Comparison of rhythm and rate-induced myocardial O2 consumption changes before and after coronary occlusion.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Consumption--changes”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The relationship between alcohol consumption and social status in Stockholm. Has the social pattern of alcohol consumption changed?
Data from the Stockholm Health of the Population Study in 1984 (n = 6217) show small differences in mean alcohol consumption and in the prevalence of high consumers in various socioeconomic and educational categories of both sexes. Among young people mean consumption was higher in those who had low formal education, equal to 18.8 g 100% ethanol among men aged 18-24 years and 5.9 g for those with public elementary school education, while the corresponding figures for young women were 16.7 and 1.8 g respectively. Those reporting a high alcohol consumption (greater than or equal to 35 g 100% ethanol/day among men and greater than or equal to 25 g among women) had a relative risk over 7 of having been inpatients with alcohol-related diseases during 1980-1984. Our results, together with other recent Swedish survey data, indicate a change in the socioeconomic distribution of alcohol consumption over time. This change is analysed in relation to Swedish alcohol policy, changes in various socioeconomic categories, and the increase in information about alcohol.
Adolescent↗
Oxygen consumption changes with stored blood infusions.
Stored blood contains microaggregates, often implicated in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency. This study was an attempt to further elucidate the effect of autologous stored, filtered and non-filtered blood infusions and homologous stored and fresh blood infusions on pulmonary function and hemodynamics. Inconsistent changes in pulmonary hemodynamics and blood oxygenation were noted. The one significant finding was an increase in oxygen consumption, which occurred with unfiltered autologous or homologous blood but not with fresh or filtered blood. Since an increased oxygen consumption results in an oxygen demand which is difficult to meet in the face of multiple other injuries, it is conceivable that this observation implicates massive stored blood transfusion as a major contributing factor in the development of so-called irreversible shock.
Animals↗
Serum cholesterol increase in a middle-aged male industrial population during ten years (1976-1986) and general food consumption changes in Czechoslovakia.
The authors evaluate the coronary risk factor changes in middle-aged men from the point of view of changed nutritional habits of the whole population (yearly per capita consumption of different food). They compared 3,754 men aged 40-50 years when screened in 1976-77 (Skoda I Study) and 568 men aged 40-50 years when screened in 1986-88 (Skoda II Study). During the 10-year period, a significant decrease of smoking habits was observed, hypertension prevalence remained unchanged and hypercholesterolaemia prevalence increased significantly. The estimated yearly per capita consumption of meat and fat remained unchanged in the years 1975-1985, however, the structure of consumption revealed a gradual change towards food containing high amounts of animal fat. Education efforts during the 10-year period (1976-1986) led to a decrease in smoking habits in middle-aged men leaving hypertension control unchanged. The observed increase of cholesterol levels may be attributed to inappropriate nutritional habits gradually worsening in the whole population probably due to a socio-economic depression.
Adult↗
NADH fluorescence, [K+]0 and oxygen consumption in cat cerebral cortex during direct cortical stimulation.
NADH fluorescence, sagittal sinus blood flow and sinus hemoglobin saturation were monitored simultaneously during direct cortical stimulation of a wide area of the anterior and mid suprasylvian and marginal gyri. The area monitored flurorometrically was located within the area apparently drained by the sinus, so that the flurometric changes could be correlated with oxygen consumption changes calculated from the sinus flow and saturation values. The onset and peak values of calculated oxygen consumption and NADH fluorescence changes usually occurred within several seconds of one another and high, significant (r greater than 0.9 and P less than 0.01) correlations were found between the maximum changes in both parameters following stimulation. The relation of cortical [K+]0 changes to oxygen consumption changes was also explored; again the magnitude of [K+]0 changes and calculated oxygen consumption changes correlated well. The demonstrated agreement between fluorometric and direct (sinus cannulation) measurements of oxidative metabolism reinforces the interpretation of in situ cortical fluorescence changes as indicative of changes in oxygen consumption rate
Animals↗
Mathematical evidence for flow-induced changes in myocardial oxygen consumption.
The objective of this investigation was to aid in the determination of the mechanism by which oxygen consumption changes in proportion to coronary perfusion pressure or coronary blood flow. A mathematical model of oxygen transport and consumption in the isolated-perfused heart was developed, based on data from an autoregulating, cell-free perfused, externally paced, isovolumic feline heart preparation. The model features the unique combination of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and one-dimensional (axial) diffusion in radially well-mixed tissue. An adaptive finite-difference integration routine was used to solve the resulting third order stiff two-point boundary value problem. A simplex minimization was employed to determine the parameter values that minimized the squared difference between the model and the experimental data in terms of tissue PO2 distribution (histograms). Different cases of the model representing pressure-induced, flow-induced, and "magnified" flow effects were run. The flow-dependent oxygen consumption version of the model produced a histogram squared error 30% lower than the pressure-induced version and 5% lower than any other case. The model and a critical review of the literature indicate that a flow-related mechanism is responsible for this phenomenon. Evidence also demonstrates that the Michaelis-Menten kinetics constant is not constant for different oxygen tensions.
Coronary Circulation↗
Variations in food preference and consumption across the menstrual cycle.
There is some evidence that food consumption changes across the menstrual cycle. However, archived studies tend to rely on self-report data and do not differentiate among types of food eaten. The present laboratory study was designed to measure women's taste preferences and specific food consumption across the menstrual cycle. Women came into the laboratory, consumed everyday foods, and rated them on taste judgment scales. The foods were weighed before and after the tasting session to determine amount eaten. After the tasting session, subjects completed several questionnaires (e.g., measures of affect, restrained eating, menstrual cycle and menstrual symptoms). Physical measurements (e.g., height, weight) were taken at the end of the session. Sweet food consumption and preference ratings were significantly higher during the premenstrual period. Consumption and ratings of other foods did not differ. There were no differences in levels of mood, obesity, or restrained eating across the menstrual cycle. Low restraint was associated with reporting fewer menstrual symptoms, in general, and slightly better mood. These results support the idea that specific taste preferences change over the menstrual cycle, and that endocrinological factors could be involved in this phenomenon.
Adult↗
Taste and food preference changes across the course of pregnancy.
The present study investigates taste and specific food consumption changes across the course of pregnancy. These variables could potentially play a role in excess pregnancy-associated weight gains. Pregnant and postpartum women were asked to consume a series of everyday foods in the laboratory. Consumption and taste perception of each food were measured. In contrast to the self-report literature on cravings and aversions during pregnancy, which emphasizes changes in the first trimester, this study found that women in the second trimester consumed significantly more sweet food, but not salty or non-sweet/non-salty food, as compared with women at any other point in pregnancy. Subjects were restrained eaters, and so possibly refrained from daily consumption of excess sweet foods. This study suggests that psychological variables may interact with behavioral and physiological variables to control food preferences and eating in pregnancy.
Adult↗
Prediction of alcohol consumption: The role of genetics, impulsivity, and sensation seeking from adolescence to adulthood.
BACKGROUND: There are well-known phenotypic and genetic associations among impulsivity, sensation seeking (SS), and alcohol consumption, but whether they vary between adolescence and early adulthood remains unclear. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESES: We hypothesized that adolescent alcohol consumption would be better predicted by polygenic indices (PGIs) of impulsivity and SS than PGIs of adult alcohol consumption (drinks per week; DPW), but that the reverse would be observed in young adulthood (i.e., stronger associations for DPW PGIs). METHODS: N = 733-754 twins of European genetic ancestry from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study were assessed at age 17 and/or 23 years using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The SS PGIs were associated with alcohol consumption in adolescence (β=0.16), whereas DPW PGIs were associated with alcohol consumption in early adulthood (β=0.15). Additionally, phenotypic measures of impulsivity and SS are associated with alcohol consumption at both ages (β=.13-.21) and mediated some PGI-alcohol associations. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that genetic influences on alcohol consumption change from adolescence to early adulthood, with genetic influences on sensation seeking most relevant to alcohol consumption in adolescence.
Humans↗
Coronary flow distribution and dynamics during continuous and pulsatile extracorporeal circulation in the pig.
Four extracorporeal perfusion conditions (continuous beating, continuous fibrillating, pulsatile beating, and pulsatile fibrillating) were tested for 15 minutes each in pigs. Coronary flow, endocardial-epicardial flow ratio, phasic coronary flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and myocardial lactate extraction were measured. No significant differences in any of these variables were found between pulsatile and continuous flow states in either fibrillating or beating hearts (p greater than 0.05). In both fibrillating conditions, significant elevations of myocardial oxygen consumption and decreases in endocardial-epicardial flow ratios were found (p less than 0.05). Lactate extraction occurred in all conditions, and phasic coronary flows were similar in both beating conditions. These data suggest caution in the expectation that pulsatile perfusion will reverse the coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption changes seen with fibrillation.
Animals↗
Food consumption trends of US women: patterns and determinants between 1977 and 1985.
We use nationally representative samples of US women aged 19-50 y to examine comparable food-group consumption data collected in 1977 and 1985. We examine changes in the proportion of women consuming each specifically defined food group as well as the quantities users consume and the determinants of consumption changes over time. The food groupings are traditional ones, such as red meat, poultry, and milk, which are further divided by fat and dietary fiber content. Women have made major changes in their diets. The grams consumed within most food groups have decreased and the diversity of their diet and the number of lower-fat foods consumed have increased. The percentage consuming several higher-fat foods, such as higher-fat cheeses, desserts, and mixed grain dishes, has also increased. This analysis identifies important demographic and socioeconomic factors, particularly the education level of these women, associated with changes in food consumption.
Adult↗
Effect of dietary protein and food restriction on milk production and composition, maternal tissues and enzymes in lactating rats.
Lactating rats have been fed either a protein-restricted diet (10 vs. 20% casein in the control diet) or the control diet at 80, 60 and 40% of the voluntary intake for 7 d from d 7 of lactation. Food consumption, changes in maternal live weight, litter live weight gain and the mass of several maternal tissues were determined together with the activity of several mammary and liver enzymes, including 10 that are essential for fatty acid and complex lipid synthesis. Milk production was estimated from the litter weight gain and litter weight. Lactating rats fed the 20% protein diet ad libitum consumed three times that of nonlactating rats; their liver and kidney masses were significantly higher and their adipose mass was lower. The livers of the lactating rats were fatty, containing 118 mg lipid/g compared with 42 mg/g for the nonlactating rats. Lactating rats fed either the protein-restricted diet or the control diet at 40 and 60% of the ad libitum intake of the control diet had lower mammary, liver and kidney masses than rats consuming the control diet ad libitum. Both protein and food restriction led to lower rates of milk production than those of ad libitum-fed control rats as evidenced by the decrease in litter live weight gains. The concentrations of total lipid, total protein and lactose in milk were not affected by these dietary treatments. The concentration of alpha-lactalbumin in milk of rats fed the low protein diet was, however, lower than that in the milk of all rats receiving the control diet, irrespective of intake. Consumption of the restricted diets resulted in only small changes in specific activities (mu/mg protein) of 15 mammary enzymes. In the livers, lactation led to higher specific activities of all four soluble lipogenic enzymes examined but did not affect the particulate enzymes involved in complex lipid synthesis. The dietary restrictions resulted in lower specific activities of the soluble enzymes compared with those of the lactating rats consuming the control diet ad libitum without affecting the particulate enzymes. Total activities of these enzymes were, however, lower than those for the control rats as a result of the smaller liver mass in the rats receiving the restricted diets.
Animals↗
Acetate or bicarbonate for haemodialysis: a randomised, double-blind controlled trial.
In a prospective, randomised, double blind controlled trial the adverse reactions, food consumption, changes in blood chemistry including acid-base balance, and anthropometry were studied during two consecutive dialysis periods of 3 months, using either acetate- or bicarbonate-based dialysis fluids. Sixteen chronic, stable patients were included. The dialysis fluid sodium content was fixed at 140 mmol/l during all treatments. Patient complaints and adverse reactions were identical using the two dialysis fluids. No differences were observed regarding blood chemistry except for a less pronounced metabolic acidosis present during bicarbonate dialysis compared to acetate dialysis. A slight but insignificant increment in food consumption and nutritional status was noticed during bicarbonate dialysis. In conclusion, the use of a bicarbonate-based haemodialysis fluid offered no significant advantages compared to an acetate-based one in the haemodialysis of chronic, stable patients.
Acetates↗
Moderate maternal and paternal alcohol consumption and the risk of spontaneous abortion.
Maternal alcoholism can lead to the fetal alcohol syndrome in offspring, but the effect of more moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy remains an issue of concern. Therefore, we analyzed data from a large case-control study of spontaneous abortion (626 cases, 1,300 controls) that ascertained maternal alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy, as well as paternal consumption. Asking when in pregnancy alcohol consumption changed allowed us to calculate a weighted average of the amount consumed weekly during the first trimester. The odds ratio for consumption of seven or more drinks per week was 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.4] when adjusted for maternal smoking, passive smoking, and maternal age. Data were too sparse to examine higher consumption levels. There was some evidence that cases may have had less opportunity than controls to decrease consumption during their shorter pregnancies, potentially biasing the odds ratio upward. The adjusted odds ratio for any paternal alcohol consumption was 1.2 (CI = 0.93-1.5), with no dose-response effect seen. Among pregnancies in which the mother did not drink, there was no association with paternal drinking.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Decreases in alcohol problems and increased Alcoholics Anonymous membership.
In this study, the impact of changes in rates of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) membership and per capita consumption of alcohol on changes in rates of cirrhosis, drinking-driving charges and liquor act charges are examined for the 10 provinces of Canada over the period 1974-1983. Neither measure was significantly related to changes in cirrhosis rates. However, AA membership and consumption changes were associated, in an interactive manner, with changes in drinking-driving and liquor act charges.
Alcoholics Anonymous↗
Metabolic changes in Trichomonas gallinae resulting from growth in various carbohydrates.
The influence of the type of growth carbohydrate on the subsequent metabolic activity of Trichomonas gallinae was investigated. Washed suspensions of cells collected from CPL-glucose, CPL-maltose, CPL-galactose, and CPL-glucose-maltose media were examined in the warburg respirometer for their ability to utilize glucose, maltose, and galactose. Comparisons of the metabolic parameters of substrate consumption, changes in glycogen content, and CO2 and H2 production were made. The pattern of utilization of the sugars, both qualitatively and quantitatively, depended upon the type of carbohydrate in the CPL medium used to culture the cells and upon the time of exposure of the cells to a particular sugar in the medium.
Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
Effects of selective and non-selective beta-adrenergic blockade on coronary dynamics in man assessed by rapid atrial pacing.
The effects on coronary dynamics of propranolol and atenolol were studied in 12 patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation for suspected coronary artery disease. Myocardial blood flow was measured using the coronary sinus continuous thermodilution technique. Data were obtained immediately after drug administration and during rapid atrial pacing. The immediate effects were similar for both drugs. A significant reduction in heart rate was accompanied by a small reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption. Changes in coronary sinus flow induced by rapid pacing were closely related to changes in tension-time index. This relation was not modified by propranolol or atenolol. Neither propranolol nor atenolol therefore has significant coronary vasoconstrictor properties. Cardioselectivity appears to be unimportant with respect to beta-adrenergic blockade and the coronary circulation.
Adult↗
Immediate effects of hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate combination on exercise capacity and exercise hemodynamics in patients with left ventricular failure.
Resting hemodynamics improve during vasodilator administration in patients, with congestive heart failure (CHF), but the effects of these agents on exercise is unknown. Twenty-two patients with class II or III CHF performed bicycle exercise to symptomatic maximum before and 90 minutes after random double-blind administration of oral hydralazine (100 mg) and isosorbide dinitrate (40 mg) (11 patients, group 1) or placebo (11 patients, group 2). Exercise duration was unchanged after treatment in either group. Maximal oxygen consumption changed insignificantly in both groups, from 12.6 +/- 1.2 (SEM) to 13.6 +/- 1.6 ml/kg/min in group 1, and from 11.7 +/- 1.4 to 13.4 +/- 1.7 ml/kg/min in group 2. Maximal cardiac index was unchanged in both group 1 (4.00 +/- 0.33 to 4.41 +/- 0.29 l/min/m2) and group 2 (4.11 +/- 0.43 to 4.14 +/- 0.42 l/min/m2). Systemic vascular resistance at peak exercise was also unchanged in both group 1 (14.1 +/- 1.6 to 11.8 +/- 1.0 units) and group 2 (14.7 +/- 1.6 to 13.5 +/- 1.6 units). at submaximal exercise (300 kilopond-meters/min), however, cardiac index after treatment increased in group 1 (0.51 +/- 0.18 l/min/m2, p less than 0.05) and systemic vascular resistance decreased (-3.3 +/- 1.3 units, p less than 0.05), but were unchanged in group 2. Thus, although vasodilators do not improve maximal exercise capacity acutely, they can improve hemodynamics at lower work loads which may, therefore, be better tolerated in patients with CHF.
Adult↗