PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Conduct Disorder”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Aggressive behavior in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and pervasive developmental disorders.

Aggressive behaviors are frequently observed in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and pervasive developmental disorders. Several theories have been postulated to explain the etiology of aggression in these disorders, but no one theory can account for all the different types of aggressive behaviors observed. Numerous uncontrolled studies with small sample sizes have produced mixed results of pharmacologic agents now being used to treat aggression. This article discusses the phenomenology, etiology, assessment, and pharmacologic treatment of aggressive behavior in patients who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and pervasive developmental disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Criterion validity and the utility of reactive and proactive aggression: comparisons to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and other measures of functioning.

Examined the criterion validity and the utility of Dodge and Coie's (1987) measure of reactive and proactive aggression. Participants were 405 children in kindergarten through 5th grade attending an urban elementary school. Examined criterion validity by testing whether reactive aggression or proactive aggression was significantly correlated with criterion measures of overall impairment as measured by the Impairment Rating Scale (Pelham, Gnagy, et al., 1996), classroom behavior as measured by a frequency count of classroom rule violations, and peer adjustment as measured by teacher ratings of peer behavior on the Pittsburgh Modified IOWA Conners (Pelham, Milich, Murphy, & Murphy, 1989). Examined utility by testing whether reactive aggression or proactive aggression was significantly correlated with criterion measures after controlling for each other and after controlling for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder as measured by the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scales (Pelham, Gnagy, Greenslade, & Milich, 1992). Results showed good evidence of criterion validity for both reactive and proactive aggression, but mixed evidence for their utility.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperkinetic behaviour, attention deficit disorder, conduct disorder and instabilité psychomotrice: identity, analogies, and misunderstandings. Commentary to Gordon's paper (Brain Dev 1994; 15: 169-72).

'Hyperkinetic behaviour', 'attention deficit disorder' and 'conduct disorder' with antisocial aspects or delinquency are concepts frequently superimposed. They can be traced back to the classic nosological entity, 'instabilité psychomotrice', still used in French psychiatric nosography. In this paper, the different components of the condition are analyzed (emotional, attentional, posturo-motoric and behavioural) both in normal subjects and in cases of mild encephalopathies, and for different age groups. A criticism is advanced towards the undifferentiated approach to the problem in the most current literature.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1997

Antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, and substance abuse in schizophrenia.

The validity of subtypes based on antisocial personality disorder (APD) or childhood conduct disorder without adult APD (CD only) in patients with schizophrenia (or schizoaffective disorder) and a substance use disorder (abuse or dependence) was examined. APD patients scored lower on personality measures related to socialization and higher on antisocial behavior, psychopathy, and aggression. APD patients also reported higher rates of aggression and legal problems. APD, and to a lesser extent CD only, was associated with more severe psychiatric symptoms, an earlier age of onset of substance abuse, more severe symptoms of substance abuse, and a stronger family history of substance abuse and psychiatric hospitalization. The findings suggest that schizophrenia patients with APD represent a high-risk subgroup vulnerable to more severe substance abuse, psychiatric impairment, aggression, and legal problems.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Familial links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and bipolar disorder.

Although family, twin, and adoption studies indicate that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a familial condition with a robust genetic component, molecular genetic studies of candidate genes have produced inconsistent findings. One of the challenges to elucidating the genetic architecture of ADHD is its potential genetic heterogeneity. Therefore, efforts are needed to identify etiologically homogeneous subgroups of subjects with ADHD for use in genetic studies. The current article reviews evidence suggesting that parsing ADHD subjects based on comorbidity with conduct and bipolar disorders may yield familial subtypes that are suitable for genetic analyses.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1992

The outcome of childhood conduct disorder: implications for defining adult personality disorder and conduct disorder.

The effect of conduct disorder on adult social functioning in the areas of work, sexual/love relationships, social relationships and criminality was studied in a sample of young adults who spent much of their childhoods in group-cottage children's homes and an inner-city comparison group. Most subjects with conduct disorder had pervasive (but not necessarily severe) social difficulties compared to peers without conduct disorder. Less than half of this group met DSM-III adult criteria for antisocial personality disorder and just over half were given a diagnosis of personality disorder on interviewer clinical ratings. A latent class model that used both the retrospective and contemporaneous indicators of conduct disorder confirmed the very high continuity with adult social difficulties. Current diagnoses did not adequately describe this group and conduct disorder appeared to be an almost necessary condition for multiple social disability in adults in these samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

DSM-IV field trials for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the field trials for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder was to select valid diagnostic thresholds for these disorders and to compare the psychometric properties of DSM-IV criteria for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder with previous DSM diagnostic formulations. METHOD: Structured diagnostic interviews, standardized clinician's validation diagnoses, and multiple measures of impairment were obtained for 440 clinic-referred children and adolescents aged 4-17 years. RESULTS: A diagnostic threshold of four symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder optimized identification of impaired children, improved agreement somewhat with the clinician's validation diagnosis, and had somewhat better test-retest agreement than DSM-III-R. In the case of conduct disorder, the optimal time window for ascertainment of symptoms was clarified. A diagnostic threshold of three symptoms of conduct disorder maximized accurate identification of impaired children and agreement with the clinician's validation diagnosis and resulted in slightly better test-retest agreement than DSM-III-R. Compared with the DSM-III-R definition, the DSM-IV definition of oppositional defiant disorder was somewhat more prevalent, but the prevalence of conduct disorder was essentially unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: DSM-IV definitions of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder are somewhat better than DSM-III-R definitions in terms of internal consistency and test-retest agreement, and the validity of the DSM-IV definition of oppositional defiant disorder is slightly better than that of DSM-III-R.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder among substance abusers.

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study sought to determine the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder among adults admitted to 2 chemical dependency treatment centers. It was hypothesized that ADHD alone or in combination with conduct disorder would be overrepresented in a population of patients with psychoactive substance use disorders. METHOD: Two hundred one participants were selected randomly from 2 chemical dependency treatment centers. Standardized clinical interviews were conducted using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Addiction Severity Index, and DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. Reliabilities for the diagnostic categories were established using the Cohen kappa, and the subgroups of individuals with and without ADHD and conduct disorder were compared. RESULTS: Forty-eight (24%) of the participants were found to meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD was 28% in men (30/106) and 19% in women (18/95; NS). Seventy-nine participants (39%) met criteria for conduct disorder, and 34 of these individuals also had ADHD. Overall, individuals with ADHD (compared with those without ADHD) were more likely to have had more motor vehicle accidents. Women with ADHD (in comparison with women without ADHD) had a higher number of treatments for alcohol abuse. Individuals with conduct disorder (in comparison with those without conduct disorder) were younger, had a greater number of jobs as adults, and were more likely to repeat a grade in school, have a learning disability, be suspended or expelled from school, have an earlier age at onset of alcohol dependence, and have had a greater number of treatments for drug abuse. They were more likely to have a lifetime history of abuse of and/or dependence on cocaine, stimulants, hallucinogens, and/or cannabis. CONCLUSION: A significant overrepresentation of ADHD exists among inpatients with psychoactive substance use disorders. Over two thirds of those with ADHD in this sample also met criteria for conduct disorder. Our sample had a very large overlap between ADHD and conduct disorder, and the major comorbidities identified here were attributable largely to the presence of conduct disorder. Individuals who manifest conduct disorder and/or ADHD represent a significant proportion of those seeking treatment for psychoactive substance use disorders. They appear to have greater comorbidity and may benefit from a treatment approach that addresses these comorbidities specifically through medical and behavioral therapies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Attachment and affect regulation: a framework for family treatment of conduct disorder.

Conduct disorder (CD), a pervasive adolescent disorder with clinically significant antisocial behaviors, has been a difficult syndrome to treat successfully. Recently, research on affect regulation and attachment has suggested that attachment and affect regulation strategies may underlie the development of conduct disorder in adolescents, implying that attention to these factors might improve family treatment for CD. In this review of the research literature, I discuss the role of attachment and affect regulation in the development and treatment of CD. In addition, I present information about the framework, intervention protocol, and preliminary evidence of effectiveness of an attachment- and affect regulation-based intervention that has been developed and implemented with multiple-family groups of parents and incarcerated adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Primary prevention of conduct disorder.

Conduct disorders represent one of the most troubling and persistent childhood psychiatric disorders. This serious condition has a poor long-term prognosis and entails a wide range of negative consequences over the life span. No single intervention strategy has been identified that successfully alters its negative course. This article reviews developmental findings and previous intervention efforts and provides a rationale for approaching the problem of Conduct Disorder through primary preventive intervention. A comprehensive, family-based prevention model and specific clinical strategies for intervention are described. A case example is used to illustrate the integration of program components.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Clonidine therapy for comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: preliminary findings in a children's inpatient unit.

This retrospective study examined the clinical course of 18 prepubertal boys (aged 6 to 12) who had dual diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder and who received clonidine on an inpatient basis after failed trials of conventional drug therapy, consisting predominantly of psychostimulants. The effects of clonidine were assessed during inpatient treatment and after discharge at intervals of 1 to 2 months. Eleven (61%) of the children had marked improvement as measured by clinical impression. Transient sedation lasting 2 to 3 days occurred after initial administration or dosage increase; otherwise, clonidine was well tolerated. Our findings suggest that clonidine may prove to be an alternative treatment of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1991

Symptom correlates among adolescents showing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder versus Conduct Disorder.

21 adolescents with a primary diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 24 Conduct Disordered, and 23 control adolescents were compared on measures of depression, anxiety, behavior problems, and fears. Analyses showed that posttraumatic adolescents showed associated symptoms of depression and state-anxiety, Conduct Disordered adolescents showed depressive trends, and both groups were evaluated by their teachers as showing significant behavior problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Attention-deficit disorder and conduct disorder in girls: evidence for a familial subtype.

BACKGROUND: The frequent comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) raises the possibility that ADHD+CD is a distinct and separate condition. METHODS: We tested hypotheses about patterns of familial association between ADHD, CD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and adult antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Using family study methodology in a sample of girls, we found 11 children with diagnoses of ADHD+ CD, 39 with ADHD+ODD, and 90 with ADHD only. These were compared with 122 non-ADHD, non-CD control probands. Familial risk analysis was utilized. RESULTS: Relatives of each ADHD proband subgroup were at significantly greater risk for ADHD, and the relatives of ADHD-only subjects were at a greater risk of ODD than relatives of control subjects. Also, rates of CD were elevated among relatives of ADHD+CD probands only, and the coaggregation of ADHD and the antisocial disorders could not be accounted for by marriages between ADHD and antisocial spouses. Both ADHD and antisocial disorders occurred in the same relatives more often than expected by chance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ADHD with and without antisocial disorders may be etiologically distinct disorders and provide evidence for the nosologic validity of ICD-10 hyperkinetic conduct disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Relation between childhood disruptive behavior disorders and substance use and dependence symptoms in young adulthood: individuals with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder are uniquely at risk.

Most prior literature examining the relations among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and substance use and abuse suggests that CD fully account for the ADHD-substance abuse relation. This study sought to test an alternate theory that individuals with symptoms of both ADHD and CD are at a special risk for substance abuse. Relations between childhood ADHD and CD symptoms, and young adult tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and hard drug use and dependence symptoms, were examined in a sample of 481 young adults. ADHD and CD symptoms interacted to predict marijuana dependence symptoms and hard drug use and dependence symptoms, such that individuals with high levels of both ADHD and CD had the highest levels of these outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evidence for developmentally based diagnoses of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.

This paper compares the validity of DSM-III-R diagnoses of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) and an alternative option which is subdivided into three levels according to developmental sequence and severity: modified oppositional disorder (MODD), intermediate CD (ICD), and advanced CD (ACD). Using a sample of 177 boys followed over 3 years, both the DSM-III-R and the alternative diagnostic constructs are evaluated on three criteria: symptom discriminative validity, and diagnostic external and predictive validity. Most DSM-III-R ODD and CD symptoms discriminated between ODD and CD, but exceptions are noted. Additional analyses demonstrated considerable overlap among DSM-III-R oppositional symptoms. The majority of the symptoms proposed for the alternative option could be assigned to a specific level based on acceptable symptom discrimination. External validity lent support to the distinctions between DSM-III-R ODD and CD, and between MODD, ICD, and ACD. MODD was a better predictor than ODD of which MODD, ICD, and ACD. MODD was a better predictor than ODD of which boys received a later diagnosis of CD. Suggestions are made for the inclusion and exclusion of symptoms for developmentally based diagnoses of oppositional and conduct disorders.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed2002

Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part II.

OBJECTIVE: To review empirical findings on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). METHOD: Selected summaries of the literature over the past decade are presented. RESULTS: Research on ODD and CD during the past decade has addressed the complexity involved in identifying the primary risk factors and developmental pathways to disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). In some domains, research is entering an entirely new phase because of the availability of new technologies. In others, larger data sets and more complicated methodological and statistical techniques are testing increasingly complex models. Yet questions remain regarding the most useful subtyping systems, the identification of the most significant risk factors, and the relationships between risk factors from multiple domains. CONCLUSIONS: Convincing evidence of causal linkages remains elusive. Research has questioned the notion that CD is intractable, especially when multiple domains of risk and impairment are the targets of intervention. It is apparent that there is not one single causative factor; thus it is not likely that one single modality will suffice to treat CD. Future steps will involve the restructuring of diagnostic criteria to capture adequate subtypes and indicators, clarification of the neurological underpinnings of the disorder, and refinement in the models available to explain the varied pathways to DBD.

Achievement↗
PubMed2003

Clinical recovery in cognitive functioning and self-image among adolescents with major depressive disorder and conduct disorder during psychiatric inpatient care.

This prospective study examined psychosocial and cognitive functioning among adolescents with major depressive disorder and conduct disorder under comprehensive psychiatric inpatient care. Nonverbal and general cognitive performance, self-image, and overall psychosocial functioning improved in both groups. Nevertheless, more changes in self-image and family functioning were found among patients with major depressive disorder. Mental health services should still have the capability of offering long-term residential care for adolescents with the most severe mental disturbance.

Adolescent↗