PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Conjunctivitis, Bacterial”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A review of bacterial keratitis and bacterial conjunctivitis.

Bacterial keratitis is an opportunistic infection of the avascular corneal stroma, initiated by a breakdown of the epithelial barrier. Corneal abrasion with infected material, extended-wear contact lenses, eyelid disease, and disorders of the ocular surface are predominant contributing factors. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis occurs when sufficient bacteria are introduced into the fornices to overwhelm normal bacteriostatic and flushing mechanisms. Chronic conjunctivitis is associated with a constant adnexal source of bacteria and resolves when the source is successfully treated. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of bacterial keratitis are essential to limit stromal scarring and minimize visual loss.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Current therapy for bacterial keratitis and bacterial conjunctivitis.

Therapy of bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis requires that antibiotics be administered to eliminate viable bacteria. Only a limited number of ophthalmic antibiotics are commercially available. Although generally adequate for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, the commercial preparations are believed to contain too low a concentration of antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Using products designed for parenteral administration, the ophthalmologist or the pharmacist formulates so-called fortified preparations containing much higher antibiotic concentrations. Because of their limited spectrum of action, two fortified preparations generally are administered concurrently. Topical application is the most effective route of antibiotic administration for treatment of bacterial keratitis. Antibiotics may also be injected periocularly, a method with risk, or intravenously, a method of uncertain efficacy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of three topical antimicrobials for acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

One hundred fifty-eight patients, 21 years of age or less, presenting with culture-positive (Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae) conjunctivitis were treated with trimethoprim-polymyxin B (TP), gentamicin sulfate (GS) or sodium sulfacetamide (SS) ophthalmic solution for 10 days. Clinical response at 3 to 6 days after start of therapy was similar for all test agents: 26 of 55 (47%) patients cured, 25 of 55 (45%) improved for TP; 28 of 57 (49%) cured, 26 of 57 (46%) improved for GS; and 19 of 46 (41%) cured, 22 of 46 (48%) improved for SS. Clinical response at 2 to 7 days after completion of therapy was also similar: 46 of 55 (84%) patients cured, 5 of 55 (9%) improved for TP; 50 of 57 (88%) cured, 5 of 57 (9%) improved for GS; and 41 of 46 (89%) cured, 2 of 46 (4%) improved for SS. Bacteriologic response at 2 to 7 days after completion of therapy was similar for all antimicrobials: 44 of 55 (83%) patients for TP; 39 of 57 (68%) for GS; and 33 of 46 (72%) for SS.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Bacteriology and clinical implications.

We report the results of eye culture specimens, obtained from patients under 20 years of age, submitted to the Bacteriology Department of our institution from January 1 through April 30, 1983. A total of 72 specimens were positive for one or more strains of bacteria. The most commonly isolated bacteria was Hemophilus influenzae (34 strains, 42%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (11 strains, 13.75%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9 strains, 11.25%). Mean age of patients with H. influenzae (excluding a 20-year-old patient) was 15 months with standard deviation of 13 months. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline showed excellent in vitro activity against bacteria of all age groups. Tetracycline may prove to be the drug of choice for the treatment of acute conjunctivitis if comparative clinical data support its in vitro superiority.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The safety and efficacy of topical norfloxacin compared with placebo in the treatment of acute, bacterial conjunctivitis. The Norfloxacin-Placebo Ocular Study Group.

Two hundred and eighty-four patients with acute conjunctivitis were enrolled in a double-masked study comparing norfloxacin ophthalmic solution with placebo. The proportion of patients who were clinically improved after 5 days treatment was 88.1% in the norfloxacin group and 71.6% in the placebo group (p less than 0.01). The proportion of patients who had all organisms eradicated, including the coagulase-negative staphylococci, after two to three days treatment was 52.7% for norfloxacin and 23.9% for placebo (p less than 0.01) and 64.7% and 26.3% (p less than 0.01) respectively when the coagulase-negative staphylococci were not included. Adverse experiences occurred in 4.2% of the patients receiving norfloxacin compared to 7.1% of the placebo patients. None of the adverse experiences was serious.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis. Prevention of disastrous results.

Conjunctivitis has many bacterial and viral causes. If the cause is bacterial, treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic resolves the problem in 1 to 3 days in almost all cases. If signs and symptoms persist, referral to an ophthalmologist is wise. Most cases of viral conjunctivitis are accompanied by follicular reactions in the inferior fornix, as observed with adult inclusion disease. If dendrites are seen, trifluridine (Viroptic) is preferred for treatment. Referral to an ophthalmologist is advisable because recurrence with scarring and permanent loss of vision is possible. Many topical antibiotics include a corticosteroid component that never should be used unless the conjunctivitis or keratitis is proven to be nonherpetic.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of norfloxacin in bacterial conjunctivitis.

We investigated the efficacy and safety of norfloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution in 120 patients with bacterial conjunctivitis or blepharitis. Patients were selected for the study if they showed conjunctival hyperemia and at least three of the following criteria: a) symptoms of a surface ocular infection; b) a purulent discharge; c) crusting of the eyelids, and d) thickened, red lid margins. After taking a specimen for culture from the conjunctiva or skin-lash margin, the test drug was administered to the infected eye every two hours for one day, then 4 times daily for one week. Of the 120 patients who entered the study, 84.1% were cured. No serious adverse reactions occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Trimethoprim-polymyxin B sulphate ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis: a double-blind study versus chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointment.

Forty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind trial. Patients were treated with either trimethoprim-polymyxin B sulphate or chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointments 4-times a day for 7 days. Analysis of clinical evaluation data showed that both treatments were effective and well tolerated, and that there were no statistically significant differences between them with regard to eradication of organisms or clinical improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Trimethoprim-polymyxin B sulphate ophthalmic ointment versus chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis--a review of four clinical studies. The Trimethoprim-Polymyxin B Sulphate Ophthalmic Ointment Study Group.

Five hundred and twenty-eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis were enrolled in four randomized, double-blind, parallel studies. Patients were treated with trimethoprim-polymyxin B sulphate (TP) or chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointments, four times a day for seven days in three studies, and three times a day for five days in one. Data suitable for evaluation of efficacy and safety were obtained from 448 patients. The results of each study were analysed separately and indicated that both treatments were effective and well tolerated and that there were no statistically significant differences between them. However, in three studies, efficacy trends generally favoured TP ophthalmic ointment and in one study efficacy trends favoured chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointment. A wide range of pathogenic or potentially pathogenic organisms was isolated, with Haemophilus influenzae being the most prevalent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Antibacterial effectiveness of ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

Two hundred eighty-eight cases of culture-proven bacterial conjunctivities were evaluated as part of two multicentered, randomized, prospective clinical studies comparing the antibacterial efficacy of topically administered ciprofloxacin 0.3% either with a placebo or with tobramycin 0.3%. In the first study, ciprofloxacin was significantly (P less than .001) more effective than the placebo. It eradicated or reduced the various bacterial pathogens in 93.6% of patients, compared to 59.5% for the placebo. In the second study, ciprofloxacin (94.5%) and tobramycin (91.9%) were equally effective. Topically applied ciprofloxacin eradicated or reduced all isolated bacterial species, attesting to its broad antibacterial spectrum and its potential usefulness in treating external ocular infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Sodium sulfapyridazine in new delayed-action bases for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis].

Possible preparation of 10 per cent sodium sulfapyridazine ophthalmic drops containing aubazidan, a microbial polysaccharide, providing prolongation of the drops action and stability on the storage was studied. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that aubazidan which is a natural polymer provided high prolongation of the sulfapyridazine effect in the tissues of the anterior part of the eye in rabbits. The prolonged effect was similar to the previously observed effect of the solutions containing synthetic polymers such as 1 per cent polyacrylamide and polyvinyl . Satisfactory tolerance by the rabbit eye tissues of 6-fold daily instillations of the 10 per cent sodium sulfapyridazine solution with aubazidan for the observation period of 1 month was stated. When stored in vials the 10 per cent sodium sulfapyridazine ophthalmic drops with 0.5 per cent of aubazidan preserved the stability for 24 months with respect to the colour, transparency, viscosity, pH and drug content. It was demonstrated with using the agar diffusion method and Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the test cultures that sodium sulfapyridazine completely preserved its antimicrobial activity in the presence of aubazidan. The data suggested that clinical trials of the 10 per cent sodium sulfapyridazine solution with 0.2-0.5 per cent of aubazidan were promising in prevention and therapy of bacterial conjunctivitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of antibiotic therapy in presumptive bacterial conjunctivitis.

One hundred twenty patients who met criteria for presumptive bacterial infections of the conjunctiva were closely recorded for two weeks in a double-blind study that compared the effectiveness of gentamicin with a combination of neomycin and polymyxin B sulfates. The neomycin and polymyxin B combination demonstrated statistical superiority as measured by patient improvement and failure to respond to therapy. However, difficulties including chance distribution of bacteria and variability of organism resistance may have detracted from statistical results.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗