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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera of cattle: comparison of analytical methods and relationship to whole body oxygen consumption.

Two experiments were conducted to compare methods of determining oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera and to relate this consumption to total oxygen consumption by lactating dairy cows. Oxygen consumption was the product of portal blood flow (determined by dilution of dye infused into a mesenteric vein) and portal-arterial concentration differences of oxygen. In Experiment 1, portal-arterial concentrations of oxygen were determined in samples from three cows using equations based on blood pH, hemoglobin, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and partial pressure of oxygen (method 1) or by direct oxygen determination with an oximeter (method 2). Overall, there were no differences in oxygen concentrations or oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera between methods. In Experiment 2, oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera (method 2) and total oxygen consumption were measured in two lactating cows. Oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera accounted for 18% of total oxygen consumption.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

Alcohol consumption in France: production, consumption, morbidity and mortality, prevention and education in the last three decades.

This paper examines trends in the French consumption of alcohol over the last three decades, and includes data on the production of alcoholic beverages, the consumption of different types of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, morbidity and mortality related to the consumption of alcohol, and a brief description of French preventive and educational measures in this area. In the last 15 years, the average alcohol consumption has ceased growing and even began to decrease. Data are given comparing consumption trends in several European countries, as well as more detailed data of alcohol consumption and related phenomena in France by region, by sex, by age and by socio-economic status (the last two categories for men only). Finally, a schema of the social dynamics of alcohol consumption is presented.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Co-variation between biological markers and self-reported alcohol consumption. A two-year study of the relationship between changes in consumption and changes in the biological markers gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and average volume per erythrocyte (MCV) among problem drinkers.

Co-variations between self-reported alcohol consumption and the biological markers MCV (average volume per erythrocyte) and GGT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) over a 2-year period were studied in a group of 84 men and 53 women recruited to out-patient treatment by advertisements in the press. Upon admission, the drinking pattern of the participants during the preceding year was registered in detail. The participants were also medically examined, and blood samples taken. All the participants were followed up by new personal interviews, medical examinations and new blood sampling after 3, 9, 25 and 21 months. For the group as a whole, alcohol consumption was significantly lower at the end of the observation period than at admission. GGT was also decreased, but not MCV. Both self-reported consumption and the values for the biological markers showed large inter-individual and intra-individual variations during the observation period. The biological markers seemed to co-vary to a limited degree with changes in reported consumption. Both GGT and MCV seemed to have a low sensitivity but a high specificity to changes in consumption. Both markers also seemed to be somewhat more useful in identifying decreases than increases in consumption. The markers GGT and MCV should be used with caution in connection with therapeutic counselling to individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Health status of the economically active population and drug consumption. II. Analysis of drug consumption].

The authors pay attention to one of the indicators of the health status of the economically active population--to the consumption of drugs. The analysis was based on outpatient records on health and disease in a selected group of 2,080 patients (25.9% of the basic group) in relation to sex, age and work capacity. The drug consumption of persons unable to work was cca 40% of the total drug consumption, whereby a higher consumption was recorded in women. With advancing age the drug consumption in diseases not associated with work incapacity rises markedly. Age practically does not influence the drug consumption on account of diseases causing work incapacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Lithium effects on adjunctive alcohol consumption. I: Comparison with adjunctive water consumption.

Chronic administration of lithium chloride (20 mEq/l, in drinking water) produced an earlier onset of the adjunctive consumption of both water and alcohol. Terminal consumption levels, however, were unaffected by either lithium or the liquid available for consumption. The rate of increase, once drinking was initiated, was slower for lithium subjects than it was for controls. Under extinction conditions, adjunctive alcohol consumption showed no evidence of decline for either lithium or control subjects. Water consumption by control subjects did decrease considerably as a result of extinction. Subjects receiving lithium, however, maintained their intake of water at terminal adjunctive drinking levels.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Detection of the relationship between moderate alcoholic beverage consumption and serum levels of estradiol in normal postmenopausal women: effects of alcohol consumption quantitation methods and sample size adequacy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detectability of an effect of moderate alcoholic beverage consumption on the biologic correlate of postmenopausal estradiol levels. Total weekly consumption and beverage-specific intake were assessed using both self-reported usual consumption information and prospective food record data. In terms of total weekly drinks, discrepancies were observed in 35 of the 101 women who reported alcohol use; no consistent pattern of overreporting/underreporting was seen. Although the two alcohol estimates were highly correlated, the relationship between estradiol levels and total weekly alcohol intake was found to be detectable when alcohol consumption based on the food record data was analyzed, but not when the self-report data were examined in a two-tailed hypothesis-testing situation. Evaluating the association between postmenopausal estradiol levels and the two estimates of alcohol intake in random samples of varying sample sizes generated from the mother population of 128 normal postmenopausal women confirmed the finding that the prospectively obtained alcohol data better predict the relationship. Based on the results of this study, it must be concluded that self-reported usual alcohol consumption data must be used with caution when examining an association between alcohol intake and a biologic effect.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

[Methodological bases of the nutritional-physiological assessment of the per capita consumption of foods. I. Recording and characterization of the per capita consumption].

Per capita consumption indices are reference points essential to the provision of foods and the planning of food consumption. From them global statements regarding the energy and nutrient supply can be deduced. But this requires the exact definition of the per capita consumption indices with regard to the recording level, subitems and average losses. The mode of calculation and the assortment of each of the presented food groups are characterized in detail and estimate values for the occurring losses are indicated which are needed for the nutritional-physiological balancing of the per capita consumption indices.

Diet↗
PubMed1989

The relationship between alcohol consumption and social status in Stockholm. Has the social pattern of alcohol consumption changed?

Data from the Stockholm Health of the Population Study in 1984 (n = 6217) show small differences in mean alcohol consumption and in the prevalence of high consumers in various socioeconomic and educational categories of both sexes. Among young people mean consumption was higher in those who had low formal education, equal to 18.8 g 100% ethanol among men aged 18-24 years and 5.9 g for those with public elementary school education, while the corresponding figures for young women were 16.7 and 1.8 g respectively. Those reporting a high alcohol consumption (greater than or equal to 35 g 100% ethanol/day among men and greater than or equal to 25 g among women) had a relative risk over 7 of having been inpatients with alcohol-related diseases during 1980-1984. Our results, together with other recent Swedish survey data, indicate a change in the socioeconomic distribution of alcohol consumption over time. This change is analysed in relation to Swedish alcohol policy, changes in various socioeconomic categories, and the increase in information about alcohol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related damage. I. The distribution of consumption model.

One of the major approaches to alcoholism prevention is referred to as the distribution of consumption model. This prevention model can be summarized as a causal model whereby the availability of alcoholic beverages has a direct causal effect on the aggregate level of alcohol consumption in the population and, in turn, an indirect effect on the incidence and prevalence of alcohol-related damage. This article summarizes an application of a statistical technique known as the analysis of linear structural relations (LISREL) to a set of Ontario data concerning alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related damage. Results substantiated the existence of specific causal paths consistent with the model. Several procedures for assessing the overall goodness-of-fit of the model suggested that it adequately fit the data. The results provide reasonable statistical evidence that government policies restricting the retail availability of alcoholic beverages will reduce the per capita rates of alcohol consumption and, in turn, reduce the level of alcohol-related mortality and morbidity in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The pancreas and oxygen consumption (Part 2). Steroids do not modify resting pancreatic oxygen consumption in dogs: a preliminary report.

In order to evaluate the effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) on the alteration of pancreatic oxygen consumption (VO2) in hypovolemic shock, MPSS was administered to four normal canines and three hypovolemic animals. All were treated according to the protocol used in the initial report. (The Pancreas and Oxygen Consumption 1: Pancreatic Oxygen Consumption in Normo- and Hypovolemic Dogs.) All seven underwent a splenectomy at the beginning of the experiment. Pancreatic VO2, obtained by adding up VO2 for the head (minus the uncinate process) and tail of the pancreas, was equal to the product of regional blood flow, Q, determined electromagnetically on the gastroduodenal (GDA) and splenic (SA) arteries, times O2 extraction, (a-v)O2; O2 content (in mL%) was measured in the femoral artery (RFA), in the splenic (SV) and superior pancreaticoduodenal (SPDV) veins. Similar determinations were carried out on the right hind limb that served as a control. Recordings were made for 4 h in both groups, the first hour determinations (five in all) serving as reference values. Methylprednisolone did not appear to alter pancreatic VO2, which showed a significant increasing trend from + 77% 1 h after MPSS had been given, to + 98% 3 h later (vs + 56 and + 92%, respectively, in the control group). As in the control group, these increases were owing to augmented O2 extraction by the pancreas. No significant change was noted between the head and tail of the pancreas. In the hind limb, VO2 increased significantly the first 2 h and differed from control VO2 at the end of the first hour only.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of consumption of caloric vs noncaloric sweet drinks on indices of hunger and food consumption in normal adults.

This study examined the effects of aspartame, saccharin, and sucrose on hunger and food intake. Twenty normal adults consumed a standard breakfast followed 3 h later by 200 mL of either water or a sweetened drink. One hour later, subjects' ad libitum consumption of a standardized lunch was measured. Subjects recorded self-assessments of hunger-related indices every half hour on visual analogue scales (VAS). ANOVA with repeated measures showed a significant effect of drink type on VAS scores 15 and 45 min after drinks were consumed but not for other times or for lunch consumption. Hunger-related ratings after drink consumption were generally highest for water, lower for noncaloric sweeteners (NCSs), and lowest for sugar. Pairwise comparisons of means showed that only the ratings for sugar and water were significantly different. The results show that, under the conditions of this study, NCSs do not increase hunger or food intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Does fish consumption during pregnancy increase fetal growth? A study of the size of the newborn, placental weight and gestational age in relation to fish consumption during pregnancy.

This study investigates whether consumption of fish during pregnancy may prolong gestation or increase fetal growth. From 1984 to 1987, 11,980 pregnant Danish women filled out a questionnaire while they were in the 36th week of gestation; this was 83% of all such women living in two geographically defined areas. The women were divided into four strata dependent on having consumed a fish meal 0, 1-2, 3-4, or 5+ times during the previous month. In non-smokers, a one level increase in fish consumption was, after adjusting for 19 other variables in a multiple regression model, found to be associated with an increase of 11 g in placental weight, 0.08 cm in head circumference and 16 g in birthweight (95% confidence intervals (CI) 5 to 17 g (p = 0.0002), 0.02 to 0.14 cm (p = 0.02), and -2 to 34 g (p = 0.09), respectively); no associations with birth length or gestational age could be detected (95% Cl-0.07 to 0.11 cm (p = 0.7) and -0.82 to 0.05 days (p = 0.2), respectively, per level change in fish consumption). None of the associations seen in non-smokers were seen in smokers. We postulate that the associations seen in non-smokers could be due to marine n-3 fatty acids improving placental blood flow by increasing the ratio of prostacyclins to thromboxane. Smoking may possibly interfere with this mechanism via nicotine's inhibitory effect on platelet thromboxane production.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An observational study of young adults' drinking groups--II. Drink purchasing procedures, group pressures and alcohol consumption by companions as predictors of alcohol consumption.

Quantitative observations were made of 200 groups in bars catering for young adults. Most drinkers were members of groups in which round-buying procedures were used. Purchasing procedures were good predictors of alcohol consumption among males, accounting for 15% of the variance in consumption. Males who purchased rounds tended to consume more alcohol than did males who did not purchase drinks for others. Drinkers with companions who consumed large amounts of alcohol tended to consume more alcohol and tended to have higher drinking rates. Considered alone, the average amount consumed by companions accounted for 62% and 48% the variance in alcohol consumption by males and females respectively. Qualitative observations and interviews with 200 patrons are also described. Findings from the interviews indicate that there were considerable pressures on males and females to conform to the 'institution' and to the 'rules' of round-buying. However, the quantitative observations showed that the majority of females did not openly purchase drinks. This suggests that observational procedures can provide useful checks on findings obtained from questioning procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Fick-derived hemodynamics. Oxygen consumption measured directly vs oxygen consumption calculated from CO2 production under steady state and dynamic conditions.

Indirect calorimetry is being used increasingly as a tool for hemodynamic monitoring via the Fick equation. This investigation was undertaken to examine the use of carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2A) and related respiratory quotient (RQA) to calculate oxygen uptake (VO2A) and estimate oxygen consumption (VO2) during steady-state and dynamic hemodynamic conditions. Nine patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery were studied intraoperatively and Fick-derived hemodynamic measurements were made using a monitoring system employing indirect calorimetry, pulse oximetry, and pulmonary artery oximetry. Comparisons were made between measured VO2A and calculated VO2A derived from the VCO2A and the initial RQA (RQi), which is assumed not to change. Prior to aortic crossclamping (steady state), there were no significant differences between the measured and calculated methods with respect to oxygen consumption (184 +/- 24 ml/min vs 185 +/- 17 ml/min), oxygen delivery (753 +/- 141 ml/min vs 769 +/- 178 ml/min), and cardiac output (4.7 +/- 0.6 L/min vs 4.7 +/- 0.7 L/min). However, immediately following aortic unclamping (dynamic state), the RQA changed precipitously from the baseline RQi. Consequently, significant differences between the measured and calculated methods were noted in oxygen uptake (213 +/- 41 ml/min vs 193 +/- 25 ml/min, p < 0.001), oxygen delivery (780 +/- 297 ml/min vs 716 +/- 296 ml/min, p < 0.001), and cardiac output (5.8 +/- 2.2 L/min vs 5.3 +/- 1.8 L/min, p < 0.001). Additionally, following unclamping, the peak VO2A was 242 +/- 49 compared with a cVO2A of only 198 +/- 22 (p < 0.01). We conclude that the use of VCO2A to calculate VO2A may lead to erroneous measurements under dynamic conditions, such as unclamping of the abdominal aorta.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1979

[Methodological bases of the nutritional-physiological assessment of the per capita consumption of foods. 2. Nutritional-physiological assessment of the per capita consumption].

The different items of the per caput consumption (cf. Part I) are evaluated from the viewpoint of nutritional physiology, and the average energy and nutrient supply of the total population is calculated and compared with the recommended dietary allowances. The nutritional status of the population is globally assessed. A reduction in calorie and fat consumption seems desirable, which will be promoted by a better supply of calorie-reduced products. Further food modifications, e.g., in the form of protein, vitamin and mineral fortifications, are not necessary for the average population.

Diet↗