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Results for “Contraception--statistics”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effect of oral contraceptive therapy on gingival inflammation in humans.

One hundred sixty-eight female patients between the ages of 18 and 35 were evaluated with an Oral Debris Index and a Gingival Inflammatory Index. The patients were then divided into groups and subgroups according to their intake of oral contraceptives. Statistical analysis revealed that the group currently taking oral contraceptives had a higher mean Gingival Inflammatory Index than the group not presently taking oral contraceptives. The group taking oral contraceptives also revealed a lower mean Oral Debris Index than the control group. Further analysis revealed that while some brands of oral contraceptives produced more dramatic index changes than others, no relationship appeared to exist due to the differences of progesterone or estrogen content in the various brands. Increased accumulative exposure to oral contraceptives apparently had no effect upon Oral Debris Indices or Gingival Inflammatory Indices. Further studies with older population groups should be conducted in an attempt to answer questions concerning the effect of long term oral contraceptive intake on periodontal diseases other than gingivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Changes in thromboelastogram in women on hormonal contraception].

The authors have analysed changes in the thromboelastogram in 411 women on oral contraceptives and in 31 women on no hormonal contraception. Comparing the results they found no statistically significant differences because the control group was too small. In the group of women on hormonal contraception, statistically significant differences were recorded in those women whose thromboelastogram was analysed several times, the differences having been more pronounced in the women that had used hormonal contraceptives for a longer time. As the appearance of thrombo-embolic complications is a very complex process, the authors' opinion is that thromboelastogram cannot be considered as a routine method for predicting these complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Nonpuerperal breast secretion. Its relation to the use of oral contracetpives.

The occurrence of breast secretion more than 1 year postpartum was studied in 800 healthy, parous women of childbearing age. Among of 418 women who were using a combination-type oral steroid contraceptive, the incidence of breast secretion was lower than among the nonusers. The incidence of bilateral secretion decreased with increasing duration of use of the oral contraceptives. Statistical material is presented for the incidence of breast secretion as related to age. time elapsed since last delivery, and duration of nursing the last child. Brownish secretion rather than white or yellowish is seen more often in women over 30 years of age. Various menstrual irregularities (excluding amenorrhea) do not appear to be associated with an increased incidence of breast secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Oral contraceptives in acute viral hepatitis.

Thirty-four women took oral contraceptives during a major part, or throughout the course, of acute viral hepatitis. The acute illness and sequelae during the following year were compared to those of 34 matched control women with acute viral hepatitis who never took oral contraceptives. Statistical and clinical analysis showed no difference in severity of acute illness or frequency of sequelae. These findings suggest that oral contraceptives are not detrimental when taken during a course of acute viral hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Worker-client exchanges and contraceptive use in rural Bangladesh.

In this article, longitudinal data from rural Bangladesh are used to assess the impact of household visits from family planning workers on contraceptive use. A panel of women was interviewed in a demographic survey and reinterviewed every 90 days for six successive rounds. Regression methods are used to estimate the effect of these encounters on the odds that a woman will use contraceptives. Statistical controls adjust for the potentially confounding effects of underlying demand for contraception. Findings suggest that both male and female worker-initiated exchanges have an effect, although the impact of outreach is more pronounced if the worker is female. Estimated effects are consistent with the hypothesis that the predominant impact of outreach is to crystallize existing latent demand for contraception. Results also suggest, however, that female worker outreach generates new demand by fostering ideational change.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A case-control study of the possible association between oral contraceptives and malignant melanoma.

In a case-control study, we investigated 169 women aged 15-49 years with malignant melanoma notified to the Oxford and South Western cancer registries during the years 1971-1976, together with 507 matched controls. Data about medical, reproductive, drug and smoking histories were obtained both by reviewing general practitioner (GP) records and from the women themselves by postal questionnaires. There was no significant evidence of any overall increase in the risk of melanoma in oral contraceptive (OC) users (data from GP records-ever use vs never use, relative risk (RR) 1.34, 95% confidence limits 0.92-1.96; corresponding data from postal questionnaires-RR 1.13, limits 0.73-1.75). However, although not significant, the risk estimated from data in the postal questionnaires was higher in women who had used OCs for 5 years or more (use greater than or equal to 5 years vs never use, RR 1.57, limits 0.83-3.03). Previously demonstrated risk factors for melanoma, such as fair skin, blond or red hair and Celtic origin were found to be commoner in the cases than in the controls. Data from the Oxford/Family Planning Association contraceptive study were also examined. Unexpectedly there was a strong suggestion of a negative association between OC use and melanoma risk, but the analysis was based on only 12 women with the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Breast cancer risk and oral contraceptive use: results from a large case-control study.

The association between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk was examined using data from a case-control study of breast cancer in Long Island, New York. Cases were defined as female residents of Nassau and Suffolk Counties between the ages of 20 and 79, diagnosed with breast cancer between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1986. Age- and county-matched controls were selected from driver's license files. Among all women under age 70 at diagnosis, there was no association between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer; there was, however, a positive association in the subgroup ages 20-49 (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16-2.42). Risk increased with increasing duration of use, but did not differ between women who first used oral contraceptives before the first pregnancy and those who first used them later, or between women who first used oral contraceptives before age 25 and those who first used them at a later age. Risk also appeared to increase with number of years of use before the first pregnancy or before age 25, although numbers were small. History of benign breast disease did not influence risk. The association of breast cancer risk with oral contraceptive use appeared stronger in women from Suffolk County than Nassau County.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A randomised trial and a comparative study of the copper 7 200 and the multiload copper 250 intrauterine devices.

A randomized trial of the Copper 7 200 (Cu 7 200) and the Multiload Copper 250 (ML Cu 250) intrauterine devices (IUD) was carried out for 13 months. On life table analysis at 12 months, net cumulative closure rates for use-related terminations (net rates) for the Cu 7 200 were higher than for the ML Cu 250 for accidental pregnancy (NS), expulsions (P less than 0.02) and medical removals for pain and/or bleeding (P less than 0.01). The continuation rate was lower for the Cu 7 200 (P less than 0.001). In a larger comparative study, at 12 months there was a highly significant difference (P less than 0.001) in favour of the ML Cu 250 in accidental pregnancy, expulsions and removals for pain and/or bleeding and continuation of use. Since the ultimate purpose of the use of an IUD is pregnancy protection with a minimum of side effects, the continued use of the Cu 7 200 is not recommended.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1992

A survey of contraceptive use and unplanned pregnancy in Perth, Western Australia.

Contraceptive use and unplanned pregnancy were studied in a stratified cluster sample of 1,511 couples with women aged 16 to 44 years resident in metropolitan Perth in 1988. Twenty-one couples were excluded from analysis owing to missing data. The proportion of couples using contraception was 76.8 per cent (1,144 of 1,490), and all but three of the remaining couples gave a reason for nonuse. Among users, surgical sterilisation made up 42.3 per cent (484 of 1,144) of all methods, with a slight predominance of tubal ligation over vasectomy. Oral contraceptives accounted for just over half of nonsurgical methods. Comparisons with a Victorian survey performed in 1978 suggested that surgical methods and condom use may have increased, whereas use of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices may have fallen. Unplanned pregnancies conceived during the 12 months before the interview affected 3.4 per cent (51 of 1,490) of respondents. The incidence of unplanned pregnancy was four times higher in couples with inconsistent usage patterns of contraception.

Adolescent↗