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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of "anorexia" on appetitive and consummatory behavior.

In order to assess the effects of anorexigenic agents on appetitive and consummatory behavior, rats were given sweetened milk either in a bottle or by infusion through an intraoral cannula. In the first experiment, amphetamine (AMP; 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) had no effect on the intake of cannula-fed rats but suppressed the intake of bottle-fed rats at the highest two doses. Although increased activity was observed at the highest dose, bottle-fed rats drank less than cannula-fed rats at each dose of the drug. Fenfluramine (FEN; 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in intake with both methods of feeding, but the effect was greater in bottle-fed rats. Although FEN had marked sedative effects at the highest two doses, bottle-fed rats drank less than cannula-fed rats at each dose of the drug. In a second experiment, cannula- and bottle-fed rats were given milk adulterated with various concentrations of quinine hydrochloride (QHCl; 0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%). QHCl had no effect on the intake of cannula-fed rats but decreased the intake of bottle-fed rats at the highest two concentrations. In a final experiment, the effect of AMP (1 mg/kg) was assessed in a conditioned aversion paradigm. Rats were given four conditioning trials in which access to a 0.1% sodium saccharin solution was followed by an injection of AMP. Again, bottle-fed rats showed greater suppression of intake than cannula-fed rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate that anorexigenic drugs affect appetitive behavior more than consummatory behavior. The implications of these findings for understanding the mechanism of behavioral tolerance are discussed.

Amphetamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vasopressin deficiency and the modulation of consummatory behavior.

This study examined patterns of consummatory behavior in normal and vasopressin-deficient rats under ad lib and food-restricted conditions. Differing patterns of intake of food, water, sucrose, and saccharin were found in the two groups. During the ad lib period, the normal rats gained more weight and ate significantly more food than vasopressin-deficient rats. The vasopressin-deficient animals consumed significantly more sucrose than normal animals during this period. No significant differences in body weight, food intake, sucrose intake, or saccharin intake were noted during the food-restricted period between the two groups. During the food-restricted condition the normal animals showed a cyclic pattern of food, sucrose, and saccharin intake. This cyclic pattern of intake was absent in vasopressin-deficient animals. A vasopressin-serotonin interaction is hypothesized as a possible mechanism producing the differences in the two strains of animals. In addition, the data support the position that food consumption is regulated primarily by caloric and/or nutritional factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of lithium chloride-induced aversion on appetitive and consummatory behavior.

The effect of lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversions on appetitive and consummatory behavior was determined. Rats were given access to a 0.1% saccharin solution for 15 min either in bottles or by infusion through an intraoral cannula. Bottle-fed rats given postprandial injections of lithium chloride showed greater aversion to saccharin than cannula-fed rats. During extinction, cannula-fed rats gradually recovered to control levels of intake, whereas bottle-fed rats continued to avoid the saccharin. These results suggest that lithium chloride affects appetitive behavior to a greater extent than it affects consummatory behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Serotonin uptake inhibitors: effects on motivated consummatory behaviors.

Within the context of the role of serotonin (5-HT) in motivated behavior, the authors examine the effects of 5-HT uptake inhibitors on the regulation of motivated consummatory behavior. Emphasis in this field has for the most part focused on the consistent observation that treatment with these agents attenuates voluntary ethanol drinking behavior in both rats and humans. There has been extensive speculation that the underlying mechanism of the decrease in ethanol intake induced by 5-HT uptake inhibition may involve a modulation of ethanol's reinforcing properties. However, increasing evidence indicates that food consumption and fluid intake are also attenuated by these compounds. In addition, it has been shown that morphine, amphetamine, cocaine, and nicotine self-administration, as well as intracranial self-stimulation, are all decreased following 5-HT uptake inhibition. These observations support strongly the notion that the effects of these agents are global in nature and not specific to any single consummatory behavior. They also suggest that 5-HT uptake inhibition may result in nonspecific modification of motivated behavior in general.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lead exposure, environmental temperature, nesting and consummatory behavior of adult male mice of two ages.

Both younger (60-day-old) and older (365-day-old) male, heterogeneous stock mice were exposed to either a 0.5% lead acetate solution or water as their sole source of fluid for four weeks prior to testing their nest building and consummatory behavior in a temperature chamber. During the three weeks in the temperature chambers lead and water maintenance were continued, and fluid and food consumption, body weight and nest building were monitored. Temperature in the chambers was 21 degrees C during the first week, then reduced to 5 degrees C during the second week, and returned to 21 degrees C in the last week of testing. In general, younger animals responded more rapidly and more intensely than older mice to changes in temperature as reflected in consummatory behavior, but lead ingestion decreased the magnitude of the change in fluid intake. Lead ingestion also altered the pattern of change in food ingestion of older mice as a function of the reduced temperature challenge. The complexity of nests built increased when temperatures were lowered from 21 degrees C to 5 degrees C, but this measure was unaffected by lead ingestion or age.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Effect of serotonergic drugs on negative contrast in consummatory behavior.

The effect of acute and chronic administration of the 5-HT1A agonist buspirone on successive negative contrast was investigated in Experiments 1-6. Contrast in consummatory behavior was induced by shifting rats from a 32% to a 4% sucrose solution. Experiments 1-5 showed that buspirone (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 15.0 mg/kg) was ineffective in alleviating contrast or in facilitating recovery from contrast. The 15 mg/kg dose substantially decreased consummatory responding. Experiment 6 showed that the chronic (24 days) administration of buspirone (0.5, 2.0 mg/kg) also did not alleviate contrast. The chronic, but not the acute administration of the 2.0 mg/kg dose decreased consummatory behavior. In Experiment 7 the 5-HT1A agonist gepirone (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) was also found to be ineffective in reducing contrast but, at the higher doses, decreased overall sucrose intake. Experiments 8 and 9 found that the 5-HT2 antagonists ketanserin (2.0 and 8.0 mg/kg) and ritanserin (0.63 and 2.5 mg/kg) also did not alleviate contrast. Midazolam (1.0 mg/kg), included as a positive control, eliminated contrast. These data suggest that serotonergic mechanisms are not involved in negative contrast.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Opioids and consummatory behavior.

Since the second decade of this century it has been known that opiates can influence ingestive behaviors. Generally, opioid agents enhance feeding and opioid antagonists decrease feeding. The present paper reviews the responsiveness of different animal species to opiates in relation to ingestive behaviors, the opioid receptors involved in such consummatory behaviors, the site of action of opioid modulation of feeding, the role of glucose in opioid induced feeding, and endocrine effects on opioid feeding systems. We emphasize the finding that more than one opioid receptor is involved in the modulation of feeding. A large body of evidence indicates a major role for the dynorphin/alpha-neo-endorphin kappa opioid receptor as one of the receptors involved in feeding modulation. Opioids appear to exert their effect predominantly within the central nervous system, though peripheral effects on taste and gastrointestinal function may play a role in opioid-induced feeding. Although opioid blockade acutely blocks food intake, chronic administration of opiate antagonists to humans and laboratory animals has not proven to be an effective means of decreasing body weight. Chronic opiate administration decreases body weight and autosensitization of beta-endorphin increases body weight. Thus, although it is clear that opioids can effect food intake, it is not clear what effect chronic administration of opioids has no food intake or body weight.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1989

Differential effects of viqualine on alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors.

Viqualine, a serotonin releaser and uptake inhibitor, was studied for its effects on consummatory behaviors (intake of ethanol and nonalcoholic beverages, cigarette smoking, and changes in body weight) in 29 men who were early-stage problem drinkers between 21 to 55 years of age. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a placebo and either 100 mg/day viqualine (n = 15) or 200 mg/day viqualine (n = 14) orally in a double-blind crossover study. Viqualine administration and ethanol intake were assessed by self-reports and by measurement of drug and ethanol concentrations in body fluids. Compared with placebo, 100 mg/day viqualine did not decrease ethanol intake. However, 200 mg/day viqualine significantly decreased the total number of drinks consumed in a 14-day period (F1,12 = 5.3; p less than 0.05). An increase in the number of abstinent days was significant only for those subjects who received the placebo first (F1,6 = 11.3, p less than 0.02). Subjects reported a decreased interest in and decreased desire for alcohol during viqualine treatment. Patterns of response varied, but 64% of the subjects decreased the number of alcoholic drinks consumed and/or increased the number of days of abstinence by at least 25% during treatment with 200 mg/day viqualine compared with placebo treatment. Neither dose of viqualine had an effect on cigarette smoking or on consumption of nonalcoholic beverages, but subjects showed significant decreases in body weight with both doses. These findings indicate that viqualine both attenuates ethanol intake and reduces body weight in human beings.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Acoustic startle reflexes in the rat during consummatory behavior.

Auditory startle reflexes were elicited in thirsty rats when they were drinking water or were between drinking boutsmthe reaction was greater during drinking, this enhancement developing over the first few seconds after drinking onset. The startle reaction was lowest immediately after the termination of drinking. Reflex enhancement was reduced when thirsty rats drank milk rather than the more preferred water. The reflex was smaller with increased water deprivation, but enhancement produced by drinking was apparent at all levels of deprivation studied, satiety to 4-days deprivation. The inhibitory effect of a preliminary stimulus was not affected by consummatory behavior. Attention is drawn to suggestive parallels between these behavioral effects and other consequences of consummatory activity, primarily having to do with electrophysiological events and arousal processes

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

Consummatory behavior and urine production after cerebroventricular injection of vasopressin and vasopressin antiserum.

Vasopressin, or vasopressin antiserum, was injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats. These rats were normally hydrated, cellular dehydrated (NaCl loading) or hypovolemic (polyethylene glycol model). Elevation or reduction of vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid produced no consistent change in consummatory behavior, urine volume or sodium and potassium excretion. These results show vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid not to be an absolute requirement for maintenance of hydration or for response to acute volume and osmotic stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the effects of intracranial injections of 6-OHDA and guanethidine on consummatory behavior and monoamine depletion.

6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has been used extensively to study the effects of catecholamine depletion on feeding and drinking behavior. The results from these experiments are variable and do not clarify the involvement of catecholamines in these behaviors. Guanethidine, which has been used in studies of the peripheral autonomic nervous system, provides an alternative method of catecholamine depletion. In the experiments reviewed here the effects of injections of 6-OHDA and guanethidine into the rat brain on consummatory behavior and temperature regulation have been compared and related to changes in monoamine levels as shown by fluorescence histochemistry. Injections of 6-OHDA into anterior hypothalamic areas have lethal effects on food deprived animals. This effect may be explained in terms of loss of ability to regulate temperature. Animals whose catecholamines were depleted by guanethidine injections into anterior lateral hypothalamus showed a consistent reduction in food and water intake and an elevation of body temperature. Reconciliation of these findings appears difficult. However, a comparative study of the intracranial diffusion patterns of guanethidine and 6-OHDA has revealed marked differences in the extent of diffusion as seen with the fluorescence histochemical method when injected acutely or chronically into the lateral hypothalamus, the substantia nigra or the amygdala of the rat brain. Cannulation damage extended up to 1 mm in diameter. Generalized damage was far greater for 6-OHDA (2 mm) than for guanethidine (0.3 mm). At the doses used guanethidine, but not 6-OHDA caused specific damage to catecholamine-containing neurons up to a distance of at least 3 mm from the cannula tip. Guanethidine was less selective for dopaminergic compared to noradrenergic neurons. These differences between the effects of the two drugs are explained in terms of their unique pharmacological properties and their estimated decay in CNS tissue. An attempt has been made to account for the differences in behavioral data and in particular the variability of the 6-OHDA data in terms of the differences in the type of damage produced by the two drugs and the extent of their diffusion. It is also argued that the different patterns of damage would not easily be distinguished by biochemical analysis, and further, that changes in injection volume and concentration may lead to different damage patterns.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1986

Neuropeptides as regulators of consummatory behaviors.

The control of ingestive behavior involves a variety of neurotransmitters, including monoamines, peptides and amino acids. For the past decade many investigators have focused their research on the role that regulatory peptides play in eating behavior. Many peptides, including cholecystokinin, bombesin, calcitonin, corticotropin-releasing factor, neurotensin and somatostatin, have been reported to decrease the amount of food ingested by laboratory animals. In contrast, a relatively small number of peptides increase food intake. The present review describes the effects of these peptides on consummatory behaviors in various species and their sites of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Sex differences in nicotine's effects on consummatory behavior and body weight in rats.

Nicotine administration and cessation have greater effects on body weight and eating behavior in female than in male rats. These generalizations are based on studies of body weight and eating behavior for 2-3 week periods before, during, and after nicotine administration. Therefore, the sex differences may reflect differences in sensitivity to nicotine or simply differences in the time course of nicotine's effects. The present research was designed to replicate these previous studies and to examine long-term effects of nicotine cessation on body weight. Nicotine or saline was administered SC to female and male Sprague-Dawley rats for 16 days. Body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were measured before, during, and after nicotine administration. In addition, body weight was measured for 4 months after cessation of nicotine. There was an inverse relationship between nicotine and body weight. Also, there was an inverse relationship between nicotine and general consummatory behavior for females but not for males. The body weight of females that had received nicotine were indistinguishable from controls up to 4 months after cessation of nicotine. The body weight of males that had received 12 mg nicotine per kg per day remained lower than controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on food intake and consummatory behavior in lactating rats.

Rats are less sensitive to the satiating effect of CCK-8 during some reproductive states such as estrus and proestrus, and in ovariectomized rats following the administration of estradiol and progesterone. The sensitivity of rats to CCK-8's effect on food intake decreases as lactation progresses. During lactation, prolactin and progesterone levels are elevated. Implantation of ectopic pituitaries increases prolactin levels in males and females as well as progesterone levels in females. To evaluate whether or not prolactin elevation modifies CCK's effect on feeding, we studied the effect of CCK-8 on food intake during the early dark cycle in male and female rats implanted with ectopic pituitaries. As previously demonstrated, prolactin levels were elevated in both male and female pituitary-implanted rats and progesterone levels were elevated in the female rats. CCK-8 inhibited food intake in sham-operated male rats, but did not reliably decrease early dark cycle food intake in sham-operated or pituitary-implanted female rats or pituitary-implanted male rats. Thus an elevation in prolactin levels does not appear to modify the effect of CCK-8 on food intake in female rats. We also evaluated the effect of CCK on consummatory and maternal behavior in lactating rats. CCK-8 altered the meal patterns of lactating rats primarily by decreasing the rate of food consumption and increasing the latency to the first meal. The latency to the first meal of rats receiving CCK was increased during early and mid-lactation and the PW period, but not during late lactation compared to that of the saline-injected rats. CCK-8 did not modulate any of the maternal behaviors studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Consummatory behaviors and weight regulation in pregnant, lactating, and pregnant-lactating mice.

Pregnant Rockland-Swiss (R-S) albino mice consumed significantly more food and water and gained significantly more weight between gestation days 8-17 compared to virgin R-S females maintained in isolation for a comparable period. Postpartum (days 1-10) patterns of ingestion and weight change among thelectomized (nipple-deprived) mouse dams provided with young did not differ significantly from those of virgin animals without young. Sham- and nonoperated dams received suckling stimulation from young and consumed about 100% more food than thelectomized or virgin females (Experiment 1). Pregnancy concurrent with lactation does not increase further the hyperphagic response of female mice. Nipple presence is the principle regulator of postpartum hyperphagia in lactating and simultaneously pregnant-lactating mouse dams (Experiment 2).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Interaction of MSG taste with nutrition: perspectives in consummatory behavior and digestion.

Studies in the taste system of mammals indicate that monosodium glutamate (MSG) produces a unique taste sensation termed umami. As a derivative of glutamic acid, MSG is a naturally occurring nutrient in many foods; its commercial use to improve food palatability for humans is well documented. Behavioral studies with experimental animals have revealed that preference for MSG in solutions and selection of MSG-flavored diets can be explained by sensory means with no appreciable effects on preference by postingestive consequences. However, preference for umami-flavored fluids is reduced by feeding rats low-protein diets or low quality protein. MSG-flavored diets, initially unpreferred, were subsequently highly selected. However, the adulteration of diets by MSG either did not or only slightly increased food intake. In light of the significant contribution of MSG to diet taste, apparently as a signal coupled to dietary proteins, physiological studies have been initiated to reveal its role as a stimulator of the cephalic phase of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Modified sham-feeding experiments with dogs have shown that oral stimulation by MSG produced significant stimulation of both pancreatic flow and protein output in conscious dogs.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Consummatory behavior in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Consumption of water and adulterated fluids was measured under choice and no choice situation in voles and gerbils. Voles consumed more water throughout, and were clearly less able to tolerate challenges presented by adulteration of available solutions in the no choice situation. Intake of both species under choice conditions was more affected (although differentially) by fluid adulteration that it had been when no choice was available. Male and female differences were noted but typically these differences were in magnitude rather than direction of the consummatory response. The data were taken to illustrate the need for comparative studies and careful specification of stimulus conditions surrounding testing so that general principles of physiological and behavioral regulation can be separated from species specific differences.

Animals↗