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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Plasma lipoprotein changes during oral contraception.

Changes in plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration were measured in healthy young women who received 21-days' oral treatment with either norethisterone acetate (1, 2, or 5 mg daily) or ethinyloestradiol (20 or 50 microgram daily). Similar measurements were also made in groups of women receiving progestogens or oestrogens for gynaecological indications, and in women taking oral contraceptives. Oestrogens alone stimulate increases in HDL-cholesterol, while progestogens alone suppress the concentration. Combinations of oestrogens and progestogens have variable effects depending on the relative doses and chemical compositions of the two hormones. Because HDL-cholesterol concentration is thought to be negatively correlated to cardiovascular disease risks, products which induce a large decrease are to be avoided, though other risk factors must be taken into account in the selection of oral contraceptives.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1990

Cytogenetic study of blood in women who had used oral contraceptives.

Changes in the number and structure of chromosomes in peripheral lymphocytes of 31 healthy women using oral contraceptives (OC) were studied. Blood samples were taken prior to and after one, two and three months of using oral contraceptives. No significant differences were found in evaluating numerical anomalies but highly significant differences were detected in structural aberrations and in structural aberrations without gaps.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Postcoital contraception.

Changes in sexual mores have led to the need for an effective emergency postcoital contraceptive agent. To meet this need various individual steroids, either alone or in combination, have been evaluated and shown to be effective in preventing pregnancy as a result of a single, unprotected coital act. No drug has received specific marketing approval in North America for this purpose. However, in western Europe, the combination of ethinyloestradiol and levonorgestrel is marketed specifically for use as a postcoital contraceptive agent. Intrauterine copper contraceptive devices have also been shown to be effective postcoital contraceptive agents, but their applicability is confined to a specific segment of the population. Other agents are also being investigated for their postcoital contraceptive effectiveness, including prostaglandins, anti-progestins, GnRH agonists, super agonists and antagonists, and HCG antagonists. Sufficient interest exists in postcoital contraception that the World Health Organization has undertaken, through their task force dealing with postcoital, once-a-month and menses-inducing agents, to develop other postcoital drugs.

Contraceptives, Postcoital↗
PubMed1975

[Serum level of thyroxin-binding globulin under oral contraception (author's transl)].

The use of oral contraceptives results in an increase in thyroid-binding-capacity in conformity with a change of results by T3/T4-tests. Using Laurell-electrophoresis and an anti-serum produced by Behringwerke the determination of the thyroid-binding-globulin (TBG) in serum is easy to handle. TBG was determined in serum from 137 women using oral contraceptives for more than 3 months. The apllication of oral contraceptives is followed by a statistically significant increase in the TBG level in serum. Thereby oral contraceptives change the TBG-level in a different degree. Preparations with a marked estrogen potency on the average effect a higher TBG-concentration than those with progesterone activity derived by menses-delay test. The difference of TBG-level is statistically significant. According by the increase of TBG-concentration in serum is caused by estrogen, the extent of the increase is modified by the progesterone component.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Metabolic investigations with Femodene--an oral contraceptive containing gestodene and ethinyloestradiol.

The metabolic effects of a new oral contraceptive Femodene (SHD 356C) containing 75 micrograms gestodene (delta-15-levonorgestrel) and 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol were studied in two groups of women. Group 1 consisted of women not currently using oral contraceptives; Group 2 consisted of women switching to Femodene from their current oral contraceptive. Changes in lipid metabolism were assessed by measuring serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, HDL2-C and HDL3-C. Minimal changes occurred in lipid metabolism apart from increases in triglyceride concentrations. Women in Group 1 showed a 105% increase in SHBG levels and a 51% increase in caeruloplasmin levels compared to increases of 33% and 2% in women in Group 2. A comparison of the two groups of women suggested that the gestagen in Femodene exerted a less anti-oestrogenic effect than most of the gestagens currently used in oral contraceptives. No significant changes occurred in liver function (assessed by estimation of gamma-glutamyl transferase) or in the coagulation factors, Factor X and antithrombin III. Minor effects on glucose tolerance as assessed by blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were noted. These minimal effects on metabolism, combined with its high efficacy and acceptability shown in clinical trials, makes Femodene an ideal alternative to currently used oral contraceptives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Studies of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women developing hypertension on oral contraceptives.

Metabolic studies in 100 women developing hypertension on combined oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives have been compared with similar studies in normotensive women on oral contraceptives, matched for age and duration of contraceptive use, and in women not taking contraceptives.The metabolic changes known to be induced by oral contraceptives-impaired glucose tolerance, elevated blood pyruvate levels, and raised serum lipid concentrations-were found to be exaggerated in the matched hypertensive group, largely due to pronounced abnormalities in 33 subjects with diastolic blood pressures over 110 mm Hg.Women developing severe hypertension were older, more obese, and of higher parity than those with mild hypertension and there was a high incidence of previous toxaemia of pregnancy in the hypertensive group.The results show that in women on oral contraceptives changes in blood pressure and in metabolic functions tend to be correlated with one another, and are consistent with the hypothesis that oral contraception induces a primary biochemical effect whose expression in the individual is determined by intrinsic factors including genetic constitution, age, weight, and parity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning in Jordan: 1983 survey data.

Data from the 1983 fertility survey in Jordan indicate that 26 percent of married women were using contraceptives, reflecting a very small relative increase in use in the seven years before the survey. Only 5 percent of nonusers stated that they desired to use a method. Other data from the same survey suggest a potential demand for contraception, for spacing as well as limiting births, among those not using. For example, many recent pregnancies were reported to be unplanned. Also, among nonusers who did not desire to use a method, many stated they did not desire to become pregnant, yet were exposed to the risk of pregnancy. A pool of potential users exists who can be considered in need of contraception (i.e., fecund, not pregnant or desiring pregnancy, and not using contraceptives)--20 percent of all currently married, childbearing-age women--who may become contraceptive users as attitudes toward contraception change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The effect of oral contraceptives on serum lipids gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and excretion of d-glucaric acid.

The authors studied three oral contraceptives (Bisecurin, Ovidon, Rigevidon) in 37 healthy women in order to establish their effect on serum lipids, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and d-glucaric acid excretion. After 3-9 months of oral contraception, a significant increase was observed in serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels in women taking the two contraceptives with major hormone content. None of the contraceptives changed the serum glyceride level. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were significantly enhanced. D-glucaric acid excretion increased. There was no correlation between the parameters of enzyme induction and the change of lipid metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Microcapillary hemangioma].

A cutaneous microcapillary hemangioma was discovered in a young woman 4 months after a change of oral contraceptives. This recently individualized benign tumor is made of well differentiated capillaries without cellular atypias, located in the reticular dermis. It arises in a few weeks in young subjects, sometimes after contraceptive change or during pregnancy. Sexual hormonal imbalance may explain some cases. The histological appearance of microcapillary hemangioma is remindful of microvenular hemangioma, more recently described, which also arises in a short time in young patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Trends in the contraceptive practices of women seeking abortions in the 1980s.

The demographic features and contraceptive practices of 1000 women attending Parkview clinic of Wellington Hospital for termination of pregnancy were studied over an eight month period in 1988-9. Comparisons were made with a previous study at the same clinic in 1980-1. The overall abortion rate has increased from 6.8/1000 women in the Wellington statistical area in 1981 to 9.8 in 1989. The proportion of Pacific Island and Asian women presenting for abortions is high and has increased disproportionately between 1981 and 1989. The abortion rate has also increased in lower socioeconomic groups in 1989. The proportion of women using contraception at the time of conception increased from 50% in 1981 to 68.5% in 1989. The methods used by women presenting for abortion have changed significantly. There has been an increase in the proportion of women using condoms (from 13.3% to 36.2%) and the oral contraceptive pill from (14% to 21.4%).

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1990

Modern trends in contraception.

Substantial improvements have been made in oral contraceptives, a new injectable contraceptive (Norplant), and the intrauterine device (IUD). Major risks with oral contraceptives have declined substantially, and a number of noncontraceptive health benefits have been discovered. Norplant is probably the first new contraceptive in recent years, and offers long-term contraception with high efficacy and modest risks. The IUD, by carefully selecting users, is a safe and efficacious contraceptive method. The major risk, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), is far less common if one avoids use in the presence of risk factors for PID.

Contraceptive Agents, Female↗
PubMed1988

Haemostasis and oral contraceptives.

Selected hemostasis parameters were assayed in 131 women ingesting different kinds of oral contraceptives and 36 control women. No differences were noted in the plasma levels of fibrinogen, antithrombin III, prekallikrein, alpha 2 antiplasmin, fibrinopeptide A, platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin. Protein C and plasminogen levels were significantly higher in pill users (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01) and fibronectin levels were lower (p less than 0.05). Canonical correlation, performed between clinical parameters and hemostasis data, revealed a negative correlation between antithrombin III levels and family history for thromboembolic diseases. A positive correlation was noted between fibrinogen and fibronectin levels in obese OC users. The data suggest that women taking OCs are not in a state of "hypercoagulability."

Adult↗