the main tools to prevent incidence.

C. trachomatis↗
PubMed2026

"Everybody thinks that it won't happen to them": A mixed-methods study of HIV prevention strategies among people experiencing homelessness who use drugs.

BACKGROUND: HIV disproportionately affects people experiencing homelessness, particularly those who use drugs. Although effective prevention strategies exist, uptake remains suboptimal in high-risk populations. Limited research has examined how this population engages with HIV prevention strategies and the contextual factors shaping behaviors. METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods study of adults (&#x2265;18 years) experiencing homelessness with recent drug use, recruited from three Boston sites (Feb 2024-Jan 2025). Participants completed a survey assessing HIV prevention strategy uptake. A subsample completed in-depth interviews on factors influencing behavior. Guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework, we coded qualitative data and identified themes to help contextualize uptake. RESULTS: Among 196 participants, mean age was 48; 61% identified as male and 44% as non-Hispanic White. Forty-two percent reported condomless sex, and among those who had ever injected drugs (n = 123), 24% reported syringe sharing in the prior three months. Only 9% reported current PrEP use, and 12% had ever used HIV self-tests. Qualitative findings highlighted perceived control as a key facilitator, while low perceived HIV risk hindered uptake across strategies. Additional barriers varied by strategy and included partner dynamics and substance use affecting condom use, structural constraints affecting syringe use, and knowledge, stigma, and cost concerns affecting PrEP and self-testing. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of people experiencing homelessness who use drugs, HIV prevention strategy uptake was suboptimal, with particularly low PrEP and HIV self-testing use. Qualitative findings suggest that interventions to promote HIV prevention strategy uptake in this population should leverage perceived control, address perceived risk, and target strategy-specific interpersonal and structural barriers.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barrier methods of contraception: a reappraisal.

In the last two years, there has been a gradual reawakening of interest in barrier methods and an increase in their usage by both men and women. This is in large part due to concern about the sometimes serious side effects reported for other contraceptive methods. The return to these techniques is particularly important, given the current epidemics of teenage pregnancy and veneral disease. One of the major problems in relation to barrier methods today is the accurate determination of their efficacy. There are very limited data with statistical validity available to judge the exact rate of effectiveness one might obtain using one of these techniques. The National Survey of Family Growth, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, showed a failure rate per 100 women of 16.7 for foam, cream or jelly and 15.9 for diaphragms (22). There is a great need for new and improved barrier methods of contraception. Numerous clinical studies are being set up to test spermicidal agents and vaginal sponges for the female, as well as such things as disposable condoms for males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Citizenship Status and Contraceptive Method Use Among Latinx, Asian and Pacific Islander (API) Women in California.

Citizenship status confers rights and access to healthcare, yet little is known about how it impacts contraception use and type of method use. This study examined the role of citizenship status on contraceptive use among reproductive-aged (18-44 years), cis-gender Latinx and Asian and Pacific Islander (API) women. This study used the 2017-2020 waves of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Inclusion criteria included cisgender, heterosexual Latinx and API women of reproductive age (18-44 years) who were at risk of becoming pregnant (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;3,027). Participants were classified into the following categories based on their citizenship status: non-citizens without a green card, legal permanent residents (LPRs), naturalized citizens, and U.S.-born citizens. We conducted bivariate analyses using Pearson's chi-square tests and multivariable analyses using adjusted binomial logistic regressions to assess associations between citizenship status and use of any modern and reversible method of contraception and type of method used. Models were stratified by race/ethnicity. All analyses were weighted. Three-quarters (75.8%) of the sample were Latinx, 57.5% were U.S.-born citizens, 16.3% were naturalized citizens, 10.6% were LPRs, and 15.7% were non-citizens without a green card. There were no significant differences in the type of contraception method use by citizenship status among Latinx. Among API, naturalized citizens had lower odds of any use and condom use and naturalized citizens and U.S.-born citizens had higher odds of using pill or other hormonal methods and IUD or implant compared to non-citizens without a green card. This study makes important contributions in understanding the role of citizenship status as a social determinant of reproductive health for Latinx and API in California.

Citizenship status↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of infertility caused by antisperm antibodies.

Twenty infertile couples with antisperm antibodies in the male or in the female partner were scheduled for treatment. In 15 couples the male and in 5 couples the female partner was the antisperm antibody carrier. In all the couples the result of the in vivo and in vitro sperm-penetration test was negative or poor. The SCMC-test was strongly positive in each of the couples. In all the couples IgG and IgA antisperm antibodies could be demonstrated on the spermatozoa or in the cervical mucus. It was postulated that antisperm IgA and not antisperm IgG is responsible for the penetration reduction of spermatozoa in cervical mucus and for the "shaking phenomenon" in the SCMC-test. Intrauterine inseminations, performed in 20 couples, resulted in four pregnancies. Condom therapy in three couples, for at lest 6 months, had no result. Two men were treated with 96 mg methylprednisolone per day for 7 days; this resulted in a slight decrease of the sperm-agglutination titre, but no pregnancy occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The Euiryong experiment: a Korean innovation in household contraceptive distribution.

Although contraceptive practice has increased substantially in Korea as a result of a strong national family planning program, surveys indicate the existence of an additional unmet demand. A number of obstacles tend to limit availability of family planning services and supplies. The effects of total availability are being tested in a three-year experiment in household contraceptive distribution, for which an exploratory study was carried out in 1975 in Euiryong gun. Three distribution systems were tried in three areas of Euiryong, each enlisting local women to canvass and distribute pills and condoms (and refer those desiring IUDs or sterilization to physician). Results of the preliminary test showed that household distribution was culturally acceptable and administratively feasible and that it did increase contraceptive use. Cost-effectiveness was considered to be within the range of the national program. The most successful of the three distribution systems is being applied in the main study, begun late in 1976 in Cheju province.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1977

Male contraception.

Although the modern era of contraception has focused attention on the female, research into male contraception is continuing on several fronts. Despite the widespread use of premature withdrawal, the condom and vasectomy, there is no acceptable drug for controlling fertility in the male. New advances have been made in influencing the maturation and fertility capacity of sperm. Techniques are being developed for reversibly blocking sperm transport. The functions of seminal fluid are under intensive investigation.

Antispermatogenic Agents↗